微网动态膜生物反应器的研究进展

对微网动态膜生物反应器进行了较为全面的综述,在简要介绍动态膜过滤技术的基础上,对DMBR处理生活污水的运行处理效果、生物动态膜特性、DMBR结构改进及其应用的扩展研究等方面做了介绍,分析了目前该工艺存在的生物动态膜机理研究不透彻、运行稳定性较差、对工业废水的处理研究较少等问题,展望了该工艺的研究方向,即反应器结构的改进、生物动态膜地位与功能的解析、及应器优化控制研究等。     

Environmental mercury contamination of an artisanal zinc smelting area in Weining County, Guizhou, China

To investigate the extent of Hg contamination due to artisanal Zn smelting activities in Weining County, northwestern Guizhou, China, total Hg and methyl mercury (MeHg) concentrations in soil and surface water were determined. Samples of corn plants growing in the study area were also collected for total Hg analysis. A high geometric mean Hg emission factor of 75gHgt(-1)Zn was estimated and significantly elevated total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations were found in the atmosphere adjacent to the Zn smelting sites, ranging from 30 to 3814ngm(-3). Total Hg and MeHg concentrations in topsoil samples ranged from 62 to 355microgkg(-1) and from 0.20 to 1.1microgkg(-1), respectively. Total Hg Concentrations in corn plant tissues increased in the order of grains相似文献   

我国废物进口综合管理技术对策研究

随着废物进口数量的增长、废物再生利用行业的成长、废物越境转移形势的变化和环境保护事业的不断发展,废物进口环境管理经历了从无到有并且逐步完善的过程,成为我国固体废物环境管理工作的重要内容。当前我国废物进口管理还存在着部分种类废物进口行业利用水平较低、废物非法越境转移压力长期存在和能力建设步伐与管理需求不相适应等问题。针对存在的问题,采取合理有效的应对措施,进一步完善相关法律、法规,推进“圈区管理”,鼓励统一管理和污染集中防治,探索建立企业环保信誉管理机制,加强源头风险控制,完善国际合作机制,使我国进口废物管理向兼顾环境、经济协调发展的综合管理模式转变。     

环境行政公益诉讼——以美、印经验为借鉴

环境行政公益诉讼的建立在我国具有理论上的依据,但是具体的构建尚需要借鉴成熟经验.本文介绍了世界公益诉讼的典范--美国环境的公民诉讼和具有巨大创造性的印度环境行政公益诉讼,这两个国家在环境公益诉讼上的经验,给我国建构环境行政公益诉讼提供了借鉴.     

模拟酸雨对南方土壤硅铝释放的影响

通过模拟酸雨淋溶实验,分析了淋溶液pH值和硅铝离子释放规律和特点的关系．结果表明,模拟酸雨的酸度是决定土壤中硅铝淋溶释放量的主要因素．当pH＞3.0时释放量增幅较为缓慢,而pH＜3.0以后释放量骤增．土壤溶液中H⁺浓度的增加,使得以水解反应为主要过程的土壤矿物的风化作用加强,从而使硅铝释放量增大.     

Characterization and biodegradation kinetics of a new cold-adapted carbamazepine-degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas sp. CBZ-4

Carbamazepine is frequently detected in waters and hardly eliminated during conventional wastewater treatment processes due to its complicated chemical structure and resistance to biodegradation. A carbamazepine-degrading bacterium named CBZ-4 was isolated at a low temperature （10℃） from activated sludge in a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Strain CBZ-4, which can use carbamazepine as its sole source of carbon and energy, was identified as Pseudomonas sp. by the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The composition and percentage of fatty acids, which can reveal the cold-adaptation mechanism of strain CBZ-4, were determined. Strain CBZ-4 can effectively degrade carbamazepine at optimal conditions： pH 7.0, 10℃, 150 r/min rotation speed, and 13% inoculation volume. The average removal rate of carbamazepine was 46.6% after 144 hr of incubation. The biodegradation kinetics of carbamazepine by CBZ-4 was fitted via the Monod model. Vmax and Ks were found to be 0.0094 hr^-1 and 32.5 mg/L, respectively.     

云南南涧干热退化山地水分调蓄与植被恢复途径的试验研究

在云南南涧后山开展的以生物生态工程为主治理泥石流的研究中,围绕着干热退化山地水分调蓄与植被恢复的问题,我们于１９９０－１９９３年期间,从适生物种筛选、整地方式选择、种植技术与管理、生物篱与生物谷坊的结构和组合,以及调蓄水系统建设等方面进行了试验研究,取得了较好的效果,为该地区退化山地生态系统的恢复重建奠定了良好的基础。根据试验结果和治理区的自然生态环境现状,我们认为,以调蓄水系统为核心的综合生物治理措施是干热退化山地生态系统恢复重建中最有效的治理途径之一。     

曝气-混凝一体法去除碱性废水中砷的研究

采用曝气－混凝一体法处理碱性含砷废水。氧化方式研究表明,以曝气替代混凝机械搅拌过程,既起到氧化作用,又完成了混合作用,同时具有较好的处理效果;采用该法结合二次混凝工艺处理高浓度碱性含砷废水（砷浓度达414.94mg/L）,聚合铁为絮凝剂,总Fe/As＝3.0,砷去除率99.92％,出水中砷浓度0.33mg/L;在所选用的三种混凝剂中,聚合铁处理效果最佳。     

Influence of eutrophication on the distribution of total mercury and methylmercury in hydroelectric reservoirs

The distribution of mercury (Hg) and the characteristics of its methylation were investigated in Wujiangdu (WJD) and Yinzidu (YZD) reservoirs in Guizhou province, China. The two reservoirs are characterized by high and low levels of primary productivity, respectively. Mercury species in water samples from depth profiles in both reservoirs and from interface water in the WJD were analyzed each season during 2007. The concentrations of total Hg (HgT(unf)) and methylmercury (MeHgT(unf)) in unfiltered water samples from the WJD varied from 3.0 to 18 pmol dm(-3) and from 0.17 to 15 pmol dm(-3), respectively; ranges were 2.0 to 9.5 pmol dm(-3) for HgT(unf) and 0.14 to 2.2 pmol dm(-3) for MeHgT(unf) in the YZD. Elevated methylmercury concentrations in water samples from the bottom water and water-sediment interface demonstrated an active net Hg methylation in the downstream reach of the WJD. There was no discernable Hg methylation occurring in the YZD, nor in the upstream and middle reaches of the WJD. The results suggest that high primary productivity resulting from cage aquaculture activities in the WJD is an important control on Hg methylation in the reservoir, increasing the concentrations of MeHg in water in the Wujiang River basin Southwestern China.     

改性凹凸棒土对水溶液中苯的吸附研究

研究了改性凹凸棒土对水溶液中苯的吸附规律。结果表明，改性凹凸棒土对苯的吸附量和去除率提高了２倍多，ｐＨ值对吸附量的影响甚小，吸附量随温度上升而增加，改进的ＢＥＴ方程能较好地描述实验等温线，其吸附机理可能为表面的疏水作用与化学吸附和进入内部孔道吸附。