110离子交换树脂担载催化齐净化低浓度PH3

以110丙烯酸系阳离子交换树脂作为载体,Pd（Ⅱ）-Cu（Ⅱ）为主催化剂,制成担载型过渡金属催化剂。以N2为载气,对反应温度、氧含量、催化剂用量3个因素进行催化氧化净化低浓度PH3研究。实验结果表明,在氧含量为3．7％,温度为72℃时,催化剂的催化活性较高;PH3净化效率随催化剂用量增大而提高。在优化后的实验条件下,考察催化剂以CO为载气时催化剂对PH3的净化效率,虽然净化效果比以N2为载气时差,但反应较稳定,持续时间较长,有较好的抗杂毒性,且催化剂具有再生性能。     

电化学氧化法去除超高盐榨菜废水中的氨氮

采用电化学氧化法去除超高盐榨菜废水中的氨氮,阳极为Ti/RuO2-TiO2-IrO2-SnO2网状电极,阴极为网状钛电极,考察了电流密度、电解时间、极板间距、初始pH以及极水比对氨氮去除率的影响,并分析了电流密度对氨氮能耗和阳极效率的影响。结果表明,在初始氨氮浓度为472.73 mg/L,电流密度为156 mA/cm2,极板间距为1.5 cm,极水比为0.8dm2/L,原水pH为4.3～5.0时,电解30 min和60 min时氨氮的去除率分别为89.75%和99.94%,电解30 min时,氨氮能耗最低为96 kWh/kg,阳极效率最高为8.47 g/(h.m2.A)。     

Effect of triazophos,fipronil and their mixture on miRNA expression in adult zebrafish

MicroRNA (miRNA) plays a crucial role in gene expression regulation. However, no data are available on change of miRNA expression of zebrafish (Danio rerio) after treatment with pesticides. We evaluated the effect of fipronil (5-amino-1-[2, 6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl) sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile) and triazophos (3-(O, O-diethyl)-1-phenyl thiophosphoryl-1, 2, 4-triazol) and their mixture on miRNA expression in zebrafish. MiRNA expression profiles in zebrafish were altered after treatment with these chemicals. An association between these chemicals and the expression of 21 miRNAs was found 96 h after treatment. Among them, 14 miRNAs were differentially expressed due to the treatments with fipronil, triazophos and their mixture; 5 miRNAs showed altered expression level after treatment with formulations of these chemicals; miR-29b and miR-738 were differentially expressed after treatment with adjuvants. MiRNAs might present a novel toxicological response that could be used as a toxicological biomarker and have a different direction for future investigations of their association with miRNAs involved in chemical related diseases.     

混合液回流比对MSBR工艺强化生物脱氮的影响

针对二级城镇污水处理厂提标改造时出水氮、磷指标很难同时达到一级A标准（GB18918-2002）的情况,提出了改良式序批式反应器（MSBR）的强化生物脱氮运行模式,并通过生产性实验研究了MSBR工艺混合液回流比（6单元回流至5单元）对出水COD、TP、NH4＋-N及TN的影响。实验结果表明,MSBR工艺混合液回流比对COD、NH4＋-N去除基本上没有影响,但对TN和TP去除有影响。当回流比从0提高1和1．5时,TP去除效率分别降低了5．85％和4．06％;而TN去除效率分别提高了10．46％和7．87％,同时出水TN可稳定达到一级A标的要求。从控制运行能耗和脱氮效果的角度综合考虑,该污水厂强化生物脱氮的混合液回流比控制在1是比较合适的。     

Avermectin induced inflammation damage in king pigeon brain

To determine the effect of Avermectin (AVM) on inflammation damage in king pigeon brain, eighty two-month-old American king pigeons were randomly divided into four groups, and were fed with either commercial diet or AVM-supplemented diet containing 20 mg kg⁻¹ diet, 40 mg kg⁻¹ diet, and 60 mg kg⁻¹ diet AVM for 30, 60 and 90 d, respectively. Then, the expression level of inflammatory factors (iNOS, PTGEs, NF-κB), histological damage, and ultra-structural damage were examined. It showed that AVM caused higher expressions (P < 0.05) of iNOS, PTGEs, NF-κB with disorganized histological and ultra-structural structures in cerebrum, cerebellum, and optic lobe. Meanwhile, inflammatory and histopathological damage were induced by AVM in king pigeon brains. In addition, the main targeted organelle in nervous system was mitochondria, which indicated that mitochondria may be relevant to the process of inflammation induced by AVM. To our best knowledge, this is the first report to study the toxic effect of AVM on inflammatory damage in king pigeon. Thus, the information presented in this study is believed to be helpful in supplementing data for further AVM toxicity study.     

110离子交换树脂担载催化剂净化低浓度PH3

以110丙烯酸系阳离子交换树脂作为载体,Pd(Ⅱ)-Cu(Ⅱ)为主催化剂,制成担载型过渡金属催化剂。以N₂为载气,对反应温度、氧含量、催化剂用量3个因素进行催化氧化净化低浓度PH₃研究。实验结果表明,在氧含量为3.7%,温度为72℃时,催化剂的催化活性较高;PH₃净化效率随催化剂用量增大而提高。在优化后的实验条件下,考察催化剂以CO为载气时催化剂对PH₃的净化效率,虽然净化效果比以N₂为载气时差,但反应较稳定,持续时间较长,有较好的抗杂毒性,且催化剂具有再生性能。     

无黏结剂ZSM-5分子筛的制备及其对甲苯的吸附性能

以硅溶胶为黏结剂,将粗孔硅胶、聚乙二醇、拟薄水铝石、ZSM-5晶种导向剂捏条成型,采用干胶转化法制备得到了无黏结剂ZSM-5分子筛。XRD和SEM等表征方法的结果显示,采用干胶转化法制备得到的ZSM-5分子筛的相对结晶度较高,具有200nm左右的小晶粒构成的自支撑结构。采用无黏结剂ZSM-5分子筛吸附剂进行甲苯吸附-脱附实验,该吸附剂表现出良好的吸附性能,对甲苯的脱附性能优于活性炭。     

用于气态零价汞转化的催化剂研究

零价汞的高效去除是燃煤烟气汞污染控制过程中的关键环节。为了促进烟气中的零价汞转化为易于去除的氧化态汞,分别考察了在有HCl存在时,几种过渡金属氧化物(Cu、Fe、Mn、Co和Zr)对零价汞氧化的催化作用,以筛选出性能较好的催化组分;为提高催化剂的抗SO2性能,分别尝试了利用几种金属元素(Sr、Ce、W和Mo)对催化剂进行掺杂改性的方法。结果表明,锰氧化物的催化作用最好,其最佳使用温度在573 K左右;SO2对零价汞的催化氧化有明显抑制作用,在无SO2及1 400 mg/m3SO2时锰催化剂对零价汞催化氧化效率分别为93%和78%。而Mo改性的锰氧化物催化剂的抗硫性能大幅提高,在1 400 mg/m3SO2存在的情况下其对零价汞的催化氧化效率可达到90%以上,较其他改性元素高。     

Resource and Environmental Issues in Transitional China： A Perspective from the Interaction Among Market, Government and Society

Along with the rapid growth of economy in the postreform period after 1979,China has faced severe problems of resource overusing and environmental degradation which would threaten the sustainable development of economy and society.This article explores an effective mechanism of managing resource and environment in China.It examines some major resource and environmental issues,and constructs a framework of institution innovation to cover three sectors(government,market and society).In addition,the article analyzes their experience and evaluation in resource management and environmental conservation during the transitional period.We argue that the combination of market regulation,government intervention and public participation is an effective way of allocating resource and protecting environment.Some suggestions are put forward to balance the relationship between them,including coordinating role of government and market,building platform for market operation and creating an atmosphere of public participation.     

Enantioselective toxicokinetics study of the bioaccumulation and elimination of α-hexachlorocyclohexane in loaches (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) and its environmental implications

The enantioselective bioaccumulation and elimination of α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH) in loaches (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) were studied for the first time. Valid chiral residue analysis methods for α-HCH enantiomers in water and loach samples were established using gas chromatography coupled with electron capture detector and a BGB-172 chiral column. A rapid accumulation process was found during the 39-d bioaccumulation experiment. The α-HCH in loaches reached its maximum on the fourth day, after which it fluctuated slightly, reflecting a balance between elimination and reuptake. The maximum bioaccumulation factor was 728 at the 10 μg L^?1 exposure level. The enantiomeric fraction (EF) values showed that the bioaccumulation was enantioselective with enantioenrichment of (+)-α-HCH in the loaches. The elimination experiment indicated that the degradation kinetics of α-HCH fitted a typical first-order kinetics model, and the half-life was about 5 d. Significant enantioselectivity was observed during the elimination process, with the EFs declining from higher than 0.5–0.39, suggesting (+)-α-HCH is preferentially biotransformed than (?)-α-HCH in loaches. The results reveal a high capacity for α-HCH bioconcentration by loaches and that biotransformation is the main route of decontamination.