某输油泵房冷却水罐闪爆事故分析

1 事故经过 2009年5月1日9时许,某输油站接到调度通知要开输汕泵。为做好启动输油泵准备,先行启动输油泵冷却水循环系统（见图1）,当水泵启动约1min后,一声巨响,水泵周围腾起少许灰尘样的烟雾,同时还发现泵出口管路上的压力表指针被震落（见图2）,     

论公众参与环境影响评价制度

概述了环境影响评价制度的涵义,分析了传统公众参与环境影响评价制度的缺失,并提出解决机制缺失的对策,尤其强调工业生态学理念的重要性。环境评价与环境公共政策的有机结合对于环境影响评价制度的完善有着较强的理论可操作性与实践意义.     

清洁生产审核在机械制造企业中的应用

清洁生产是企业实现可持续发展战略的必由之路,企业清洁生产审核是企业实施清洁生产的重要内容和有效工具。本文在对某机械制造企业进行清洁生产审核中,针对行业特点,结合企业自身情况,组织实施了3个中／高费方案和18无／低费方案,已实施方案每年可节电79．7万度,节约柴油10．1吨,节约工时费25．0万元,燃气费1．0万元,产生效益93．2万元,取得了良好的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益。     

低碳经济的消费行为研究述评与政策启示

文章认为目前我国低碳经济推进过程中缺乏对作为市场主体的消费者的可持续消费行为关键动因和决策机制的细致探索。本文在对国际上可持续消费行为影响因素模型研究成果进行评述的基础上,提出了以上研究对于支撑我国低碳经济发展的可持续消费的政策启示。     

Biosorption of Cr(III) from aqueous solution by freeze-dried activated sludge: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Batch biosorption experiments were conducted to remove Cr(III) from aqueous solutions using activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant. An investigation was conducted on the effects of the initial pH, contact time, temperature, and initial Cr(III) concentration in the biosorption process. The results revealed that the activated sludge exhibited the highest Cr(III) uptake capacity (120 mg·g⁻¹) at 45°C, initial pH of 4, and initial Cr(III) concentration of 100 mg·L⁻¹. The biosorption results obtained at various temperatures showed that the biosorption pattern accurately followed the Langmuir model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters, ΔGo° ( − 0.8–4.58 kJ·mol⁻¹), ΔH° (15.6–44.4 kJ·mol⁻¹), and ΔS° (0.06–0.15 kJ·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹) clearly indicated that the biosorption process was feasible, spontaneous, endothermic, and physical. The pseudo first-order and second-order kinetic models were adopted to describe the experimental data, which revealed that the Cr(III) biosorption process conformed to the second-order rate expression and the biosorption rate constants decreased with increasing Cr (III) concentration. The analysis of the values of biosorption activation energy (E _a = −7 kJ·mol⁻¹) and the intraparticle diffusion model demonstrated that Cr(III) biosorption was film-diffusion-controlled.     

酸化污泥膨润土颗粒对染料活性翠蓝的脱色研究

以污泥和膨润土为原料,硫酸为酸化剂制备了酸化污泥膨润土颗粒.对制得的样品进行了比表面积和SEM等表征,并用于染料活性翠蓝的脱色.考察了pH值、投加量、反应时间和反应温度的影响,并进行了方程的拟合,计算了热力学参数(ΔH⁰、ΔS⁰、ΔG)和吸附活化能E_a.结果表明,酸化污泥膨润土颗粒对活性翠蓝的吸附量随温度和初始浓度的增加而增大,吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附模型,其吸附动力学更适于伪二级动力学方程所述规律,吸附速率大小为313　K>303　K>293　K;吸附活化能较低,为5.52 kJ·mol^-1,说明吸附过程以物理吸附为主.同时ΔH⁰>TΔS⁰和ΔG>0表明整个吸附过程活化焓的影响大于活化熵,且属于非自发反应.     

RIP-N模型对官厅水库库滨带去氮效应的流域尺度模拟分析

以官厅水库库滨带为研究对象,构建适用于流域尺度岸边带去氮负荷估算的生态水文模型——RIP-N(Riparian-Nitrogen)模型,对官厅水库库滨带2007年3~9月间岸边带去氮效应进行分析.同时,在延庆水保站开展田间尺度的野外模拟实验,结合室内外试验分析和以往研究成果,对模型模拟结果进行验证.RIP-N模型包括土壤化学过程模拟和植物生长过程模拟.前者包括土壤反硝化模拟、硝化模拟和氨挥发模拟;后者包括植物净第一性生产力(net primary productivity,NPP)模拟、植物生产力分配模拟和植物营养元素吸收模拟.结果表明:①RIP-N模型模拟值与实验值的决定系数大于0.5,证明该模型在空间尺度模拟上的有效性及模拟结果的可靠性;②模型模拟结果表明官厅水库库滨带流域3~9月对N的总去除量为5.91×103t;③RIP-N模型对官厅水库库滨带去氮环境效益分析表明,当前库滨带土地利用格局中,滩地、林地和草地是去污效果较好的土地利用类型,3~9月对流域的去N量占流域总去N量的76.5%,在非点源污染防治中起到"汇"的作用;但是研究区中专属湿地的"汇"作用表现不明显,3~9月去N量仅占流域总去N量的5.9...     

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inoculation on arsenic (As) accumulation by tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

under As stress, proper mechanisms are employed by AM fungi to protect tobacco against As uptake. Results confirm that AM fungi can play an important role in food quality and safety.     

基于生产者责任延伸制的废旧电池回收模式研究

为了保护环境和循环利用资源,废旧电池回收问题已经引起社会各方面的广泛关注。文章分析了我国废旧电池的回收现状,借鉴国外的经验,提出了我国废旧电池的回收模式——即生产者责任延伸制下的回收模式,运用数学模型进行比较分析,得出生产者负责回收的模式具有明显优势。     

Life cycle assessment of an industrial symbiosis based on energy recovery from dried sludge and used oil

Recovering energy from wastes is a useful strategy for integrated waste and energy management in an eco-industrial park (EIP) and gives promising reduction of wastes, total energy consumption and operation cost. In Jinqiao EIP, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, an industrial symbiosis, based on the energy recovery from municipal sewage sludge and re-refined oil, was proposed in the central heat-supplying company of Jinqiao EIP. It is expected that hot off-gas or part of the steam from the central heat-supplying company could be used for sludge drying and used oil re-refining while the dried sludge and refined oil can be partial substitution for fossil fuel. For the purpose of assessing the environmental performance of this industrial symbiosis, life cycle assessment (LCA) was used and different scenarios were set up in this study to evaluate the Global warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), Eutrophication Potential (EP), Human toxicity air (HTA) and Total Environmental Impact Potential (TEIP) of the system. Results indicate that when the substitute ratio of coal by sludge is 14%, the proposed industrial symbiosis has the least environmental impact. Compared with the current situation (sludge is landfilled), co-combustion of dried sludge and re-refined oil with coal at optimal scale will release less CO₂, CH₄, NO_x, N₂O and CO, but more SO₂, H₂S, NH₃, HCl, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and heavy metals.