水解酸化-SBR工艺在食品加工废水处理中的应用

某食品加工厂原有的废水处理厂处理工艺不能满足GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》中一级标准的要求,需要改造,改造采用混凝沉淀-水解酸化-SBR处理工艺。     

Repercussions of COVID-19 pandemic on solid waste generation and management strategies

• Implication of COVID-19 on medical waste and MSW generation is studied. • Challenges and effective strategy of solid waste generation is reviewed. • 2.9 million tons of COVID-19 related medical waste has been generated until Sep. 22. • The pandemic has postponed policies related to the reduction of plastic use. • Blockade resulted in a significant drop in waste generation in some regions. It has been over ten months since the beginning of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-2019), and its impact on solid waste management, especially medical waste, is becoming clearer. This study systematically reviews the potential influences of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical waste, personal protection equipment waste and municipal solid waste (MSW), and discusses the corresponding measures and policies of solid waste management in typical countries. The results show that the generation of medical waste from the pandemic increased significantly, with 18%‒425% growth. It is estimated that the daily output of COVID-19 medical waste increased from 200 t/d on Feb. 22 to over 29000 t/d at the end of September 2020 throughout the world. The use of personal protective equipment will continue to grow in the long-term, while the blockade and isolation measures greatly reduced the volume of commercial waste, especially for tourist cities, and part of this waste was transferred to household waste. Residents’ attitudes and behavior toward food waste have changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to the pandemic, international organizations and several countries have issued new policies and guidelines and adjusted their management strategies for medical waste and MSW treatment. The pandemic has brought specific challenges to the disposal capacity of medical waste worldwide. It has also brought about the stagnation of policies related to the reduction of plastic products and waste recycling. This study will provide some useful information for managers and governmental officials on effective solid waste management during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.     

GIS-Supported Precision Agricultural Fertilization Management at Small Scale

Precision agricultural fertilization technique at small scale is the key for regional cultivated land protection and management. Taking Dingzhuang Town (located in Guangrao County, Shandong Province) as a case study, this article explores the precision agricultural fertilization technique at small scale. First, three main cropping systems are identified via field investigation, namely wheat–maize–soybean, garlic–maize and cotton. Then, application amount of fertilizer N, P and K under the three cropping sys...     

直齿轮成形数值模拟及实验研究

此文针对塑性挤压成形直齿轮时,齿端局部的充角比较困难的问题提出了两种解决方案:一是采取一定的工艺措施,尽量减少单纯为了局部充角而产生的塑性变形;二是制造多向流动的成形环境,使材料的多向流动改变局部充角时的应力状态。为了比较准确的掌握各工艺参数之间的关系,此文采用了上限元法(UBET)对直齿轮的挤压成形过程进行了正-反向模拟并且进行了优化计算。此文用工业纯铅对m=3,Z=18的直齿轮进行了实验。     

盘形件锻造热力耦合分析

热锻过程中温度对成形过程的影响是显著的,了解热锻过程中工模具内温度场的分布对控制锻件的成形是有利的.此文对考虑对模阶段的盘形件热锻过程进行了热力耦合分析,得到了各种变形场量和温度信息,对实际生产有一定的指导作用.     

自动在线监测系统利用软件数据质控有效性研究

自动在线监测设备对排放的污染物进行实时监测,获取真实有效的监测数据。研究自动在线监测设备监测数据质量保证系统是污染源自动在线监控系统科学判断和分析环境问题的前提。软件系统是数据采集、记录和存储、传输、统计分析、自我识别、形成报表和报告的集成,也是监测数据质量保证的有效手段,通过设定“阈值”和“条件”．实现了监测数的自动甄别、纠错和报警。     

南京地区污水厂、自来水厂及长江中抗性基因MCR-1和NDM-1的污染特征

近年来,新型抗性基因以其易传播和耐药广等特性,展现出比传统抗性基因更严峻的健康风险,在临床卫生领域受到广泛关注,但目前对其在环境中的行为和风险研究很少.为此,考察了2种有代表性的新型抗性基因MCR-1和NDM-1的污染特征,并借助荧光定量PCR探索了长江下游（南京段）及附近污水厂和自来水厂中MCR-1和NDM-1的分布特征,进而采用RDA（冗余性分析）评价了分布特征受水质指标的影响效果.结果表明:①污水厂进水中MCR-1和NDM-1绝对丰度较高,且随处理流程呈下降趋势,总去除率分别为92.5%和92.7%,但出水中MCR-1和NDM-1绝对丰度仍分别达2.5×108和7.0×106 copies/L.②长江下游（南京段）各采样点MCR-1和NDM-1绝对丰度的范围分别为8.5×107~3.5×109和4.3×105~2.1×107 copies/L,随水流方向呈降低趋势,但在个别采样点出现异常升高的情况,主要受该区域人为污染的影响.③自来水厂处理工艺对MCR-1和NDM-1去除率分别为75.0%和70.6%,但出水中存留的MCR-1和NDM-1绝对丰度分别达1.4×107和6.3×104 copies/L,且MCR-1和NDM-1在排泥水中大量富集.④MCR-1绝对丰度与ρ（COD_Cr）、ρ（NH₃-N）、电导率呈正相关,而NDM-1绝对丰度仅和浊度存在弱相关关系,与其他水质指标无明显相关性.研究显示,污水处理工艺无法有效去除MCR-1和NDM-1,大量抗性基因通过污水厂出水排入长江,同时自来水厂以含有较高绝对丰度抗性基因的长江水作为水源水,最终自来水厂出水中残存的抗性基因可能进入人体,生态健康风险较大.      

Insights into the effects of Zn exposure on the fate of tylosin resistance genes and dynamics of microbial community during co-composting with tylosin fermentation dregs and swine manure

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Though heavy metals are widely reported to induce antibiotic resistance propagation, how antibiotic resistance changes in response to heavy metal...     

双头犁式拉练皮带小车防尘改造

炼铁厂原料皮带机的防尘一直难以解决。原先采用的Ⅱ型皮带结构在使用中仍出现诸多问题。因此对Ⅱ型皮带结构进行二次改进，增设了双头犁式拉练皮带小车，取得了良好的环保效益和经济效益。     

污泥生物脱毒后土地利用对农作物及土壤环境的影响研究:田间试验

以水稻为实验材料,通过田间小区实验研究了制革污泥在生物脱毒前后以及脱毒污泥和化肥混施对旱作水稻生长和土壤环境的影响.结果表明,原始制革污泥对水稻的生长有明显的抑制作用,产量与对照比较下降了27%;而经脱毒后的污泥对水稻的生长与对照比较有明显的促进作用,分蘖明显,水稻苗期叶绿素含量、生物量(鲜重)和产量分别增加了17.3%、17.96%、16.95%;污泥和化肥混合施用的水稻的产量增加了20%.同时,脱毒后污泥的施用提高了土壤中有机质的含量,增加到29.79%,全N的含量提高了20.00%.但是,施用生物脱毒污泥一个季度后土壤pH有所下降;土壤中的重金属铬有所增加,但仍未超过土壤环境质量一级标准.重金属铬主要富集在水稻根部,籽粒中铬的含量没有超过食品安全的标准.长期施用脱毒污泥要考虑环境安全性问题,即使对于生物沥浸处理后的污泥也最好不施用到进入食物链的农地上,可用在园林绿化等用途上.