基于偏离份额分析法的产业结构分析研究——以山东省为例

以1999—2009年为考察期,利用偏离份额分析法(SSM)分析了山东省17个城市在产业结构与区位竞争力方面的优势和劣势,并根据产业结构偏离分量和区位偏离分量的组合情况,对各地区的经济增长状况进行了定位,有助于调整各城市的产业结构,缩小城市间的经济差距。     

废旧冰箱拆解及聚氨酯泡沫放置的一氟三氯甲烷释放量研究

研究了废旧冰箱聚氨酯(PUR)泡沫中所含的一氟三氯甲烷(CFC-11)总量,并对冰箱箱体切割过程、金属板剥离过程和PUR泡沫破碎后常温放置时的CFC-11释放量进行了测定。结果表明,PUR泡沫所含CFC-11总量占PUR泡沫质量的20.06%;箱体切割和金属板剥离过程中的CFC-11释放量分别占PUR泡沫中CFC-11总量的0.75%和2.32%;常温放置到第15天时,0.5、1.0、4.0、8.0 mm 4种粒径PUR泡沫颗粒的CFC-11累计释放量分别占PUR泡沫所含CFC-11总量的4.75%、5.25%、5.42%、6.50%,均高于箱体切割、金属板剥离过程中的CFC-11释放量。     

Source apportionment of wintertime secondary organic aerosol during the California regional PM10/PM2.5 air quality study

The UCD/CIT air quality model with the Caltech Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism (CACM) was used to predict source contributions to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) from December 15, 2000 to January 7, 2001. The predicted 24-day average SOA concentration had a maximum value of 4.26 μg m^?3 50 km southwest of Fresno. Predicted SOA concentrations at Fresno, Angiola, and Bakersfield were 2.46 μg m^?3, 1.68 μg m^?3, and 2.28 μg m^?3, respectively, accounting for 6%, 37%, and 4% of the total predicted organic aerosol. The average SOA concentration across the entire SJV was 1.35 μg m^?3, which accounts for approximately 20% of the total predicted organic aerosol. Averaged over the entire SJV, the major SOA sources were solvent use (28% of SOA), catalyst gasoline engines (25% of SOA), wood smoke (16% of SOA), non-catalyst gasoline engines (13% of SOA), and other anthropogenic sources (11% of SOA). Diesel engines were predicted to only account for approximately 2% of the total SOA formation in the SJV because they emit a small amount of volatile organic compounds relative to other sources. In terms of SOA precursors within the SJV, long-chain alkanes were predicted to be the largest SOA contributor, followed by aromatic compounds. The current study identifies the major known contributors to the SOA burden during a winter pollution episode in the SJV, with further enhancements possible as additional formation pathways are discovered.     

Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in the littoral zones of two lakes,east Antarctica

During the summertime of 2007/2008, carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) fluxes across air–water interface were investigated in the littoral zones of Lake Mochou and Lake Tuanjie, east Antarctica, using a static chamber technique. The mean fluxes of CO₂ and CH₄ were ?70.8 mgCO₂ m^?2 h^?1 and 144.6 μgCH₄ m^?2 h^?1, respectively, in the littoral zone of Lake Mochou; The mean fluxes were ?36.9 mgCO₂ m^?2 h^?1 and 109.8 μgCH₄ m^?2 h^?1, respectively, in the littoral zone of Lake Tuanjie. Their fluxes showed large temporal and spatial dynamics. The CO₂ fluxes showed a significantly negative correlation with daily total radiation (DTR) and a weakly negative correlation with air temperature and water temperature, indicating that sunlight intensity controlled the magnitude of CO₂ fluxes from the open lakes. The CH₄ fluxes significantly correlated with local air temperature, water table and total dissolved solids (TDS), indicating that they were the predominant factors influencing CH₄ fluxes. Summertime CO₂ budgets in the littoral zones of Lake Mochou and Lake Tuanjie were estimated to be ?152.9 gCO₂ m^?2 and ?79.7 gCO₂ m^?2, respectively, and net CH₄ emissions were estimated to be 312.3 mgCH₄ m^?2 and 237.2 mgCH₄ m^?2, respectively. Our results show that shallow, open, alga-rich lakes might be strong summertime CO₂ absorbers and small CH₄ emitters during the open water in coastal Antarctica.     

无碴轨列车运行引起的环境振动影响评价

对遂渝高速铁路无碴轨道试验段客车运行引起的环境振动进行了现场实测,根据实验数据分析得知:环境振动强度随距离增大而减小,随车速增大而增大,但车厢数量对环境振动强度影响不明显;环境振动主要频率范围为30～120 Hz,距轨道距离、车速、车厢数量对振动主要频率影响不显著;在轨道两侧31.9 m处,速度超过104.7 km/h列车环境振动强度超过GB 10070-1988要求,须采取措施隔振。     

脉冲电解法预处理酸性染料废水

研究了脉冲电解法预处理酸性偶氮类染料废水的处理效果,考察了不同工艺条件对废水COD去除率、脱色率和可生化性的影响。结果表明,脉冲电源峰值电压12 V,频率600 Hz,占空比50%的条件下电解40 min后,COD去除率可达59%,废水脱色率达91.4%,BOD5/COD由0.09提高至0.34。在相同条件下,脉冲电解法的电流效率是直流电解法的2倍左右。与现行常用的铁/碳反应床相比,脉冲电解法在成本上也具有一定的优势,应用前景较好。     

光/电Fenton牺牲阳极法降解有机污染物

采用Fe片为阳极和石墨为阴极,在可见光(λ450 nm)照射并外加电压条件下,以有机染料橙Ⅱ(orangeⅡ)及有机无色小分子2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-dichlorophenol,DCP)为目标化合物,探讨了光/电Fenton牺牲阳极法降解有机污染物的最佳反应条件,结果表明,在电压=3 V,pH=3.0,H2O2浓度为5×10-5mol/L时,orangeⅡ的降解效果最好,反应10 h矿化率可达到78%,210 min内2,4-DCP降解率为91.4%。通过对光/电Fenton体系原位循环伏安参数测定及过氧化物酶催化反应吸光光度法和苯甲酸荧光分析法检测光/电Fenton降解orange II过程中H2O2和羟基自由基(.OH)的变化,表明orangeⅡ降解过程涉及.OH历程。     

湿式纤维层非稳态过滤净化阻力的研究

在干式纤维层过滤净化阻力的理论基础上,提出清洗水均匀分布于纤维丝表面的基本假设,使湿式过滤中对液滴、液膜、液珠的分析简单具体化。并通过实验结论归纳出净化阻力随时间的变化规律,导出湿式纤维层非稳态过滤净化阻力的表达式,并用实验验证了其准确性。     

京津地区区域一体化程度分析

20世纪50年代以来,全球化背景下世界各国间经济依存度加强,与之相伴生的区域集团化趋势日益显著。北京和天津作为京津冀地区经济实力最强的两个城市,两市的一体化程度研究可以在一定程度反映京津冀一体化的程度,也能对规划京津冀发展提供依据。本文从对区域经济一体化的概念和发展过程的讨论出发,并以京津地区为研究对象,从市场一体化、产业一体化和空间一体化三个方面探讨其一体化整合程度。采用"价格法",利用两市的商品零售价格指数对相对平均价格方差进行分析,得出市场较早具备了一体化的优势条件,近年来发展却不大;分析工业和第三产业各行业的区位商,了解到产业互补潜力尚未充分发挥;同时以京津冀地区的城市分布情况为研究对象,根据费里德曼空间结构的演变阶段理论将其空间一体化程度划分为初级阶段。未来通过政策引导、合理布局和整体规划,京津一体化的发展将成为区域经济发展的主要推动力之一。     

辽河流域工业行业污染减排潜力实证研究

随着经济总量的持续增长,降低产污强度,从源头减少污染产生是促进污染减排的重要手段。基于2008年辽河流域工业行业环境统计数据,以COD,NH3-N两项指标为研究对象,识别出7类重点行业,其COD,NH3-N产生量分别占工业产生总量的77%、90%,排放量占工业总量的81%、77%。分析了重点行业的产污强度及末端去除率水平,表明工业行业产污强度高是工业污染严重的主要原因,发展清洁生产具有较大的减排潜力。设计工业行业发展清洁生产情景并测算出到2015年辽河工业的污染物排放情况,结果显示,通过适当限制重污染行业增长速度、重点降低产污强度、适当提高末端去除率,在流域工业行业产值年均增长率14.75%的情况下,2015年工业污染物排放量与2008年相比,COD削减45%-55%,NH3-N削减21%-33%。以此为流域工业污染防治"十二五"规划提供技术支持。