煤矿轴流式局部通风机的降噪

煤矿局部通风机（简称局扇）的噪声是煤矿掘进中的主要噪声源。分析了局扇噪声产生的机理。综述了从局扇的噪声源和传播途径上控制噪声的方法，为局扇的降噪提供了有益的参考。     

塑料-活性炭载体浮动床处理炼油废水

采用粘有活性炭粉末的聚丙烯填料为浮动床载体 ,进行了挂膜、载体投加率选择及处理炼油废水的试验研究。结果表明 ,这种混合载体挂膜期短且效果好 ,在载体投加率为 40 % ,HRT为 2h时就可取得很好的去除效果 ,CODcr去除率 >86% ,NH3-N去除率 >68%。     

论环保产业的法律保护

论述了通过法律调控的方式引导环保产业的发展，及建立有利于其发展的经济刺激制度。     

矿业城市的物质代谢分析——以徐州市为例

资源利用与污染治理决定着矿业城市物质代谢效率的高低,对城市的生态建设起着关键作用,是城市能否实现可持续发展的关键所在。本文结合DEA模型和生态效率度量模型,从资源利用和污染治理的角度对徐州市1995年-2007年的物质代谢演变进行了综合评价,并利用分形理论对其进行了分析和预测。结果表明:徐州市物质代谢效率在1995年-2007年期间以5%的年增长率稳步提高,其中资源利用与污染处理能力的年增长率分别为6.4%和4%,与地区生产总值12.7%的年增长率存在较大差距,表明徐州的经济发展依旧是以相当的生态环境影响为代价;在现有的政策条件下,徐州市物质代谢效率将保持稳步增长的态势。文章最后提出资源利用与环境治理协调发展的若干建议,以进一步提高徐州物质代谢效率的增长速度。     

Kinetics and equilibrium of adsorption of dissolved organic matter fractions from secondary effluent by fly ash

Fly ash was used as a low-cost adsorbent for removing dissolved organic matter (DOM) in secondary effluent. Batch experiments were conducted under various adsorbent dosages, pH, contact time, temperatures and DOM fractional characteristics. Under the optimum conditions of fly ash dosage of 15 g/L, temperature of 303 K and contact time of 180 min, a removal of 22.5% of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 23.7% of UV-254, 25.9% of the trihalomethanes precursors in secondary effluent was obtained. The adsorption of DOM fractions onto fly ash all followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model, and the hydrophilic fraction adsorption by fly ash also fitted the intraparticle diffusion model quite well. Freundlich and Langmuir models were applicable to the fly ash adsorption and their constants were evaluated. The maximum adsorption capacities of the adsorptions revealed that fly ash was more effective in adsorbing hydrophilic fraction than the acidic fractions. Structure changes of the DOM fractions after fly ash adsorption were also characterized via spectrum analyzing. Those mechanisms presented critical step toward improved efficiencies of fly ash adsorption via further surface-modification.     

安全生产及合理管理对矿山经济效益的影响

通过分析我国金属矿山安全生产现状及存在的问题,从而提出依靠科学进步和矿山的挖潜改造;安全投入;强化爆破质量管理;提高选矿作业的金属回收率;加强劳动组织,发挥资源优势;开发新的产品;树立市场观念,以市场促生产;金属矿山的条件.     

空气和废气中吡啶检测分析方法研究

研究了用5％乙醇-水溶液作为吸收液,直接进样1μ1,气相色谱仪分析,氢火焰检测器检测分析空气和废气中吡啶,检出限：0．01mg／L;吸收效率：98％;标准偏差：8％;曲线相关性：r=0．9993。均符合该物质便捷、准确、快速的检测要求。     

长径比对卧螺离心机内流场影响的数值模拟

研究用于污泥脱水的卧螺离心机的分离性能,并应用FIUENT软件建立卧螺离心机螺旋流道内污泥流体的两相湍流三维模型。主要研究不同转鼓长径比对卧螺离心机分离性能的影响,间接给出了不同长径比对卧螺离心机分离性能的影响关系图,并得到了该卧螺离心机最佳转鼓长径比的几何尺寸,为进一步研究离心机特性参数对其分离性能的影响和结构优化提供了理论依据。     

Sorption and cosorption of the nonionic herbicide mefenacet and heavy metals on soil and its components

Sorption and cosorption of the nonionic herbicide mefenacet and two typical metals (copper and silver) on black soil and its components (kaolinite and humic acid) were investigated. It was found that because of their different valences and properties, Cu²⁺and Ag⁺ presented different effects on the sorption of mefenacet. Due to the competition of Cu²⁺, along with the shells of dense water formed by its surface complexation, for sorption surface area with mefenacet, the addition of Cu²⁺ decreased the sorption amount of mefenacet on soil and its components, especially on humic acid. However, the addition of Ag⁺ significantly enhanced the sorption of mefenacet, which was attributed to the softness of the cation that weakened the hydrophilicity of the local region around Ag⁺-complexed functionalities, and thus mitigated the competitive sorption of water. In addition, the sorption of mefenacet on soil with or without the two metals was generally decreased with increasing pH, which was caused by the hydrolysis of carbonyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of the sorbents, π-π interaction between mefenacet and the soil organic matter, and so on. On the other hand, the presence of mefenacet seemed to have little effect on the sorption of Cu²⁺ and Ag⁺, indicating that Cu²⁺ and Ag⁺ might be sorbed strongly on the tested sorbents and the mefenacet added was too low in concentration to affect the sorption of the metals.     

Economic feasibility of adapting crop enterprises to future climate change: a case study of flexible scheduling and irrigation for representative farms in Flathead Valley,Montana, USA

Future climate change directly impacts crop agriculture by altering temperature and precipitation regimes, crop yields, crop enterprise net returns, and net farm income. Most previous studies assess the potential impacts of agricultural adaptation to climate change on crop yields. This study attempts to evaluate the potential impacts of crop producers’ adaptation to future climate change on crop yield, crop enterprise net returns, and net farm income in Flathead Valley, Montana, USA. Crop enterprises refer to the combinations of inputs (e.g., land, labor, and capital) and field operations used to produce a crop. Two crop enterprise adaptations are evaluated: flexible scheduling of field operations; and crop irrigation. All crop yields are simulated using the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model. Net farm income is assessed for small and large representative farms and two soils in the study area. Results show that average crop yields in the future period (2006–2050) without adaptation are between 7% and 48% lower than in the historical period (1960–2005). Flexible scheduling of the operations used in crop enterprises does not appear to be an economically efficient form of crop enterprise adaptation because it does not improve crop yields and crop enterprise net returns in the future period. With irrigation, crop yields are generally higher for all crop enterprises and crop enterprise net returns increase for the canola and alfalfa enterprises but decrease for all other assessed crop enterprises relative to no adaptation. Overall, average crop enterprise net return in the future period is 45% lower with than without irrigation. Net farm income decreases for both the large and small representative farms with both flexible scheduling and irrigation. Results indicate that flexible scheduling and irrigation adaptation are unlikely to reduce the potential adverse economic impacts of climate change on crop producers in Montana’s Flathead Valley.