氢氧化钠-钢渣双碱法烧结烟气脱硫工艺

在鼓泡反应器中考察了氢氧化钠-钢渣双碱法烧结烟气脱硫的主要影响因素。结果表明,在温度为常温,钢渣反应时间为2 h,钢渣加入量为40 g,SO2进口浓度为2 400 mg/m3,钢渣粒径为200目以上,烟气流量为0.05 m3/h,循环液pH保持在7～8,Na+浓度为0.5 mol/L,循环液为500 mL的条件下,脱硫率可长时间保持在80%以上。同时,对钢渣-氢氧化钠双碱法烧结烟气脱硫机理进行了探讨。     

响应曲面法优化固相反硝化的工艺条件

以一种新型可降解材料PLA/PHBV共混物为碳源和生物膜载体,对硝酸盐污染水进行反硝化脱氮。在温度为(29±1)℃,pH为(7.5±0.2)条件下,利用响应曲面法考察了进水硝态氮浓度、水力停留时间(HRT)和出水硝态氮浓度之间的关系,建立了以出水硝态氮浓度为响应值的二次多项式回归模型,模型预测值与实验值能很好吻合。方差分析结果表明,进水硝态氮浓度和HRT及其交互作用对响应值均具有显著性影响(P<0.01)。     

改性魔芋废弃物对废水中的油脂和Cr(VI)的去除

采用醚化、磷酸酯化和接枝共聚等3种方法改性魔芋下脚料中提取的絮凝活性物,用以去除废水中油脂和Cr(Ⅵ)。反应时间、用量和pH等3因子正交实验表明,经醚化改性与磷酸酯化改性后的絮凝剂分别对油脂和Cr(Ⅵ)的去除效果较好。聚合氯化铝(PAC)用量、ZnSO4用量、pH和微波照射时间等4因子正交实验表明,PAC和ZnSO4可以强化改性絮凝剂效果,对2种污染物的吸附去除效果分别用双常数方程和Elovich方程能够较好地拟合。     

再生水中消毒副产物——卤乙酸的测定方法研究

参照美国国家环保局(USEPA)推荐的饮用水卤乙酸类消毒副产物测定方法(Method 552.3),通过优化该方法的预处理条件和改变检测方法,提出了酸化萃取-衍生化-中和萃取-GC-MS测定再生水中卤乙酸含量的分析方法,并分析了北方某市再生水中4种卤乙酸类消毒副产物含量。结果表明,该方法适用于我国再生水水质,能够有效地消除再生水中共存污染物的干扰;其相对标准偏差(n=7)小于10%,方法的精密度较好;检出限与USEPA方法基本一致;样品加标回收率满足USEPA 6251B标准方法中(100±30)%要求;再生水中的卤乙酸比自来水高出几十倍,对环境和人类存在一定的潜在危害。     

001×14.5离子交换树脂对镍(Ⅱ)的吸附

实验采用离子交换树脂法吸附镍(Ⅱ),树脂选型确定了强酸性阳离子交换树脂001×14.5对镍(Ⅱ)吸附容量最大.用所选的001×14.5树脂吸附镍(Ⅱ)的过程,静态吸附实验表明,转速大于100 r/min时,对树脂吸附的影响可忽略,即基本消除外扩散,pH =7.0时吸附最佳,镍(Ⅱ)吸附率随树脂用量的增加而增大;001×14.5树脂吸附镍(Ⅱ)过程符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,且为优惠吸附;吸附过程符合拟二级动力学模型,吸附过程活化能为E=30.9 kJ/mol,由颗粒内扩散控制;用1 mol/L的硫酸对吸附饱和树脂进行脱附再生,脱附率可达98％以上.     

微波-Fenton法处理EDTA-Cu-Ni废水的工况与效能

为了探索微波-Fenton反应体系中的反应机理,进行了正交实验、单因素影响实验和微波-Fenton与水热-Fenton的对比实验。通过正交实验,确定了微波-Fenton法处理络合态重金属废水的主要影响因子为Fe2+投加量、初始pH、H2O2投加量及反应温度,COD与Ni去除效率的影响因子的权重次序一致,而Cu去除的权重次序则与前两者不同;单因素优化实验结果表明,微波-Fenton法处理EDTA-Cu-Ni废水在反应时间为9 min时的最优条件为:Fe2+投加量为0.5 mmol/L,H2O2投加量为185 mmol/L,初始pH为2.5,反应温度为80℃;此时COD∶Fe2+∶H2O2为1∶0.06∶15(mg/L),各影响因子对有机物与金属离子的去除影响效应不同;微波水浴对比实验结果表明,在微波-Fenton体系中,微波主要起加热和提高反应速率的作用。     

油茶果壳对水溶液中结晶紫的吸附性能

研究了油茶果壳(COS)对结晶紫的吸附特性,考察了COS用量、p H值对COS吸附性能的影响。结果表明,在COS用量为0.30 g、结晶紫初始浓度为50 mg/L、p H=8.00溶液条件下,室温振荡3 h达到吸附平衡,平衡状态下油茶果壳对结晶紫的去除率达到98.01%。用拟一级动力学模型、拟二级动力学模型和内扩散模型分别对动力学数据进行拟合,结果发现,COS吸附结晶紫的动力学数据符合拟二级动力学模型,结晶紫初始浓度为40 mg/L时速率常数和相关性系数分别为0.0436 L/(mg·min)和0.9999。吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附等温式,随温度在一定范围内升高,最大吸附量增大,且相关性系数均高于0.99,当T=293 K时COS对结晶紫的最大吸附量为26.932 mg/g。热力学计算结果表明,该吸附过程是一个伴有物理吸附的吸热反应,可自发进行。此外,再生实验结果发现,油茶果壳再生7次后,对结晶紫的去除率仍为95%以上。     

Simultaneous removal of nitrate and pentachlorophenol from simulated groundwater using a biodenitrification reactor packed with corncob

Both nitrate and pentachlorophenol (PCP) are familiar pollutants in aqueous environment. This research is focused on the simultaneous removal of nitrate and PCP from simulated contaminated groundwater using a laboratory-scale denitrification reactor packed with corncob as both carbon source and biofilm support. The reactor could be started up readily, and the removal efficiencies of nitrate and PCP reached up to approximately 98 % and 40–45 % when their initial concentrations were 50 mg N/L and 5 mg/L, respectively, after 15-day continuous operation at 10 h of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and 25 °C. Approximately 91 % of PCP removal efficiency was achieved, with 2.47 mg/L of chloride ion release at 24 h of HRT. Eighty-two percent of chlorine in PCP removed was ionized. The productions of 3-chlorophenol and phenol and chloride ion release indicate that the reductive dechlorination reaction is a major degradation pathway of PCP under the experimental conditions.     

Electro-migration of heavy metals in an aged electroplating contaminated soil affected by the coexisting hexavalent chromium

Cr(VI) was often reported to oxidize soil organic matter at acidic environments due to its high ORP, probably thus changing cationic metal species bound to soil organic matter, and influencing their electro-migration patterns. However, such an effect on the electro-migration was not confirmed in most previous studies. Therefore, this study applied a fixed voltage direct current field on an aged electroplating contaminated clayed soil, with a special interest in the direct or indirect influence of Cr(VI) on the electro-migration of other coexisting metals. After 353 h electrokinetic process, 81% of Zn, 53% of Ni and 22% of Cu in the original soil were electro-migrated into the electrolyte, and most of the remaining concentrated near the cathode. The Cr(VI) oxidized some soil organic matter along its migration pathway, with a pronounced reaction occurred near the anode at low pHs. The resulting Cr(III) reversed its original movement, and migrated towards the cathode, leading to the occurrence of a second Cr concentration peak in the soil. Metal species analyses showed that the amount of metals bound to soil organic matter significantly decreased, while a substantial increase in the Cr species bound to Fe/Mn (hydro-)oxides was observed, suggesting an enhancement of cationic metal electro-migration by the reduction of Cr(VI) into Cr(III). However, the Cr(VI) may form some stable lead chromate precipitates, and in turn demobilize Pb in the soil, as the results showed a low Pb removal and an increase in its acid-extractable and residual fractions after electrokinetic remediation.     

Simultaneous extraction of Cr(VI) and Cu(II) from humic acid with new synthesized EDTA derivatives

Soil washing is one of the few permanent treatment alternatives for removing metal contaminants. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and its salts (EDTA) is very effective at removing cationic metals and has been utilized globally. However it is ineffective for anionic metal contaminants or metals bound to soil organic matter. The simultaneous removal of cationic and anionic metal contaminants by soil washing is difficult due to differences in their properties. The present study evaluated the potential of a washing process using two synthesized EDTA-derivatives, C₆HEDTA (2,2′-((2-((carboxymethyl)(2-(hexanoyloxy)ethyl)amino)ethyl)azanediyl)diacetic acid) and C₁₂HEDTA (2,2′-((2-((carboxymethyl) (2-(dodecanoyloxy)ethyl)amino)ethyl)azanediyl)diacetic acid), which consist of a hydrophilic polycarboxylic moiety and a hydrophobic moiety with a monoalkyl ester group. A series of equilibrium batch experiments at room temperature were conducted to investigate the efficacy of C₆HEDTA and C₁₂HEDTA as extractants for both oxyanion Cr(VI) and cationic Cu(II). Results showed that either C₆HEDTA or C₁₂HEDTA can extract both Cr(VI) and Cu(II) from humic acid simultaneously. However, C₆HEDTA was less effective for Cr(VI) probably because it has no surface activities to increase solubility of humic acid, like C₁₂HEDTA. Extraction of Cr(VI) was mainly attributed to the decreased surface tension and enhanced solubility of organic matter. Extraction of Cu(II) was attributed to both the Cu(II) chelation and enhanced solubility of humic acid. It was demonstrated that the hydrophilic polycarboxylic moiety of C₁₂HEDTA chelates cations while the monoalkyl ester group produces surface active properties that enhance the solubility of humic acid.