造纸黑液木质素降解微生物的分离和降解特性研究

通过驯化和分离 ,从 119株微生物中筛选出了 6株能在以木质素为唯一碳源的培养基上生长的细菌 ,对它们进行了分类鉴定 ,它们分属于假单胞菌属、黄单胞杆菌属和枝动杆菌属。摇瓶降解实验结果表明 ,这 6株菌能不同程度的降解木质素 ,其中 2号菌经 12d的培养后 ,木质素去除率达到了 2 3 4 % ,具有良好的降解木质素潜力。     

Regioselective oxidation of tetracycline by permanganate through alternating susceptible moiety and increasing electron donating ability

Permanganate has attracted much attention in wide range of chemistry and particularly in degradation of environmental pollutants. However, few studies have discussed the feature of regioselective reactivity of permanganate with specific moiety of the target compound. Herein, we studied the reaction between permanganate and tetracycline that is an emerging micropollutant with different species containing several electron-rich groups. The second-order rate constants increased from 6.0 to 9.0 and could be quantitatively modeled by considering the speciation of both reactants, yielding k_TC⁰?=?11.7 (mol/L)^?1?sec^?1, k_TC^??=?35.7 (mol/L)^?1?sec^?1, k_TC^2??=?43.1 (mol/L)^?1?sec^?1 for individual reaction channels. Degradation products were then identified as the hydroxylated and demethylated compounds. The result suggested a rate-limiting step of simple hydroxylation at the phenolic and/or alkene moieties, while the demethylation should be caused by the unavoidably formed manganese oxide via single electron oxidation. This is supported by the DFT calculation, indicating the primary oxidation of phenolic group of TC⁰ with activation barrier of 44.5?kcal/mol and of alkene group of TC^? and TC^2? with activation barriers of 44.0 and 43.4?kcal/mol, respectively. This is in agreement with the experimental results, implying the alternation of regioselectivity associated with the deprotonation process. The result was further supported by performing the Fukui function and electrostatic potential analysis, reflecting the more probable site and better electron donating tendency beneficial to the permanganate oxidation.     

含饱和CO2的3.5％NaCl溶液中乙二醇对季铵盐缓蚀剂缓蚀性能的影响研究

采用电化学方法研究了含饱和CO_2的3.5%NaCl溶液中40%乙二醇对水溶性季铵盐缓蚀剂性能的影响。研究结果表明:30 mg/L季铵盐缓蚀剂和40%乙二醇均可抑制X65钢的腐蚀,水溶性季铵盐缓蚀剂与40%的乙二醇溶液完全互溶,向含40%乙二醇的3.5%NaCl溶液中添加30mg/L季铵盐缓蚀剂,可进一步降低阴极和阳极反应电流,提高腐蚀电位;乙二醇并未削弱季铵盐缓蚀剂的性能,两者之间存在协同作用。     

天然气输送管道泄漏事故危害定量分析

针对某市天然气利用工程中高压输送管道可能发生的天然气泄漏的危险性进行分析 ,求出了其最大的泄漏流量。通过高斯扩散模式定量计算在大气为中性条件下 ,天然气在大气中的轴向、径向和切向的扩散距离 ,从而计算出该天然气 -空气混合云团的体积。对该体积预混云团的火灾危害进行评估 ,计算形成火球的参数 ,用热辐射剂量准则计算其伤害半径。对该预混云团可能产生的爆轰后果 ,采用超压准则计算其对人员和建筑物的伤害半径。并用热辐射强度准则对可能产生稳态燃烧进行了危害半径的计算     

安全科学体系建构中若干问题的探讨

简要回顾了安全科学的形成和发展过程。在对安全科学特点及研究对象分析的基础上 ,探讨了安全科学目前面临的挑战和在市场经济条件下安全高等教育及人才培养等问题。在对建构安全科学体系及其相关问题分析的基础上 ,提出了安全科学体系的基本框架。     

溢油分离回收的神妙武器

20世纪90年代以来,国内外在陆上和海域不断发生溢油事故,由此造成重大的资源损失和环境污染。文中介绍了欧美国家对此采取的应急措施和使用的应急装备,论述了日本世界化工股份公司溢油分离回收机的工作原理、结构特点和适用环境。     

转变发展方式,走循环经济发展之路在中国环境管理干部学院颁发 "曲格平奖学金"大会上的演讲

2004年10月23日,原国家环保局首任局长,原全国人大环境与资源保护委员会第一任主任委员,中华环境保护基金会理事长,中国环境管理干部学院名誉院长曲格平教授亲临首届“曲格平奖学金”颁奖仪式为陈鑫淼、安伟贞、毛利凤三名获此殊荣的同学颁奖。曲格平教授有“中国环保之父”的美誉,同时也受到国际社会的广泛赞誉和奖励。1992年6月在巴西里约热内卢召开的联合国环境发展大会上,他获得了联合国环境大奖和十万美元的奖金。获奖后,他以这笔奖金为基础成立了中华环保基金会。为促进中国环境保护事业和环境教育事业的发展,今年曲格平教授在众多的高校中选择了在中国环境管理干部学院设立“曲格平奖学金”。颁奖仪式后,他发表了热情洋溢的演讲,本刊予以全文刊出。     

汽车尾气超标原因分析与防治

通过对烟台市近几年的尾气检测与治理的经验分析,简要论述了汽车尾气超标的原因,并针对不同的超标情况提出相应的解决方案.     

预防外来物种入侵的立法对策

对我国目前预防外来物种入侵问题的现状进行了分析,指出了我国在预防外来物种入侵立法上没有专门的针对性法律,立法目的有偏差、法律涉及范围有限的弊病,提出了明确立法目的、制订专项立法与中长期规划、适当扩大相关法律覆盖范围、完善法律法规和顺应国际形势的立法对策.     

Photocatalytic remediation of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane contaminated soils using TiO2 and montmorillonite composite photocatalyst

TiO2 and montmorillonite composite photocatalysts were prepared and applied in degrading γ-hexachlorocyclohexane （γ-HCH） in soils. After being spiked with γ-HCH, soil samples loaded with the composite photocatalysts were exposed to UV-light irradiation. The results indicated that the photocatalytic activities of the composite photocatalysts varied with the content of TiO2 in the order of 10%〈70%〈50% 〈30%, Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of the composite photocatalysts with TiO2 content 30% was higher than that of the pure P25 with the same mass of TiO2. The strong adsorption capacity of the composite photocatalysts and quantum size effect may contribute to its increased photocatalytic activities. In addition, effect of dosage of composite photocatalysts and soil pH on γ-HCH photodegradation was investigated. Pentachlorocyclohexene, trichlorocyclohexene, and dichlorobenzene were detected as photodegradation intermediates, which were gradually degraded with the photodegradation evolution.