海绵铁对印染废水脱色研究

海绵铁脱色是电化学、氧化还原、电场作用、絮凝沉淀以及物理吸附等的共同作用。实验结果表明 :海绵铁对色度的吸附过程符合Freundlich等温式。研究了海绵铁对几种不同颜色废水的脱色情况 ,海绵铁对酸性金黄、酸性藏蓝以及大红色染料都有较好的脱色效果 ,脱色率在 90 %以上 ;对耐晒黑染料的脱色效果相对较差为 80 %左右。同时通过几种影响因素的研究 ,确定了脱色的最佳实验条件。并在实际废水中得到了有效的验证 ,当滤速为 6m/h时 ,脱色率可达到 94%以上     

发酵培养法筛选堆肥中产表面活性物质的菌种

微生物在城市生活垃圾堆肥中起着重要的作用 ,而某些微生物在一定条件下产生的生物表面活性剂有望改善堆肥的微环境 ,提高堆肥的效率。从不同温度的堆肥过程中 (45℃和 55℃ )筛选产生物表面活性剂的细菌 ,生物表面活性剂的产生通过测定其发酵液的张力值来判断。实验结果表明 ,堆肥过程中的确存在产生物表面活性剂的细菌 ,枯草芽孢杆菌是其主要菌之一。实验通过一系列培养条件的优化 ,使所筛选到的细菌产生活性较强、浓度较高的生物表面活性剂     

电量采集终端及电能表远程对时研究及应用

电量采集终端及电能表时钟的准确性直接影响到采集数据的准确性,进而影响准确计量、线损分析和电量结算等。考虑到传统的现场人工对时或采用红外掌机校时方式耗时、耗力,设计了一种新的远程对时方案,首先提出基于电力系统通讯协议的TDPTP时钟同步原理,其充分考虑了通讯延时来实现主站对电量采集终端的远程对时,然后通过开启电量采集终端的对时功能对电能表精确对时,从而保证了时钟由.上至下的一致性。通过应用成果证明该远程对时方法的可行性,不仅确保了电量数据的客观性,还有效提升计量的准确性,同时减少了人工现场校时的工作量。     

震后灾害链生机制及其对汶川地震城镇重建的影响

汶川8级大地震对地表产生强烈扰动,导致次生山地灾害极度发育,影响到震后灾害的活动特征及其相应的减灾对策。震后松散固体物质急剧增加、流域微地貌变化明显(沟道堵塞严重)、水文变化利于侵蚀和洪峰,使得灾害群发链生:崩塌、滑坡→泥石流→堰塞湖→溃决洪水(泥石流),8月中旬灾区各地因强降雨而大规模爆发泥石流堵塞河道,洪水冲毁掩埋重建城镇,给地震重灾区造成巨大损失。从以汶川县映秀镇为例,在阐述灾害链研究成果的基础上,分析震后灾害链的形成条件、成灾过程以及对城镇重建居民点的危害特点,进而提出灾害防治措施,为灾后城镇建设防灾减灾提供参考建议。     

Lead adsorption capacities of different components in natural surface coatings

Pb adsorption capacities of Fe oxide, Mn oxide and organic materials in natural surface coatings (biofilms and associated minerals) collected in three lakes, two ponds and a river in Jilin Province, China and Cayuga Lake in US were studied. A novel extraction technique was employed to remove one or more component(s) from the surface coatings. Pb adsorption to surface coatings before and after extraction was performed to determine the adsorptive properties of the extracted component(s). The statistical analysis of observed Pb adsorption was carried out using nonlinear least squares fitting (NLSF) to estimate the Pb adsorption capacity of each component of surface coatings. For each body of water, the estimated Pb adsorption capacity of Mn oxide( mol Pb/mol Mn) was significantly higher than that of Fe oxide( mol Pb/ mol Fe). The value of estimated adsorption capacities of organic materials with the unit mol Pb per kg COD was similar to or less than that of Fe oxides with the unit mol Pb per mol Fe. Comparison of components of surface coatings in different waters showed that the estimated Pb adsorption capacities of components in surface coatings developed in different natural waters were different,especially for Mn oxides.     

Characterization of heavy metals in fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerators in Shanghai

This study aims to develop a methodology for analysis of characteristics of heavy metals in MSWI fly ash. It performed analysis of composition of heavy metals, leaching toxicity, leaching behavior as a function of pH, specification distribution and corresponding mineral components of residue derived from each step of the sequential extraction. It is found that content of heavy metals follows the sequence of Zn > Pb > Cu > Cr > As > Ni > Cd approximately Hg in both plants, and that total heavy metals account for less than 1% by mass of fly ash. Major hazardous heavy metals in fly ash are As, Cd, Hg, Pb and Zn, whose leaching ratios exceed the limit value described in hazardous waste identification standard. Measured leaching results of Cu, Pb and Zn are essentially consistent with the simulated results at pH between 0 and 13. Content of calcium-silicates, alumino-silicates and glass phases in residue derived from sequential extraction procedure increases steadily from the first step to the fifth step of the sequential extraction procedure. Cu, As, Cr, Hg, Cd, and Ni, relatively stable under strong basic conditions, can be leached out under strong acidic conditions, while Zn and Pb tend to be leached out under both strong acidic and basic conditions.     

驾驶员心理特征与驾驶安全的关系研究

随着人-车-环境系统复杂性的增加和交通事故数量的上升,新型交通工具对驾驶员的要求随之提高。从人的心理与控制的关系及汽车驾驶员的心理特征出发,具体分析心理各特征因素对驾驶员的影响,在此基础上建立汽车驾驶员安全评价模型,最后提出了在考虑心理因素的前提下提高道路行车安全的具体措施。     

浅析加油站施工现场HSE管理

随着全球经济一体化的加速发展以及信息技术的革命,HSE管理体系已成为世界性的潮流与主题。尤其在我国加入WTO之后,石油化工行业在面临国内市场严峻挑战的同时,还将面临国际市场更加剧烈的冲击。     

大兴安岭地区中小学生人体数据调查与分析

通过对大兴安岭地区中小学生身高调查发现,该地区中小学学生的平均身高要高于《中国卫生统计年鉴》（2008）中同龄青少年的身高平均值,学生视力随年龄增长而下降。因此有必要为学生配备与其身高相匹配的课桌椅。     

实现我国环保产业升级和跨越式发展的对策

本文分析了我国环保产业的现状及存在的问题 ,从环保产业市场的培育、实现环保产业的升级和跨越式发展提出了发展对策的建议