我国干旱地区甘草草地资源的利用与保护

全世界有甘草13种,我国有8种,沙漠地区常见有5种。我国沙漠地区的甘草种类为甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis)、胀果甘草(Glycyrrhiza inflata)等5种,它们构成各种甘草草地,分布在多种多样的生态环境中,以甘草草地分布最广。 甘草草地可供放牧、割草、采药、农垦、营林等多目标利用,目前它已被广泛进行利用。其中以放牧和采药利用最为广泛。 甘草草地的利用存在着严重的问题,例如:滥挖甘草已使大面积的甘草草地遭到了严重破坏,不适当的农垦已使不少甘草草地成了荒滩和沙化土地,生境旱化已使一些甘草草地明显退化,土壤盐渍化已使得一些甘草草地发育不良以至已被盐生植被所演替。 要使甘草草地这一多目标利用的自然资源能得到水续利用,必须重视土壤和环境的保护,防止土壤风蚀和水蚀,防治土壤盐渍化,预防生态环境旱化,大力种草种树等。     

1株高效BBP降解菌的分离与特性研究

从湖北省荆沙河泥样中富集培养分离得到了1株能够以邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯为唯一碳源和能源生长的细菌并命名为HS-B1.采用形态学、生理生化和16S rDNA序列分析对其进行了鉴定,发现HS-B1是1株杆状、需氧、革兰氏阴性细菌,接触酶呈阳性反应,氧化酶呈阴性反应,不产硫化氢气体,且该菌的16S rDNA序列与琼氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter junii)的相似性高达99%.因此初步鉴定该菌株为不动杆菌(Acinetobacter sp.).摇瓶实验表明,菌株HS-B1生长和BBP降解的最适培养条件为35℃,pH 8.0.采用0.10 mmol.L-1非离子型表面活性剂吐温-80提高了BBP在水溶液中的表观溶解度,发现在最适培养条件下,HS-B1能够在48 h内将浓度为1 000 mg.L-1BBP完全降解,证明是一株高效降解菌.底物广谱性实验中,菌株HS-B1也能够有效利用DMP、DEP、DBP等邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物,说明该菌株在处理邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的污染治理中有独特的应用潜力.     

洞庭湖水系水体环境背景值调查研究

研究方法概述 本研究运用系统工程的理论和方法,进行设计和研究。将流域区的水体(包括水、悬浮物、水生生物、沉积物)地下水、土壤、岩石、降雨和地表迳流作为一个大自然系统;从布     

High mercury leachate containing HgS22 − complex ion: Detoxifying solidification and high efficiency Hg extraction

Clean and efficient treatment of high-mercury leachate produced from remediation of mercury-polluted soil has become a huge challenge for environmental scientists.In this work,cement solidification was firstly adopted to treat the high-concentration mercury leachate,which had high alkalinity.Different mercury concentrations,namely 3.120 mg/L Hg mercury leachate and 9.243 mg/L Hg mercury concentrated leachate,were separately solidified by Portland cement.The results indicated that simply using the cement can properly solidify both the leachates to meet the waste landfill standard,with liquid(mL)/solid(g) ratio(L/S ratio) of4:10–6:10.In order to make full use of mercury in the leachates,a Hg extraction method was subsequently carried out under different experimental parameters,such as temperature and p H value.It was shown that the Hg extraction ratio could reach as high as 99.84% and almost all the mercury in the leachate could be transformed to HgS precipitate;moreover,the Hg concentration in the treated leachate was reduced from 3.120 to 0.005 mg/L at p H 2.98 and 30°C,which was much less than the limit of the national standard,indicating that the leachate had been completely cleaned and could be discharged freely.Hence,simple cement solidification renders high-mercury leachate nontoxic,and the Hg extraction method can successfully recover the Hg and enable the residual leachate to be discharged safely.     

Chemical composition and source apportionment of PM10 and PM2.5 in different functional areas of Lanzhou, China

To elucidate the air pollution characteristics of northern China, airborne PM_10(atmospheric dynamic equivalent diameter ≤ 10 μm) and PM_(2.5)(atmospheric dynamic equivalent diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) were sampled in three different functional areas(Yuzhong County,Xigu District and Chengguan District) of Lanzhou, and their chemical composition(elements, ions, carbonaceous species) was analyzed. The results demonstrated that the highest seasonal mean concentrations of PM_10(369.48 μg/m~3) and PM_(2.5)(295.42 μg/m~3) were detected in Xigu District in the winter, the lowest concentration of PM_(2.5)(53.15 μg/m~3) was observed in Yuzhong District in the fall and PM_10(89.60 μg/m~3) in Xigu District in the fall.The overall average OC/EC(organic carbon/elemental carbon) value was close to the representative OC/EC ratio for coal consumption, implying that the pollution of Lanzhou could be attributed to the burning of coal. The content of SNA(the sum of sulfate, nitrate,ammonium, SNA) in PM_(2.5)in Yuzhong County was generally lower than that at other sites in all seasons. The content of SNA in PM_(2.5)and PM_10 in Yuzhong County was generally lower than that at other sites in all seasons(0.24–0.38), indicating that the conversion ratios from precursors to secondary aerosols in the low concentration area was slower than in the area with high and intense pollutants. Six primary particulate matter sources were chosen based on positive matrix factorization(PMF) analysis, and emissions from dust, secondary aerosols, and coal burning were identified to be the primary sources responsible for the particle pollution in Lanzhou.     

重庆市畜禽粪便及菜田土壤中四环素类抗生素生态风险评价

近年来新型有机污染物抗生素在环境中的残留及对生态环境的风险成为国内外研究的热点.在畜禽养殖业中四环素类抗生素(tetracycline antibiotics,TCs)使用量最大,在畜禽粪便中的残留量也最高.本文采用调查研究结合室内分析,客观评价了重庆市主要大型养殖场畜禽粪便和主要蔬菜基地菜田土壤中3种农用四环素类抗生素[土霉素(OTC)、四环素(TC)和金霉素(CTC)]可能存在的环境生态风险.结果表明, 2014年猪粪和鸡粪中的OTC、TC、CTC和TCs总量(∑TCs)的平均值分别为13.05、 91.81、 62.48、 167.34 mg·kg^-1和4.25、 4.6、 28.55、 37.40 mg·kg^-1.2019年所调查的样品中猪粪和鸡粪中的OTC、TC、CTC和∑TCs平均含量分别为3.39、 4.82、 5.92、 15.95 mg·kg^-1和1.10、 1.35、 4.22、 5.16 mg·kg^-1,相比2014年, 2019年重庆市畜禽粪便中TCs含量有大幅度的下降,TC...     

Biobased Poly(1,3-propylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)-Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites with Enhanced Thermal,Mechanical Properties and Crystallization Behavior

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Biobased poly(1,3-propylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PPF) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanocomposites were prepared by a solution and coagulation method at...     

Optimal recycle price game theory model for second-hand mobile phone recycling

Human societies develop rapidly through the advancement of technology; however, with these advancements, many problems are emerging. The topic chosen for this study surrounds the e-waste, which has become a major problem around the world. Second-hand and unused mobile phones are a big part of globally generated e-waste. If these devices are properly recycled, they can generate substantial economic and resource value. Yet if they are indiscriminately discarded, they cause a profound environmental impact. Given the current low recovery rate of mobile phones, an increase in recovery rates becomes critical in lessening economic and environmental impacts. Based on the status quo of second-hand mobile phone recycling processes in China, this article analyzes the behavior of individuals and recyclers through a comprehensive static information game theory and finds ways to increase the recycling rate of second-hand mobile phones. The study helps the customers, to clearly identify the recycle price. In case of market, the government policy can be introduced with a reward and punishment mechanism. Furthermore, under the ideological guidance of game theory, this paper also establishes a corresponding price model of second-hand mobile phone recycling based on best response dynamics like search, variable neighborhood search, and hybrid meta-heuristic method. This model shows that the recovery time differences have a significant impact on the recovery price. Moreover, to an extent, this model can promote the possibility and initiative of customers choosing cell phone recycling.

     

Occurrence and distribution of antibiotics in coastal water of the Taizhou Bay,China: impacts of industrial activities and marine aquaculture

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The occurrence, spatial distribution, and source analysis of antibiotics in global coastal waters and estuaries are not well documented or understood....     

Exploring the interaction relationship between Beautiful China-SciTech innovation using coupling coordination and predictive analysis: a case study of Zhejiang

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Exploring interaction of Beautiful China and SciTech Innovation is an important way to realize economic transformation and sustainable development in...