Ultrasonic preparation of nano-nickel/activated carbon composite using spent electroless nickel plating bath and application in degradation of 2,6-dichlorophenol

Ni was effectively recovered from spent electroless nickel （EN） plating baths by forming a nano-nickel coated activated carbon composite. With the aid of ultrasonication, melamine- formaldehyde-tetraoxalyl-ethylenediamine chelating resins were grafted on activated carbon （MFT/AG）. PdC12 sol was adsorbed on MFT/AC, which was then immersed in spent electroless nickel plating bath; then nano-nickel could be reduced by ascorbic acid to form a nano-nickel coating on the activated carbon composite （Ni/AC） in situ. The materials present were carefully examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electro- chemistry techniques. The resins were well distributed on the inside and outside surfaces of activated carbon with a size of 120 ± 30 nm in MFT/AC, and a great deal of nano-nickel particles were evenly deposited with a size of 3.8 ± 1.1 nm in Ni/MFT. Moreover, Ni/AC was successfully used as a catalyst for ultrasonic degradation of 2.6-dichloronhenol.     

大气颗粒物手工比对监测体系滤膜称量质控技术探讨

健全大气颗粒物手工比对监测体系是"十三五"环境空气自动监测质量管理的一项重点任务,其中颗粒物滤膜的称量直接影响手工监测数据质量。研究调研了国内各级环保部门所属环境监测机构颗粒物滤膜称量工作情况,结合国内外方法标准、技术规范等,重点探讨了称量实验室环境、称量设备、称量影响因素等滤膜称量质控要点,并针对环境管理与监测需求对大气颗粒物手工比对监测滤膜称量质控提出建议。     

Effects of nicotinamide and riboflavin on the biodesulfurization activity of dibenzothiophene by Rhodococcus erythropolis USTB-03

Rhodococcus erythropolis USTB-03 is a promising bacterial strain for the biodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) via a sulfurspecific pathway in which DBT is converted to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2HBP) as an end product. The effects of nicotinamide and riboflavin on the sulfur specific activity (SA) of DBT biodesulfurization by R. erythropolis USTB-03 were investigated. Both nicotinamide and riboflavin were found to enhance the expression of SA, which was not previously reported. When R. erythropolis USTB-03 was grown on a medium containing nicotinamide of 10. 0 mmol or riboflavin of 50. 0 μnol, SA was raised from 68. 0 or so to more than 130 mmol 2HBP/(kg dry cells. h). When R. erythropolis USTB-03 was grown in the presence of both nicotinamide of 5. 0 mmol and riboflavin of 25. 0 μmol, SA was further increased to 159. 0 mmol 2HBP/(kg dry cells. h). It is suggested that the biological synthesis of reduced form of flavin mononucleotide (FMNH2), an essential coenzyme for the activities of biodesulfurization enzyme Dsz C and A, might be enhanced by nicotinamide and riboflavin, which was responsible for the increased SA of R. erythropolis USTB-03.     

江苏省水质全要素代表性监测体系的设计

为了评价并进行城市水环境质量考核排名,介绍了江苏省组织开展涵盖地表水、饮用水、地下水、近岸海域和城市内河5种类型"全要素、代表性"水质监测断面(点位)体系建设工作的情况以及全要素断面设置的基本原则和做法。分苏南、苏北、苏中3个区域,对全省地表水监测代表性进行了量化计算,结果表明,调整后全省水质综合指数极差从41.07降至7.17,标准差从3.16降为0.49;采用德尔斐层次分析法分析,设计了水质代表性指数,含1项一级指标、5项二级指标、12项三级指标,计算表明,调整前全省水质代表性指数得分为69.1分,调整后为88.7分。将调整结果进行论证后再与各市环保主管部门交换意见,取得最终一致后正式实施。     

“十四五”农村环境质量监测体系研究

介绍了国内外农村环境质量监测的发展历程和现状,总结了现行农村环境质量监测体系在体制机制、技术体系、应用支撑和数据共享等方面存在的主要问题,分析了"十四五"期间农村环境质量监测面临的挑战和机遇,指出"十四五"是农村生态环境保护的关键期、攻坚期和窗口期。根据环境管理对农业农村工作的新要求,构建了包括村庄、区域和流域3个层次及涵盖空气、地表水、饮用水、土壤、生态、污染点源和面源等监测内容的"十四五"农村环境质量监测体系,并提出了相应的保障措施,以期为我国农村生态环境保护提供更有力的技术支撑。     

大学校园的生态足迹探究

生态足迹分析法是评价绿色校园建设水平较好的指标之一,能定量揭示学校的生态状况,本文结合黑龙江科技学院的校园状况,简要介绍生态足迹成分法的原理和计算分析方法.研究结果表明,黑龙江科技学院2005年总生态足迹为18410.53 hm2,即需要18410.53 hm2生态生产性土地来支持学校的各类消费以及吸纳废弃物;人均生态足迹为0.94 hm2/人,与全国人均生态足迹1.5 hm2相比较,学校的生态状况比较乐观.     

红树林湿地植物中Pd的累积特征

铂族元素(PGEs)中的钯(Pd)作为汽车尾气催化转换器(VECs)的催化剂被广泛应用,Pd在世界各国环境中的含量水平迅速增长,并进入食物链,其潜在威胁日益增大。本文以海南省东寨港红树林湿地为研究区,采集红树植物和沉积物样品,利用微波消解、ICP-MS测定其中的Pd。研究表明,在水平维度上,红树植物叶Pd的含量沿河口到外海方向呈现出递减趋势,说明了Pd的陆源性输入;沿光滩到林内方向,呈现出林内光滩林缘的特点。在垂直维度上,红树植物叶Pd的含量呈底部向顶部递减。相对于茎,红树植物叶Pd的含量明显偏低,说明红树植物主要通过根部从沉积物中吸收Pd并累积。对于不同年龄阶段的红树植物,茎Pd的含量为成熟幼龄老龄,叶Pd的含量为老龄成熟幼龄。红树植物叶Pd的含量季节变化明显,干季高于湿季。相对于国内外植物,东寨港红树植物Pd的含量属较低水平。本研究有助于阐明红树林湿地植物Pd的累积特征,同时对于红树林湿地的环境保护具有重要的科学意义。     

2005—2015年中国及境内典型城市群甲醛柱浓度时空变化及影响因子分析

基于2005—2015年OMI反演的甲醛柱浓度月均数据,对中国及境内典型城市群甲醛柱浓度时空变化及影响因子进行了分析.结果发现,甲醛柱浓度高值区集中在京津冀中南部、山东西部、河南北部、江浙沪、珠三角、湖北东部、湖南东部、广西、四川与重庆交界.2005—2015年中国甲醛柱浓度总体呈上升趋势,其中,京津冀地区增长趋势最明显,江浙沪地区呈略微下降趋势.中国、京津冀及江浙沪地区夏季甲醛柱浓度明显高于其余3个季节,呈明显的周期性变化;2005—2015年中国4个季节甲醛柱浓度均呈增加趋势,京津冀地区除夏季外其余3个季节也呈增加趋势,江浙沪和珠三角地区各季节甲醛柱浓度变化趋势不一致.近11年,中国、京津冀和江浙沪地区7月甲醛柱浓度最高,珠三角地区9月甲醛柱浓度最高.京津冀和江浙沪地区甲醛柱浓度月最高值和月最低值之间的差异大于珠三角地区.中国、京津冀、江浙沪和珠三角地区近11年秸秆焚烧与相应甲醛柱浓度呈明显正相关,相关系数为0.84~1.00,表明秸秆焚烧是影响近11年甲醛柱浓度变化的重要因子.尽管有些区域季节温度与相应甲醛柱浓度呈负相关,但温度总体也是影响中国及这3个典型城市群甲醛柱浓度变化的另一个重要因子,京津冀地区尤其明显.月平均温度与相应甲醛柱浓度的相关系数为0.52~0.85.人口、民用汽车保有量和国内生产总值与中国、京津冀、江浙沪和珠三角地区相应甲醛柱浓度相关系数均低于0.60.影响因子分析结果暗示控制秸秆焚烧和减少温室效应是降低我国甲醛柱浓度的重要途径.     

聚乙烯和页岩陶粒对污泥厌氧发酵产酸的影响

研究了两种廉价的常用填料聚乙烯（PE）和页岩陶粒（SC）对污泥厌氧发酵产酸的影响.结果表明,PE和SC的加入促进了污泥颗粒的分解和溶胞,总短链脂肪酸（TSCFAs）的浓度分别是对照组的1.2和1.1倍.PE和SC组挥发性固体（VS）的降解率（29.7%和29.1%）高于对照组（24.9%）,这是造成两组高SCFAs浓度维持较长时间的主要原因.高通量测序结果表明,PE和SC的加入使合成SCFAs的变形菌门（Proteobacteria）的相对丰度增加,而利用SCFAs的厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）的相对丰度则减少,说明合适的填料促进SCFAs产生的方式可能与产酸微生物种类的富集有关.     

Estimation of Human Norovirus Infectivity from Environmental Water Samples by In Situ Capture RT-qPCR Method

Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are highly infectious viruses for which water is an important medium of transmission. In this study, we explored a new in situ capture RT-qPCR (ISC-RT-qPCR) methodology to estimate the infectivity of HuNoV in environmental water samples. This assay was based on capturing encapsidated HuNoV by viral receptors, followed by in situ amplification of the captured viral genomes by RT-qPCR. We demonstrated that the ISC-RT-qPCR did not capture and enable signal amplification of heat-denatured Tulane Virus (TV) and HuNoVs. We further demonstrated that the sensitivity of ISC-RT-qPCR was equal or better than that of conventional RT-qPCR procedures for the detection of HuNoV GI and GII. We then utilized the ISC-RT-qPCR to detect HuNoV in environmental water samples for comparison against that from a conventional RT-qPCR procedure. TV was used as a process control virus. While complete inhibition of TV genomic signal was observed in 27% of samples tested by RT-qPCR, no inhibition of TV genomic signal was observed by ISC-RT-qPCR. From 72 samples tested positive for HuNoV GI signal by RT-qPCR, only 20 (27.8%) of these samples tested positive by ISC-RT-qPCR, suggesting that 72.2% of RT-qPCR-positive samples were unlikely to be infectious. From 16 samples tested positive for HuNoV GII signal by RT-qPCR, only one of these samples tested positive by ISC-RT-qPCR. Five samples that had initially tested negative for HuNoV GII signal by RT-qPCR, was tested as positive by ISC-RT-qPCR. Overall, ISC-RT-qPCR method provided an alternative assay to estimate infectivity of HuNoV in environmental samples.