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731.
初步研制的汞蒸汽被动式检气管是建立在气体分子扩散和化学吸收原理基础上的,新制备的碘化亚铜沉淀和乙醇、甘油、硝酸混合、研碎,伴入经活化的层析硅胶,填充到检气管中,当汞蒸气进入管内时,发生显色反应,检气管显色长度的平方与汞蒸汽浓度及采样时间的乘积成线性关系,检测下限为0.001ug/mL(1h)。该法集采样与分析于一体,结构简单,不需动力,便于携带,操作方便,实验室模拟运用,其灵敏度和标准偏差令人满意。 相似文献
732.
小海湾沉积物中有机氯农药的浓度水平和分布特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用GC/ECD法测定了小海地区上下层沉积物中17种有机氯农药的浓度水平和分布特征.结果表明:小海湾上层OCPs含量明显高于下层,且大致呈现由内湾至人海口先增后减的分布特征,入海口处含量的突增可能与泻湖的特殊地理构造有关;DDTs类有机氯农药在内湾的降解程度明显强于人海口地区,α-HCH/γ-HCH比值均处于0~4之间,认为沉积物中HCHs来源于林丹和工业HCH;DDTs含量水平低于厦门湾海域、澳门河口等经济发达地区,高于泉州湾、莱州湾等半敞口型海湾;HCHs含量远低于厦门湾、泉州湾及莱州湾. 相似文献
733.
Assessment of groundwater vulnerability in the Yinchuan Plain,Northwest China using OREADIC 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Groundwater vulnerability assessments provide a measure of the sensitivity of groundwater quality to an imposed contaminant
load and are globally recognized as an essential element of all aquifer management and protection plans. In this paper, the
vulnerability of groundwaters underlying the Yinchuan Plain of Northwest China is determined using OREADIC, a GIS-based assessment
tool that incorporates the key characteristics of the universally popular DRASTIC approach to vulnerability assessment but
has been modified to consider important additional hydrogeological factors that are specific to the region. The results show
that areas of high vulnerability are distributed mainly around Qingtongxia City, Wuzhong City, Lingwu City, and Yongning County
and are associated with high rates of aquifer recharge, shallow depths to the water table, and highly permeable aquifer materials.
The presence of elevated NO3− in the high vulnerability areas endorses the OREADIC approach. The vulnerability maps developed in this study have become
valuable tools for environmental planning in the region and will be used for predictive management of the groundwater resource. 相似文献
734.
Anthropogenic pollution and variability of manganese in alluvial sediments of the Yellow River,Ningxia, northwest China 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Peiyue Li Hui Qian Ken W. F. Howard Jianhua Wu Xinsheng Lyu 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(3):1385-1398
Heavy metal pollution of sediments is a global concern and can be a serious problem in heavily industrialized parts of the world. Pollution by manganese is particularly common due to its ubiquitous natural occurrence, ease of mobilization, and extensive association with industry. In Ningxia, China, manganese pollution of Yellow River alluvial sediments was assessed by comparing manganese concentrations in 35 sediment samples with background values derived from similar sediments obtained at sites considered remote from potential sources of contamination. Natural background values of manganese were found to range from 192 to 323 mg/kg for surface sediments, and from 220 to 325 and 283 to 394 mg/kg for subsurface sediments at depths of 45–50 and 95–100 cm, respectively. In the study area, manganese content ranged from 565 to 1,363 mg/kg, indicating anthropogenic pollution extending to a depth of at least 1 m in the study area. All 35 samples were found to exceed the threshold effect concentration (TEC) of 460 mg/kg, below which adverse effects on sediment-dwelling organisms are not expected to occur, and one sample (T12) was found to exceed the probable effect concentration (PEC) of 1,100 mg/kg. PEC defines the threshold above which adverse effects are likely to be observed. Variogram analysis of the surface sediment manganese data revealed adherence to a Gaussian model, and ordinary kriging was used to generate a manganese distribution map. Analysis of the high nugget effect ratio indicates high, small-scale variations that are consistent with potential emissions from an adjacent electrolytic manganese plant. 相似文献
735.
Yu Wan Xiaohong Ruan Xinguang Wang Qian Ma Xiaoming Lu 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(10):6061-6081
The odour emission characteristics of 22 recreational rivers in Nanjing were investigated and analysed. Eight odorous compounds (ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon disulphide (CS2), nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2), aniline (C6H5NH2), dimethylamine (C2H7N), and formaldehyde (HCHO)) were measured in odour emission samples collected using a custom-made emission flux hood chamber. The results showed that all odorants were detected in all monitoring rivers. NH3 was the main odorant, with emission rates ranging from 4.86 to 15.13 μg/min m2. The total odour emission rate of the Nan River, at 1 427.07 OU/s, was the highest of the all investigated rivers. H2S, NH3 and nitrobenzene were three key odour emission contributors according to their contributions to the total odour emission. A correlation analysis of the pollutants showed there was a significant positive correlation between the emission rate of NH3 and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH4 +-N) and total nitrogen (TN). The H2S and SO2 emission rates had a significant positive correlation with sulphides (S2?) and available sulphur (AS) in the water and sediment. The content of TN, NH4 +-N, S2? and AS in the water and sediment affected the concentration of H2S, SO2 and NH3 in the emission gases. NH4 +-N, S2? and AS are suggested as the key odour control indexes for reducing odours emitted from these recreational rivers. The study provides useful information for effective pollution control, especially for odour emission control for the recreational rivers of the city. It also provides a demonstrate example to show how to monitor and assess a contaminated river when odour emission and its control need to be focused on. 相似文献
736.
737.
A Superiority-Inferiority-Based Inexact Fuzzy Stochastic Programming Approach for Solid Waste Management Under Uncertainty 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A superiority–inferiority-based inexact fuzzy stochastic programming (SI-IFSP) model was developed for planning municipal
solid waste management systems under uncertainty. The SI-IFSP approach represents a new attempt to tackle multiple uncertainties
in objective function coefficients which are beyond the capabilities of existing inexact programming methods. Through introducing
the concept of fuzzy random boundary interval, SI-IFSP is capable of reflecting multiple uncertainties (i.e., interval values,
fuzzy sets, probability distributions, and their combinations) in both the objective function and constraints, leading to
enhanced system robustness. The developed SI-IFSP method was applied to a case study of long-term municipal solid waste management.
Useful solutions were generated. A number of decision alternatives could be generated based on projected applicable conditions,
reflecting the compromise between system optimality and reliability as well as the tradeoffs between economic and environmental
objectives. Moreover, the consequences of system violations could be quantified through introducing a set of economic penalties,
reflecting the relationships between system costs and constraint violation risks. The results suggest that the proposed SI-IFSP
method can explicitly address complexities in municipal solid waste management systems and is applicable to practical waste
management problems. 相似文献
738.
通过典型空气质量自动监测站PM10滤纸(结合气固相分配模拟)和传统大流量大气采样仪的比对试验,探讨了基于空气质量自动监测站PM10滤纸的新型大气二英监测技术的可行性。研究表明,基于空气质量自动监测站PM10滤纸的大气固相二英毒性当量浓度和指纹特征与传统大流量大气监测技术的监测结果具有很好的可比性;基于空气质量自动监测站PM10滤纸气固相分配模拟(利用Harner-Bidleman模型)的大气二英毒性当量浓度和指纹特征与传统大流量大气监测技术的监测结果具有很好的可比性。与传统大流量大气监测技术相比,基于空气质量自动监测站PM10滤纸的新型大气二英监测技术可以利用现有的大气自动监测网络和气固相分配模型,具有采样成本低、代表性强和易于普及等优点,适合不同区域尺度大气二英的长期同步监测。 相似文献
739.
宁波市环境空气中VOCs污染状况及变化趋势分析 总被引:7,自引:4,他引:3
基于近7年来的连续监测数据,对宁波市环境空气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的污染状况及变化趋势进行了初步分析。研究表明:在宁波市环境空气中检测出94种VOCs,其主要成分是饱和烷烃、芳烃、烯烃、卤代烃、卤代芳烃、含氧有机物等,有37种属有毒有害物质,其中苯系物含量最高;宁波市环境空气中苯系物的污染程度与国内外城市基本处于同一水平,近年来的污染状况变化不大,没有明显恶化;空间分布特征显示一类保护区VOCs的排放以天然源为主,二类各功能区VOCs的排放由天然源和局部人为污染源共同形成,三类区以工业污染源排放为主;时间变化趋势显示VOCs在冬季和春季的平均浓度比其他季节高,VOCs的日变化基本呈现2个主浓度峰值特征,跟城市交通流量变化具有很好相关性。 相似文献
740.