硫酸盐生物还原过程中涉硫组分代谢特性

通过硫酸盐生化代谢过程中涉硫组分（SO42-、SO32-、H2S、S2-、S2O32-、微生物含硫）等代谢特性模式研究,揭示了代谢过程中的主要限速步骤及过程代谢产物演替规律。SRB还原过程中限速步骤主要为亚硫酸根转化为硫化氢的过程,利用氮气吹脱硫化氢后,反应终点时各涉硫组分占总硫的51.38%,硫离子的量增加了2.09倍,硫酸根的去除率从83.5%提高到91.24%,亚硫酸根浓度呈现出降低的趋势;pH明显上升,并最终达到8.31,而无吹脱硫化氢的反应器最终pH为6.87。反应器中脱硫弧菌为优势菌,硫化氢被吹脱后,微生物在目、科、属水平上优势菌得到提高,硫化氢的存在抑制了优势菌的增殖。     

以萘为共代谢的芘的好氧生物降解

为更好有效去除地下水中的常见污染物芘,以萘为降解基质,利用苍白杆菌降解芘,并对反应影响因素进行了研究,模拟了反应动力学。结果表明：浓度为100 mg·L-1、pH=7、25℃、萘的初始反应24 h后萘的去除率达到99.84%,芘的去除率达到37.5%。另外,菌株在萘初始浓度不同的条件下对萘的降解符合一级动力学,对芘的降解符合二级动力学。结果表明苍白杆菌在去除地下水中的萘和芘方面具有很大前景。     

Analysis of microcystins in cyanobacteria blooms and surface water samples from Meiliang Bay,Taihu Lake,China

Taihu Lake is the third largest freshwater lake in China. In recent years, the water pollution of cyanobacteria blooms has become a severe problem in this area. Microcystins (MCs) are an important group of toxic compounds mainly produced by some cyanobacteria species and have both acute and chronic hepatotoxic effects on animals and humans. This paper presents the first data on the identification and detection of MCs in both natural occurring cyanobacteria blooms and surface water samples (0-0.5 m), collected from Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China. A conventional method for extraction and isolation of MCs from cyanobacteria blooms was applied. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the main toxic component in the cyanobacteria materials was MC-LR. The monoclonal antibody (mAb) against MC-LR produced by hybridoma technique was employed for direct competitive ELISA to detect the concentrations of MCs in bloom and water samples collected in 2001. The results not only revealed the presence of MCs but also temporal variations of MCs levels of three sampling stations in Meiliang Bay in 1 year. It is obvious that the MC contents were relatively higher during warm months and related with the status of eutrophication. Our study indicates the threat associated with MCs in water body of Taihu Lake. To prevent the MCs potential hazard on public health in this area, some necessary measures of monitoring and control of growth of cyanobacteria are urgently needed.     

菌株NKS-3对溴氨酸脱色特性探讨

从受溴氨酸污染地筛选出菌株ＮＫＳ－ ３ ,它对溴氨酸有脱色作用。菌株生长随碳源浓度增加而旺盛,溴氨酸能刺激菌株生长。溴氨酸浓度即使达到１０００ ｍｇ／Ｌ 也能被菌株基本脱色。研究发现,盐度抑制菌生长,在含盐培养液中溴氨酸的脱色过程被抑制     

GIS支持下的红壤丘陵区脆弱生态环境综合评价--以长沙市为例

遥感和地理信息系统技术的发展为研究区域生态环境变化提供了有效的手段。针对红壤丘陵区这一特定区域，在地理信息系统的支持下，建立了红壤丘陵区环境信息系统数据库；同时结合特尔斐法、层次分析法及环境质量综合指数法，对红壤丘陵区的典型区域——长沙市的生态环境质量进行综合评价。研究结果表明，由于人类活动的强烈影响，长沙市环境质量状况良好以上级别的区域面积仅有827．64km^2，占总面积的7．0％；而生态环境较差的区域其面积达到6187．14km^2，占总面积的52．4％，这说明长沙市总体生态环境质量有待进一步提高。     

青岛市废有机溶剂现状分析与评价

调查分析青岛市废有机溶剂产生现状、污染特性、处置流向及回收利用的概况。结合青岛市产业结构特点,遵循"资源化、减量化、无害化"处置原则,提出废有机溶剂管理的对策和建议。研究结果对危险废物的有效管理和促进循环经济发展具有指导意义。     

Leaching behavior of heavy metals from municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash and its geochemical modeling

With the increase in the number of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plants constructed in China recently, great attention has been paid to the heavy metal leaching toxicity of MSWI residues. In this study, the effects of various parameters, including extractant, leaching time, liquid-to-solid ratio, leachate pH, and heavy metal content, on the release properties of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn from MSWI bottom ash were investigated. Partial least-squares analysis was employed to highlight the interrelationships between the factors and response variables. Both experimental research and geochemical modeling using Visual MINTEQ software were conducted to study the pH-dependent leaching behavior of these metals in fresh and weathered bottom ash, considering precipitation/dissolution and surface complexation reactions (adsorption by hydrous ferric oxide and amorphous aluminum oxide/hydroxide). The results showed that leachate pH was the predominant factor influencing heavy metal leachability. The leaching of Cu, Pb, and Zn was mainly controlled by precipitation/dissolution reactions, whereas surface complexation had some effect on the leaching of Cr, Cd, and Ni for certain pH ranges. The modeling results aggreed well with the experimental results. Part of this work was presented at the Fourth International Conference on Combustion, Incineration/Pyrolysis and Emission Control (i-CIPEC)     

冲绳海槽浊流灾害性研究

沉积物表层样口和岩芯样口综合分析及浅层地震剖面判读解表明,晚更新世以来冲绳海槽持续发生和普遍存在浊流活动。通过对浊积层体积规模,发生频率,分布范围以及浊流形成条件的分析,探讨了浊流作用的灾害特点,后者可作为该区环境地质评价及海底工程设计的参考和依据。     

炼焦污水零排放技术初探

本文介绍了炼焦污水零排小试结果,试验中采用新型大孔吸附树脂脱酚,蒸汽汽提脱氨,处理后的污水用作熄焦补充水.试验证明该零排放方案是可行的.