曝气生物滤池处理农村污水的中试研究

采用研制的曝气生物滤池对农村污水进行处理,研究其性能特点和影响因素。结果表明：在气水比为5∶1,水力停留时间（HRT）为15 h,进水COD浓度在250 mg/L以下时,COD和氨氮的去除率分别在80％和90％以上,出水COD和氨氮值达到国家《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准;反应器在冬季水温12℃以上运行时出水COD和氨氮值比在夏季运行时有所上升,但去除率仍在80%和90%以上,可以达到排放标准。     

SPME/HPLC 对水中多环芳烃的定量分析

应用ＳＰＭＥ／ＨＰＬＣ,通过对水中５种多环芳烃的确定,得到了吸附量／吸附时间和解吸量／解吸时间的关系,并在吸附时间和解吸时间一定的条件下,测定了５种多环芳烃的响应值与浓度的线性关系,重现性及加标回收率（７６％－１１１％）。     

取代芳烃的自相关拓扑与其生物活性、性质的关系研究

本文提出表征原子生物活性的特征值（Ａｉ）,由Ａｉ建构自相关拓扑指数。其中１阶指数＾１Ｆ与氯代苯的８种理化性质的相关性优于Ｋｉｅｒ的＾１ｘ＾ｖ,＾１Ｆ与１７种取代芳烃ｌｇＫＯＷ的相关系数为０．９９４９,计算值与实验值非常吻合,取代芳烃对水生生物急性毒性与＾１Ｆ的线性回归方程如下：发光菌：－ｌｇＥＣ５０＝２．６７７＋０．０１５＾１ｆ,ｎ＝３０,ｒ＝０．９４３,ｓ＝０．２０５,保鲦鱼：－ｌｇＬＣ５０＝２     

汽油无铅化与环境空气中铅污染的变化趋势

文章简要分析了 1 998年天津市环境空气及交通环境空气中铅污染的程度。机动车尾气排放是环境空气及交通环境空气中铅污染的重要来源 ,1 998年机动车推广使用无铅汽油后天津市铅污染状况明显减轻。     

用废旧电路板热解油制备酚醛树脂

在碳酸钙存在下,采用热解技术将废旧电路板中的树脂转化为富含酚的热解油,然后直接加入甲醛溶液反应制备热解油型酚醛树脂,实现了废旧电路板中树脂的再生,酚醛树脂的性能结构类似于氨催化的酚醛树脂。实验结果表明：在n（甲醛）：n（热解油）为1．8～2．1的条件下,无需外加催化剂,在60,80,90℃下分别反应30min制备的热解油型酚醛树脂的性能最佳,且可满足GB／T14732—93《木材工业胶黏剂用脲醛、酚醛、三氧氰胺甲醛树脂》中层压材料用酚醛树脂产品的相关标准。     

Simultaneous chemical and sensory characterization of volatile organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds emitted from swine manure using solid phase microextraction and multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry

Swine manure is associated with emissions of odor, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other gases that can affect air quality on local and regional scales. In this research, a solid phase microextraction (SPME) and novel multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (MDGC-MS-O) system were used to simultaneously identify VOCs and related odors emitted from swine manure. Gas samples were extracted from manure headspace using Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) 85-microm SPME fibers. The MDGC-MS-O system was equipped with two columns in series with a system of valves allowing transfer of samples between columns (heartcutting). The heartcuts were used to maximize the isolation, separation, and identification of compounds. The odor impact of separated compounds was evaluated by a trained panelist for character and intensity. A total of 295 compounds with molecular weights ranging from 34 to 260 were identified. Seventy one compounds had a distinct odor. Nearly 68% of the compounds for which reaction rates with OH* radicals are known had an estimated atmospheric lifetime <24 h.     

Effect of Rainfall Regime and Slope on Runoff in a Gullied Loess Region on the Loess Plateau in China

Runoff was measured from seven plots with different slopes nested in Tuanshangou catchment on the Loess Plateau to study effect of slopes on runoff in relation to rainfall regimes. Based on nine years of field observation and K-mean clusters, 84 rainfall events were grouped into three rainfall regimes. Rainfall regime A is the group of events with strong rainfall intensity, high frequency, and short duration. Rainfall regime C consists of events with low intensity, long duration, and infrequent occurrence. Rainfall regime B is the aggregation of events of medium intensity and medium duration, and less frequent occurrence. The following results were found: (1) Different from traditional studies, runoff coefficient neither decreased nor increased, but presented peak value on the slope surfaces; (2) For individual plot, runoff coefficients induced by rainfall regime A were the highest, and those induced by rainfall regime C were the lowest; Downslope, the runoff coefficients induced by three rainfall regimes presented the same changing trend, although the peak value induced by regime A occurred on a shorter slope length compared to those by regime B and C; (3) Scale effect on runoff induced by rainfall regime A was the least, and that induced by rainfall regime C was the largest. These results can be explained by the interactions of crusting, soil moisture content, slope length and gradient, and erosion units, etc., in the context of different rainfall regimes.     

高职高专环境类基础化学教学改革初探

基础化学是环境类高职高专院校开设的一门重要的基础理论课程.针对我院基础化学教学中存在的教材、教学、实验、考核等方面的一些问题,从不同角度提出了改革措施,包括改革教学手段,编写适用教材,创新实验方法,更新考核方式等,希望对高职高专教学起到一些推动作用.