基于遥感影像的厦门市填海造地的进程研究

以1973年、1993年、2001年和2007年4个时相的LandsatMSS／TM／ETM＋影像为数据源,在遥感分析处理软件ErdasImage8．6的支撑下,对厦门市填海造地进程分1973年-1993年、1993年-2001年和2001年-2007年三个时段进行研究。研究表明,三个时段的填海造地规模呈上升趋势,特别是2001年以后的填海占总填海面积的近50％。填海区土地利用类型主要为公共设施用地、居住用地和港口用地。填海活动与人口等社会经济因素密切相关,随着厦门市人口的增长和社会经济发展的需求,填海活动将继续进行。     

Environmental factors influencing the distribution of total and fecal coliform bacteria in six water storage reservoirs in the Pearl River Delta Region, China

The Pearl River Delta (PRD) is one of the most developed and densely populated regions in China. Quantifying the amount of pathogens in the source of drinking water is important for improving water quality. We collected water samples from six major water storage reservoirs in the PRD region in both wet and dry seasons in 2006. Results showed that external environmental factors, such as precipitation, location, as well as the internal environmental factors, i.e., physicochemical properties of the water, were closely related with the distribution of coliforms. Seasonally, the coliform bacterial concentrations in wet season were one to two orders of magnitude greater than those in dry season. Spatially, coliform bacterial levels in reservoirs near urban and industrial areas were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those in remote areas. Correlation analyses showed that the levels of coliforms had close relationships with pH, temperature, suspended solid, organic and inorganic nutrients in water. Principal components analysis further demonstrated that total coliforms in the reservoirs were closely related with water physicochemical properties, while fecal coliforms were more associated with external input brought in by seasonal runo .     

两相厌氧处理高浓度含硫有机废水改造设计

高浓度硫酸根离子在厌氧过程中严重抑制甲烷茵的生长,原有废水处理工艺无法避免高浓度硫酸根离子的影响,出水COD、BOD,均不能够达到排放标准。通过对存在的问题进行分析和研究,对原有工艺进行改进,采用两相厌氧＋UASB＋A／O＋生物接触氧化工艺,处理该厂高浓度硫酸根离子高浓度有机废水,出水达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978—1996）二级排放标准。     

砷污染危害及其治理技术

综合分析了砷的污染途径以及对人类和环境的危害,并对砷污染的治理方法进行了阐述。提出了砷污染治理的一些看法     

三江平原泥炭地过去10ka泥炭储量与碳储量的模型估算

三江平原是中国泥炭地主要集中区域之一,其泥炭储量与碳储量对中国泥炭地碳收支平衡有着重要影响.该类研究目前多数是基于野外样点采集数据的整合分析,本研究通过利用全新世泥炭模型(HPM)估算三江平原10 000年(10 ka)至今的泥炭储量与碳储量,并与已有文献结果进行对比分析.结果表明:三江平原泥炭发育高峰期约为距今9 ka和2 ka左右,7 ka和8 ka左右泥炭地发育极少或忽略不计;总泥炭储量约为0.086 Pg(0.074-0.106 Pg),其中碳储量约为0.025 Pg(0.022-0.031 Pg).尽管由于泥炭地性质不同等原因使得结果与已有文献有一些误差,但对结果的分析也验证了这一方法的可行性,值得进一步研究与完善.     

河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)在生态毒理学研究中的应用与评价

河蚬是大型底栖双壳类生物,广泛分布于我国淡水水域。它具有个体小、分布广、来源方便、易于实验室驯养等特点,常被作为受试生物用于毒理学研究中,为评价污染物毒性作用提供有价值信息。从河蚬对各化学品的行为响应、耐受性以及生理生化指标响应三个方面详细阐述了其在生态毒理学中的研究现状。最后指出将河蚬应用于毒理学研究领域的过程中存在的待完善之处,并对其研究前景进行了展望。总结出其可用于中国淡水水质基准制定、化学品毒性评价以及生物监测领域,具有广阔的研究前景。     

Removal of pharmaceutical and personal care products by sequential ultraviolet and ozonation process in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant

The application of appropriate advanced treat- ment process in the municipal wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） has become an important issue considering the elimination of emerging contaminants, such as pharma- ceutical and personal care products （PPCPs）. In the present study, the removal of 13 PPCPs belonging to different therapeutic classes by the sequential ultraviolet （UV） and ozonation process in a full-scale WWTP in Beijing was investigated over the course of ten months. Most of the target PPCPs were effectively removed, and the median removal efficiencies of individual PPCPs, ranging from -13% to 89%, were dependent on their reaction rate constants with molecular ozone. Noticeable fluctuation in the removal efficiencies of the same PPCPs was observed in different sampling campaigns. Nevertheless, the sequential UV and ozonation process still made a significant contribution to the total elimination of most PPCPs in the full-scale WWTP, by compensating for the poor or fluctuant removal performance of PPCPs by biologic treatment process.     

基于颗粒级配均匀设计的尾矿坝中毛细水上升规律研究

堆积型尾矿坝坝体颗粒级配情况因尾砂排放和堆积的形式而千变万化,因此仅仅采用海森经验公式估算其毛细水上升情况会造成很大的偏差。为此,以湖南某尾矿坝坝体尾砂为原料,采用均匀设计方案设计并配比了8种尾矿砂,随后对该8种尾矿砂中的毛细水上升情况进行了长达10个月的监测,系统地研究了颗粒级配的差异对毛细水上升过程的影响。研究表明,毛细水初期阶段上升速度与尾矿砂中粗粒颗粒含量成正比,其最终上升高度则由细粒含量所决定。进一步地,还得出了由颗粒级配估算毛细水上升高度的方法,为毛细水上升高度计算理论提供了一种新思路和新方法。     

Evolution of chemical composition of fogwater in winter in Chengdu, China

Two sampling sites representing the urban and suburban area of Chengdu, China were sampled and analyzed for selected chemicals to characterize the evolution of the chemical composition of fogwater. A trend of total organic carbon (TOC) > total nitrogen (TN) > total inorganic carbon (TIC) was observed for both sites. Variation of inorganic ions indicated that inorganic pollutants were not accumulated in the fog. Concentrations of n-alkanes (C11-C37) at the urban site ranged from 7.58 to 27.75 ng/mL while at the suburban site concentrations were 2.57-21.55 ng/mL. The highest concentration of n-alkanes was observed in the mature period of fog (393.12 ng/mL) which was more than ten times that in the fog formation period (27.83 ng/mL) and the fog dissipation period (14.87 ng/mL). Concentrations of Σ15PAHs were in the range of 7.27-38.52 ng/mL at the urban site and 2.59-22.69 ng/mL at the suburban site. Contents of PAHs in the mature period of fog (27.15 ng/mL) > fog dissipation period (11.59 ng/mL) > fog formation period (6.42 ng/mL). Concentrations of dicarboxylic acids (C5-C9) ranged from 10.92 to 40.78 ng/mL, with glutaric acid (C5) as the dominant dicarboxylic acid. These data provide strong indications of the accumulation of certain organic chemicals of environmental concern in fog and fog water, and provide additional insights about processes in urban and suburban air acting on organic chemicals with similar physical chemical properties.