Male moths undertake both pre- and in-copulation mate choice based on female age and weight

Variation in reproductive potential usually occurs among individuals of both sexes; for example, some individuals may carry more gametes or be able to continue to generate more gametes in their reproductive life than others. Therefore, to maximize their reproductive success, both sexes are expected to show adaptations for mate choice. However, most authors concentrated on how females choose their mates with the belief that females invest more in reproduction than males, and males are generally eager to pair with any female. In this paper, we report our work on a polygamous moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), with special emphasis on male pre- and in-copulation mate choice in relation to the reproductive quality and re-copulation potential of females. We show that in E. kuehniella, younger and heavier females have significantly higher reproductive value than older and lighter ones, and male sperm supply significantly decreases over successive copulations. Males exercise pre-copulation mate choice by selecting females with higher reproductive potential for copulation and in-copulation mate choice by allocating more sperm to females with higher reproductive potential. However, high-quality females are more likely to re-copulate than low-quality ones, and allocation of more sperm to females by males does not increase female reproductive outputs. It is suggested that the allocation of more sperm to high-quality females functions to increase sperm competitiveness against rivals.     

Biotoxicity and bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds solubilized in nonionic surfactant micelle phase and cloud point system

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A recent work has shown that hydrophobic organic compounds solubilized in the micelle phase of some nonionic surfactants present substrate toxicity to...     

反应位移法中地基弹簧刚度系数求解方法对比研究∗

反应位移法是目前地下结构抗震设计中应用最为广泛的简化方法之一,其中的一个关键参数是结构周围弹簧刚度系数。基于《城市轨道交通结构抗震设计规范》(GB 50909—2014)中简化的静力有限元法,进行了不同加载形式的静力有限元刚度法和柔度法计算弹簧刚度系数,将其计算结果应用于反应位移法与严格的动力时程计算结果进行对比研究。结果表明:不论静力有限元刚度法还是柔度法,除水平竖直加载方式外,其余的加载方式确定的地基弹簧系数对反应位移法计算的结构变形及内力影响较小。考虑计算次数,可以采用刚度法和柔度法中的径向切向和径向环向一次加载方式对静力有限元法进行简化计算。     

上海港区船舶防污漆中Irgarol 1051的环境风险评价

Irgarol 1051是一种常用于船舶防污漆的杀生活性物质。为了评价船舶防污漆杀生活性物质Irgarol 1051的海洋环境风险,根据ISO 13073-1的评价原则和程序,对其进行环境危害评价、环境暴露评价和风险表征。通过对公共数据库的文献检索获取数据,从理化性质、环境行为、生态毒性3个方面评价Irgarol 1051的环境危害。采用评估因子法计算Irgarol 1051的预测无效应浓度(PNEC)。采用质量守恒法计算Irgarol 1051在海水中的释放率,通过MAMPEC v3.0模型推导上海洋山深水港的集装箱船区、码头、航道等暴露场景的预测环境浓度(PEC)。经过比较上述暴露场景的风险商值(PEC/PNEC)发现,港口的海水相风险商值大于1,Irgarol 1051的环境风险需要关注。     

综合危险性指数法在泰山区地质灾害易发区划分中的应用

地质灾害易发区划分是进行地质灾害防治的基础工作。针对泰安市泰山区地质灾害分布特点,进行区内地质环境特征和危险性分析以及综合危险性指数(含潜在地质灾害强度指数和现状地质灾害强度指数)计算,对区内地质灾害易发程度进行定量评价,将泰山区划分成地质灾害高易发区、中易发区、低易发区和不易发区等4个等级,为今后开展地质灾害防治提供依据。     

两种国标方法测定大气中二氧化硫的比较研究

国标方法中环境空气中二氧化硫的测定方法主要有甲醛吸收-副玫瑰苯胺分光光度法和四氯汞盐吸收-副玫瑰苯胺分光光度法.对国标方法中两种副玫瑰苯胺分光光度法测定环境空气中二氧化硫所用的两种吸收液(四氯汞钾、甲醛)的吸收效果及方法的准确性、精密度等条件作了比较试验.结果表明,采用甲醛溶液作吸收液与四氯汞钾溶液作吸收液相比,吸收效果、精密度和准确度更好,测定的检出限低.用甲醛溶液做吸收液,除了上述优点外,还可避免使用大量的汞盐,有利于环境保护.     

过硫酸钾消解-离子色谱法测定地表水中总氮的研究

用国标方法HJ636-2012测定地表水中总氮的过程中,过硫酸钾和氢氧化钠在220 nm对吸光度有干扰.为了消除其影响,建立过硫酸钾消解-离子色谱法测定地表水中总氮的新方法.用碱性过硫酸钾消解,采用离子色谱法测定水中总氮的浓度.总氮校准曲线线性关系良好,线性相关系数r达0.999 0,相对标准偏差(RSD％)为0.67,加标回收率为94.8％～105％,方法检出限为0.01 mg/L.该方法的精密度和准确度都能满足需求,适用于地表水中总氮的测定.     

环境基本公共服务均等化评估指标体系构建与实证

该文在研究环境基本公共服务概念和范围的基础上,根据"压力—状态—响应"(PSR)概念模型框架,构建了环境基本公共服务均等化评估指标体系,选取江苏、湖北、贵州3个省份进行实证评估,分别计算其环境基本公共服务水平分值,并采用基尼系数得出三省均等化差异程度。研究结果表明:2011年,江苏省、湖北省和贵州省的环境基本公共服务水平综合得分分别为66.11分、43.52分和40.40分。江苏省在"压力"维度得分较低,表明源头污染物排放压力突出;湖北省、贵州省在"状态"、"响应"维度得分较低,说明环保资金、机构投入力度不足。指标体系能够对不同区域间的环境基本公共服务均等化水平进行识别和定量评估。建议应进一步从增进指标直接相关性、增进城乡评估适用性和优化评估方法等方面完善指标体系构建和评估方法研究。     

精制棉废水处理技术进展研究

精制棉广泛用于食品、医药、电子和日化等行业,但废水量大,尤其是蒸煮黑液,色度高、COD值高和可生化性差,处理的工艺复杂、处理成本较高,一直是环境工程领域的难点.本文首先介绍了精制棉废水的来源及性质,重点分析和总结了精制棉废水的炉渣和粉煤灰、酸析、电解和高级氧化预处理技术,并对精制棉废水的生物处理技术和工程实践进行了概括总结.针对精制棉废水的来源和性质,对精制棉废水处理技术的发展方向进行了展望.     

Competition gives way to cooperation: rethinking Sino-Indian relations in climate change negotiations

In global climate change politics, China and India have worked closely with each other, representing two big emitters from the developing world. This article reviews Sino-Indian cooperation during four UN climate change negotiations from 2009 to 2012. Their collaboration echoed the perception of neorealism in international relations (IR) studies that states will seek “external balancing” for maximizing national “relative gains”. China and India are expected to continue their cooperation on climate change issues when sharing the same structural position as big economies and big emitters, the same pressure in carbon emission reductions, and the same goal of improving living standards for their citizens. Encountering the devastating impacts of climate change and the deadlock in responsibility division in current global climate change governance, this work seeks to shed light on the evolving multilateral governance environment and its complex implications for Sino-Indian relations from an IR perspective.