赋磁硅气凝胶的制备、表征和吸附异狄氏剂特性

以工业水玻璃为硅源,采用六甲基二硅胺烷(HMDZ)作为改性剂,掺杂纳米级Fe3O4,通过溶胶-凝胶、常压干燥技术,制备得到赋磁硅气凝胶吸附材料(MSA)。采用红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面分析(BET)及振动样品磁强计(VSM)等方法对其结构进行了表征,并对其吸附性能进行研究。结果表明,制得的赋磁硅气凝胶接触角在113°～116°之间,比表面积可达589.79 m2/g,密度约为0.192 g/cm3,饱和磁化强度约为0.44 emu/g,具有超顺磁性。赋磁硅气凝胶对疏水性有机物异狄氏剂表现出良好的吸附性能,符合Freundlich等温吸附模型,KF为42.91;吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,吸附速率常数为0.0341 g/(mg.min)。     

固化/稳定化处理污泥填埋气液转化模式

固化/稳定化污泥进行填埋产生填埋气,产气规律是指导填埋气收集处理系统设计的重要依据。通过构建大型填埋柱模拟填埋实验,研究不同固化材料添加量污泥气液转化规律。实验结果表明,原泥和固化污泥产气规律分为2种类型:前期产气速率呈线性增加,达到最大速率后产气速率呈指数降低。低添加量的固化污泥,产气分3个阶段,分别为产气抑制期、增长期和衰减期。高添加量固化污泥,产气只有一个阶段,产气速率随着时间推移逐渐减小,产气量很小。固化污泥降解过程就是有机质含量降低,气体产量、含水率增加相互转化过程,达到固化材料添加量25%时,水分和气体产生量均很小,降解受到很强抑制,产气150 d左右稳定,产气量很小,无需单独设置气体收集系统。     

除氟活性铝氧化物(AlO_xH_y-F_n)的吸附除砷性能

以活性铝氧化物AlOxHy处理某高氟地下水的中试实验获得的吸附剂废料AlOxHy-Fn为对象,考察其对三价砷(As(Ⅲ))和五价砷(As(Ⅴ))吸附去除性能,并对吸附机理进行了探讨。研究显示,AlOxHy-Fn为多孔无定型且具有不规则表面的絮状结构,比表面积为218.88 m2/g,零电荷点pHZPC在pH为8左右;AlOxHy-Fn可快速吸附As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ),且反应24 h后的平衡吸附量分别为0.60和3.41 mg/g,朗格缪尔模型可以很好地描述As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)在AlOxHy-Fn表面的吸附,且As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的最大吸附容量分别为13.63和63.27 mg/g;AlOxHy-Fn在pH=4~10范围内对As(Ⅴ)去除率在90%以上,As(Ⅲ)在中性和弱碱性pH范围内吸附效果较好,但去除率仍在32%以下。AlOxHy-Fn表面性质、砷形态分布特征等对As(Ⅲ)与As(Ⅴ)的吸附有重要影响,电负性As(Ⅴ)较电中性As(Ⅲ)更容易吸附在AlOxHy-Fn表面。AlOxHy-Fn吸附除砷过程中,在pH为6时氟溶出量最低(0.40 mg/g),过高或过低pH均会导致氟溶出量增大;氟溶出量与As(Ⅴ)吸附量之间有明显正相关关系(R2=0.97),但与As(Ⅲ)吸附量无相关关系;铝溶出量在pH为4~10范围内均很低。将AlOxHy-Fn回用作为除砷吸附剂去除工业含砷废水的砷具有良好的技术经济可行性,且将As(Ⅲ)氧化为As(Ⅴ)是提高去除效果的重要手段。     

高藻水中新生态三价铁混凝行为及其对絮体生长的影响

通过阐释新生态三价铁活性高的机制从而提出混凝剂的连续投加方式对混凝除藻效果的促进作用。与高锰酸钾-铁混凝过程相比,高锰酸钾-亚铁混凝过程初期絮体粒径较小;但经过一段时间后,后者絮体粒径将明显大于前者。Mn(VII)投量为1.7μmol/L时,混凝进行到720 s之前高锰酸钾-亚铁混凝过程中絮体粒径均低于200μm,反应进行到990s时絮体粒径稳步增大到239μm。形成对比的是,高锰酸钾-铁混凝过程进行到720 s和990 s时絮体粒径分别为198μm和204μm。在混凝过程中,亚铁逐步转化生成新生态三价铁,相当于向系统中持续投加混凝剂。在混凝剂总量相同(197.4μmol/L)的情况下,分次连续投加Fe(III)比一次性投加Fe(III)所生成的絮体粒径要大32%。     

Subacute oral toxicity of BDE-15, CDE-15, and HODE-15 in ICR male mice: assessing effects on hepatic oxidative stress and metals status and ascertaining the protective role of vitamin E

The present study examined the effects of oral exposure of 4,4′-dibromodiphenyl ether (BDE-15), 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl ether (CDE-15), and 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl ether (HODE-15) on hepatic oxidative stress (OS) and metal status in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) male mice. Furthermore, the role of vitamin E in ameliorating potential OS caused by BDE-15, CDE-15, and HODE-15 was investigated. Three groups of mice were exposed to 1.20 mg/kg(body weight)/day of each of the three toxicants for 28 days. Results showed that none of the three toxicants altered growth rates of mice, but significantly increased (P?<?0.05) relative liver weights and decreased relative kidney weights. Pathological changes including cell swelling, inflammation and vacuolization, and hepatocellular hypertrophy in livers were observed. Significant decreases (P?<?0.05 and P?<?0.01) in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and glutathione (GSH) levels, together with increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) content were recorded in all toxicant-treated groups. Hepatic copper levels increased in all toxicant-treated groups. Hepatic zinc levels decreased in the liver of BDE-15-treated mice, whereas they increased in the livers of CDE-15-treated and HODE-15-treated mice. In conclusion, daily exposure to the three toxicants perturbed metal homeostasis and increased OS in mouse liver. Experimental data indicated the hepatic oxidative toxicity of the three toxicants followed the order BDE-15?<?HODE-15?<?CDE-15. Moreover, the study proved that daily supplementation of 50 mg/kg vitamin E is effective to ameliorate the hepatic OS status and metal disturbance in mice.     

白龙港污水处理厂处理工艺比较分析

在对上海污水治理二期工程白龙港排放口水质进行监测分机和模拟处理试验的基础上，根据不同的排放标准，对白龙港污水处理厂处理工艺分别提出了不同方案并作了技术、经济比较分机。提出如果执行《污水综台排放标准》，可以采用化学法 悬浮粒子接触氧化法处理工艺；如果执行《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》，可以采用A／0生物法处理工艺。     

利用自动蒸馏仪前处理测定地表水中的挥发酚研究

采用瑞士Buchi K-355型自动蒸馏仪对地表水中的挥发酚进行蒸馏预处理,按照(HJ 503-2009)方法分析样品中的挥发酚含量.考察了蒸汽度和蒸馏时间对蒸馏效率的影响.并将该自动蒸馏仪与传统的玻璃蒸馏装置蒸馏检测后的结果进行对比,两者测定结果一致,无显著性差异.利用自动蒸馏仪预处理地表水样品后进行检测,得到的相对标准偏差为4.33%~8.75%,加标回收率为92%~104%,适用于日常环境地表水的监测工作.     

Prenatal identification of a 45,X/46,Xder(Y) mosaicism and confirmation by high resolution cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization

A 45,X/46,Xder(Y) mosaicism detected prenatally was shown to have a rare Y inversion- duplication or Y/Y translocation which can only be identified by a combination of high resolution cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The present data indicate the usefulness and importance of chromosome-specific probes in the identification and characterization of chromosome rearrangements.     

页岩气田腐蚀特征、细菌来源及腐蚀对策

分析了国内外的页岩气田腐蚀案例及腐蚀特征,采用平行绝迹稀释法对某页岩气田生产整个流程的一系列水样开展了细菌测量,对细菌来源进行了溯源研究。结果表明:页岩气田的油管及集输系统普遍存在细菌腐蚀问题;从压裂到生产全流程,配置压裂液的水源、压裂液及返排水的水样中均含大量细菌,细菌的来源包括地面和井下。最后根据页岩气田腐蚀特征和细菌的来源,提出了相应的腐蚀控制对策。