Concentrations and characteristics of organochlorine pesticides in aquatic biota from Qiantang River in China

The Qiantang River is a typical river flowing through an agricultural area in China. It was studied in 2006 for its aquatic biota quality by determining 13 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the edible parts of crabs, clams, shrimp, fish, aquatic plants, as well as water and sediments collected from seven sites along its upper reaches all the way downstream. The levels of all insecticides were in the range of 17+/-13 (water plants), 35+/-36 (shrimp), 32+/-14 (crabs), 39+/-21 (clams), 47+/-35 (fish) ng/g wet weight (ww) and in the range of 2936+/-2356 (water plants), 5827+/-6013 (shrimp), 2102+/-966 (crabs), 1859+/-1018 (clams), 3624+/-11331 (fish) ng/g lipid. DDT and its metabolites were the predominant contaminants in most biota. A linear relationship was observed between the log bio-concentration factor (BCF) and log octanol-water partition coefficients (Kow) for fish, clams and shrimp. Composition analyses in various environmental media indicated a recent usage of lindane and dicofol into the river.     

金融创新解决外部性导致环境问题的路径研究

为了更好地解决环境问题,本文从经济增长的角度深入分析了环境问题的来由,负外部性,并探讨了金融创新在解决外部性导致的环境问题上的可能性和一般途径。本文在界定外部性概念和分析经济活动的外部性如何导致环境问题的基础上,探讨了传统的行政手段及公共政策在解决环境问题上的缺陷和不足,并进一步深入研究了外部性问题的内部化及其可行性,最后探讨了运用金融创新实现环境问题的内部化,解决环境问题的可能途径。     

基于一种重塑性制样方法的节理黄土力学特性试验研究∗

黄土节理是控制黄土地基、边坡和地下工程破坏与稳定性的重要因素,探讨节理性黄土的破坏特性对于了解边坡后缘拉裂演化过程、滑动面的生成具有重要意义。针对原状节理性黄土室内试验试样制备困难的问题,考虑节理面低强度、弱胶结的特点,以一种接触面模拟材料为载体,结合重塑制样的方法,提出一种节理性黄土室内三轴试样的制样方法,通过重塑试样与原状试样的节理面抗拉强度对比分析,验证该方法的合理性和有效性。在此基础上,开展节理性黄土的无侧限抗压强度试验和三轴压缩试验,讨论节理性黄土试样的强度与破坏规律。研究结果表明:节理的存在对试样强度和破坏的影响与节理倾角和围压大小有关,表现为低围压和45°倾角时的低强度效应;"沿节理面滑动破坏"与"破裂面与节理面呈X型共轭剪切破坏"是无侧限和三轴条件下的含单条贯通型节理性试样的两种典型破坏模式;非贯通型节理性试样的抗压破坏主要为"破裂面与节理面贯通型破坏"与"破裂面与节理面非贯通型破坏"两种类型。     

莒山煤矿塌陷土地整治及效益分析

在莒山煤矿土地破坏状况调查的基础上,通过对全矿塌陷土地适宜性评价及矿区自然、社会经济条件和上地破坏特点的综合分析,把塌陷地整治方法和利用方式有机地结合起来,提出了整治塌陷地的具体模式,并对不同模式的投入——产出及社会生态效益进行了初步分析,为山西煤矿区塌陷土地的综合整治和土地复垦工程设计提供参考。     

农业非点源氮污染研究进展分析

概述了非点源污染的概念、特征及非点源氮素对水环境的影响,阐述了两种形态的非点源氮素NH+4-N和NO-3-N的迁移机理、流失途径(地表径流和渗漏淋失)及其自然和人为影响因素;非点源污染负荷定量计算的方法,及计算非点源污染负荷模型的发展趋势。提出了控制农田非点源氮素的措施。     

活性炭催化剂上SO2转化活性中心的研究

研究了用不同原料及不同方法制备的活性炭催化剂物化性质变化及其与SO_2转化为SO_3的催化活性的关系。结果表明,催化剂的活性主要取决于其表面性质,而与其孔结构等物理性质无明显关系。XPS和TPD结果认为,催化剂表面上存在有五种数量不等的基团,即(酮基),(烯酮基),其中,含氧基团=C=O为SH_2转化为SO_3的活性中心,可以经改质手段使糠醛渣活性炭上该基团数量增加,从而可提高催化活性。     

新常态下我国商业银行碳金融业务发展对策探究

新常态下发展低碳经济已经成为主要趋势,碳金融将进入快速发展阶段,因此作为重要中介机构的商业银行面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,把握契机开拓碳金融业务发展新进程迫在眉睫。通过对我国商业银行碳金融业务发展现况及存在的系统性、机构性和业务性障碍的分析,结合新常态的经济背景,为我国商业银行发展碳金融业务提供了一些建议。     

Persistent chlorinated pesticides in fish species from Qiantang River in East China

Thirteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in 18 fish species from Qiantang River were firstly determined by GC-ECD. To elucidate the sources and the environment fate of these pollutants, water and sediment samples were also analyzed for OCPs contents. Total concentrations of OCPs in fish muscles ranged from 7.43 to 143.79 ng g(-1) wet weight (ww) with highest concentration recorded in sole fish (Cynoglossus abbreviatus), a benthic carnivore. The results indicated that carnivore fish have higher OCPs concentration than other fish with different feeding modes. OCPs concentration in fish was in the range of 1.86-5.85, 2.65-133.51 and 1.94-12.48 ng g(-1) for HCHs (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-HCH), DDTs (p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDD) and other OCPs (aldrin, diedrin, endrin, heptachlor, heptachlor expoide), respectively. The highest OCPs concentration in fish organs of four big fish species was found in brain of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), 289.26 ng g(-1) ww followed by kidney, liver, heart and gill. Among the OCPs analyzed, DDE, gamma-HCH and heptachlor were the predominant contaminants in fish muscle, which indicated that there was recent input of lindane. Significant correlation was observed between concentrations of DDTs and lipid content as well as between OCPs and lipid contents in fish species. Both field water bioconcentration factors (BCF) and sediment BCF showed a positive correlation with octanol-water partition coefficients (Kow) in the sole fish.     

Climatology and Trends of the Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Sandstorms in Inner Mongolia

The temporal and spatial distribution of sandstorms have been investigated statistically for a period of 40 years (1961–2000),using data from 118 observatories in Inner Mongolia, P.R. of China. In terms of climate variations, the effects of changes in climate(affecting parameters such as precipitation, temperature, ENSO activities, etc.), ecological systems and human behavior on the space-time distribution of sandstorms have been studied. It is shown that in Inner Mongolia nearly all sandstorms occurred inthe central-western region during 1961–2000. Their frequency decreased from the 1960s to the 1990s. The mean annual variationshows that spring is the main sandstorm season, especially April. In view of connection with climate variations, dry and cold periods correspond with a high frequency of sandstorms,wet and warm periods with a low frequency. With respect to thespatial distribution, sandstorms hit preferably dry and warm regions. There are some relations between ENSO activities andthe sandstorm frequency. The sandstorm rate was relatively higher in most of the El Niño years, and in most of the La Niña years the rate was relatively lower.     

固定化微生物技术处理废水

归纳综述了固定化微生物技术在废水处理领域的应用,着重介绍了常用固定化方法、载体的选择、影响因素等3方面的内容。固定化微生物技术处理废水具有效率高、稳定性好、能纯化和保持高效菌种等优点,有广阔的应用前景。实际应用中,能否开发出成本低、寿命长,且能使固定微生物保持较长时间的强度和活度的载体及固定化方法,则是推广该技术的关键。