SCADA系统在污染物治污工况在线监控系统中的应用

本文介绍了SCADA系统在内蒙古自治区重点污染源治污工况在线监控系统中的应用,系统以西门子成熟S7—200系列可编程序控制器为在线监测设备,基于OPC（OLE for Process Control）技术,以WINCC为监控平台,实现了自治区内重点污染源企业治污工况的远程监测、污染物排放的有效管理。     

我国农村经济发展现状与环境治理的相关问题探讨

目前,随着我国农村经济的高速发展,环境问题也日益突出.如仅重视经济的发展而忽略环境污染问题,必将严重导致一个恶性循环发展链,使经济发展的速度受到不良因素的制约.改革开放以来,中国农村经济得到了较快的发展,农村面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化.但在经济迅速发展的同时,农村的生态环境却在迅速的恶化.如何改变农村现有的经济发展模式,寻求高效、稳定、持续的农村发展模式成为当前重要而紧迫的课题.文章就当前农村经济的发展现状与农村环境污染的防治做相关的探讨.     

含油废水处理技术

概述了含油废水的来源、特点、分类及危害,介绍了含油废水的处理方法的原理、优势及存在的问题,同时简述了各种处理方法的最新研究成果,最后提出了含油废水发展趋势。     

PAS-PDMDAAC复合混凝剂研究

以Al2（SO）4和PDMDAAC为原料进行了无机-有机复合絮凝剂的复合实验研制,确定其制备工艺条件,并对油田现场采集的钻井废水作絮凝沉降实验,所研制的PAS-PDMDAAC复合絮凝剂对COD的去除效率可大大提高.     

火电厂煤尘污染防治主要措施研究

文章通过对火电项目煤尘产生源的分析,根据北方地区社会、经济、环境现状,提出电厂储煤场及输煤系统煤尘的主要防治措施,从而为北方经济欠发达地区火电厂的煤尘污染防治提供一些参考依据,促进环境质量的改善。     

基于均匀分布的滑坡数值模拟参数取值概率研究--以甘肃黑方台黄土滑坡为例

针对数值模拟参数选取主观性强、量化难度大的问题,在高精度无人机地形数据的基础上,通过对11起滑坡案例进行了407组参数反演实验,对结果准确度定量评价后,得到基于Massflow数值软件关键参数λ0的分布范围,进而运用小样本极大似然估计理论,分析区间边界长度对反演精度的影响,最终提出基于均匀分布的参数取值概率模型,并选用案例验证该模型的准确性。结果表明:地形约束会导致反演过程中所需的内聚力减小,反演获得的11组最优λ0的极差和方差分别为0.29、0.01,在置信度为95%下,极大似然法得到区间边界估计长度仅为0.0998,表明参数λ收敛性较好;反演过程中质心滑动距离ψ准确度优于堆积面积重叠率η,在λ0±0.05的范围,参数估计区间内任意值对模拟误差影响较小,评价指标ψ、η与λ0对应案例的相对误差不超过15%;所选案例验证了在置信度为95%下,以反演得到的最优参数区间边界中点构建概率分布函数的可行性和准确性,研究方法可为单体滑坡数值模拟风险评价提供理论支撑。     

对羟基联苯在黄河兰州段底泥上的吸附行为

为研究典型有机污染物在黄河兰州段的吸附规律及影响因素,以黄河兰州段的底泥为供试样品,选择对羟基联苯(phydroxy biphenyl,PHB)为代表性有机污染物,采用批量实验法研究了底泥对PHB的吸附动力学和热力学特征及其影响因素.结果表明,黄河兰州段底泥对PHB吸附动力学的最优模型为准二级动力学模型,吸附热力学过程更符合单分子层吸附的Langmuir等温吸附模型(R20.974),在25~45℃温度范围内,PHB在黄河兰州段底泥上的吸附平均自由能(E)在0.913~1.00 k J·mol~(-1)之间,吸附过程中,ΔGθ和ΔHθ均小于0,ΔSθ均大于0,表明黄河兰州段底泥对PHB的吸附过程主要是物理吸附,属于自发放热过程且体系的混乱度是增加的.分析黄河兰州段底泥对PHB吸附影响因素的结果表明,粒径越小,黄河底泥对PHB的吸附量越大;PHB的初始质量浓度越高,黄河底泥对PHB的吸附量越大;当p H在4.23~7.00之间时,吸附量随pH升高而缓慢下降,当pH7.00时,吸附量随pH升高急剧下降,且在pH=10.3附近,吸附量几乎为零;体系中离子强度增大,PHB吸附量增大,但当离子强度到一定值时,由于竞争吸附作用,会抑制底泥对PHB的吸附,造成吸附量的下降.     

Expression of sulfur uptake assimilation-related genes in response to cadmium, bensulfuron-methyl and their co-contamination in rice roots

The responses of sulfur （S） uptake assimilation-related genes＇ expression in roots of two rice cultivars to cadmium （Cd）, bensulfuron-methyl （BSM） and their co-contamination （Cd＋BSM） were investigated by gene-chip microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR （QRT-PCR） technology. Treatments of Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of sulfate transporter and permease genes, and promoted sulfate uptake in rice roots. Cd＋BSM could alleviate Cd toxicity to cv. Fengmeizhan seedlings, probably due to Cd＋BSM promoting greater S absorption by seedlings. Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of sulfate assimilation-related genes, and thus activated the sulfur assimilation pathway. Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of phytochelatin synthase and metallothionein genes, and induced expression of glutathione S-transferases （GSTs）, glutathione synthase （GS） and S- containing antioxidation enzyme genes, which detoxified Cd2＋. It is suggested that （to cope with the toxicity of Cd, BSM and their co-contamination） the S uptake and assimilation pathway was activated in rice roots by increased expression of related genes, thus enhancing the supply of organic S for synthesis of Cd or BSM resistance-related substances.     

Debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether by organo-montmorillonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron：Preparation, characterization and influence factors

An organo-montmorillonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron material(M-NZVI) was synthesized to degrade decabromodiphenyl ether(BDE-209). The results showed that nanoscale zero-valent iron had good dispersion on organo-montmorillonite and was present as a core-shell structure with a particle size range of nanoscale iron between 30–90 nm, characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XRF, ICP-AES, and XPS. The results of the degradation of BDE-209 by M-NZVI showed that the efficiency of M-NZVI in removing BDE-209 was much higher than that of NZVI. The efficiency of M-NZVI in removing BDE-209 decreased as the pH and the initial dissolved oxygen content of the reaction solution increased, but increased as the proportion of water in the reaction solution increased.     

Removal of phosphate from wastewater using alkaline residue

Alkaline residue(AR) was found to be an efficient adsorbent for phosphate removal from wastewater. The kinetic and equilibrium of phosphate removal were investigated to evaluate the performance of modified alkaline residue. After treatment by NaOH(AR-NaOH), removal performance was significantly improved, while removal performance was almost completely lost after treatment by HCl(AR-HCl). The kinetics of the removal process by all adsorbents was well characterized by the pseudo second-order model. The Langmuir model exhibited the best correlation for AR-HCl, while AR was effectively described by Freundlich model. Both models were well fitted to AR-NaOH. The maximum adsorption capacities calculated from Langmuir equation were in following manner: AR-NaOH AR AR-HCl. Phosphate removal by alkaline residue was pH dependent process. Mechanisms for phosphate removal mainly involved adsorption and precipitation, varied with equilibrium pH of solution. For AR-HCl, the acid equilibrium pH( 6.0) was unfavorable for the formation of Ca-P precipitate, with adsorption as the key mechanism for phosphate removal. In contrast, for AR and ARNaOH, precipitation was the dominant mechanism for phosphate removal, due to the incrase on pH( 8.0) after phosphate removal. The results of both XRD and SEM analysis confirmed CaHPO4·2H2O formation after phosphate removal by AR and AR-NaOH.