Concentrations, distribution, and bioaccumulation of synthetic musks in the Haihe River of China

Seven typical synthetic musks (SMs) in the samples from the surface water, sediment and fish of the Haihe River were measured. The SM concentrations in the sediment and surface water of the Haihe River were significantly lower than those in the Dagu Drainage River and Chentaizi Drainage River (p < 0.05). Along the flow direction, the SM concentrations in surface water and sediment tended to increase from the upstream to the downstream of Dagu Drainage River. The Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were calculated at high levels in the muscles of crucian carp, common carp, and silver carp. Most of the biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) for HHCB and AHTN were higher than 1.7, suggesting magnification possibly exist in the musk bioaccumulations of the three fishes in the Haihe River. No significant differences in HHCB/AHTN ratios were observed among the water, fish, and sediment samples (p > 0.05). However, the HHCB/AHTN values in the Haihe River were much lower than those in the Dagu Drainage River and Chentaizi Drainage River (p < 0.05). Compared with several typical persistent organic pollutants (POPs), the musk concentrations were higher or comparable in the Haihe River.     

嘉兴南湖整治后水质对微生物种群生态分布的影响

2002年4月至2003年4月,在南湖水面设了6个采样点,对湖中微生物的分布进行调查,年平均值为：异养细菌2752个／mL、纤维素分解菌326个／mL、氨氧化菌393个／mL、亚硝酸氧化菌305个／mL、硝酸盐还原菌1507个／mL、脱氮菌55个／mL、有机磷分解菌36．5个／mL、大肠杆菌平均≥5000个／L,有机磷分解菌的分布和湖中总磷含量存在正相关性;全年细菌量以11月份最高,8,9份最低。从各样点分离出108个菌株对其进行鉴定,结果有12个属,假单胞菌属是南湖水中的优势菌,占细菌总数的34．2％。水中总磷、氨氮、挥发性酚含量虽然低于综合整治前,但仍然偏高。南湖为富营养化的湖泊。     

Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in soil and sediment from an electronic waste recycling facility

In this study samples of ten species of fish were analyzed for concentrations of organochlorine pesticides, PCBs and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Cu). Fish were captured using electric fishing on ten sites along the Dr?me river (Rh?ne-Alpes region). Quantitative determination of the organochlorine and PCBs compounds was performed by gas chromatography-electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). The concentrations of heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Samples contained detectable concentrations of lindane, PCBs, and heavy metals but at concentrations below the maximum residue limit (MRL). Non-parametric statistical analysis was performed to distinguish groups of sites with different levels of contamination. PCBs concentrations increased along the river with four groups of sites significantly different from each other. Cadmium concentrations were below the MRL. Lead contamination showed two groups significantly different and a repartition similar to PCBs. Copper contamination was correlated with the localization of vineyards. We assessed the potential effects of contamination the otter (Lutra lutra). The concentrations of all pollutants analyzed in fish sampled in this study are lower than the threshold values described in literature. The Dr?me river is relatively unpolluted river, and the establishment of otter populations should not be affected by pollution.     

The study of operating variables in soil washing with EDTA

This study discusses the operating variables for removal of metals from soils using EDTA, including the type of EDTA, reaction time, solution pH, dose, temperature, agitation, ultrasound and number of extractions. For As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, the removal efficiency order was: H₄-EDTA > Na₂EDTA > (NH₄)₂EDTA. At low EDTA concentrations the removal increased progressively with increasing dose while above 0.4 mmol/g only small increases in extraction efficiency were observed. EDTA induced a two-step process including a rapid desorption within the first hour, and a gradual release in the following hours. The extraction efficiency of metals decreased with increasing pH in the range of 2-10. Consecutive extractions using low concentrations were more effective than a single extraction with concentrated EDTA if the same dose of EDTA was used.     

广佛公路(盐步段)两侧挥发性有机物(VOC)污染研究

选取广佛公路盐步路段作机动车尾气污染研究 ,结果表明 :污染物主要由烷烃、苯系物和氯代烃组成 ,主要是毒害性 VOC;污染随着与公路距离的增加而降低 ;污染源除机动车以外 ,还有大量的工业企业     

Enhanced adsorption of hexavalent chromium by a biochar derived from ramie biomass (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Boehmeria nivea</Emphasis> (L.) Gaud.) modified with β-cyclodextrin/poly(L-glutamic acid)

This paper explored biochar modification to enhance biochar’s ability to adsorb hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution. The ramie stem biomass was pyrolyzed and then treated by β-cyclodextrin/poly(L-glutamic acid) which contained plentiful functional groups. The pristine and modified biochar were characterized by FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, specific surface area, and zeta potential measurement. Results indicated that the β-cyclodextrin/poly(L-glutamic acid) was successfully bound to the biochar surface. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the kinetics, isotherm, thermodynamics, and adsorption/desorption of Cr(VI). Adsorption capacities of CGA-biochar were significantly higher than that of the untreated biochar, and its maximum adsorption capacity could reach up to 197.21 mg/g at pH 2.0. Results also illustrated that sorption performance depended on initial solution pH; in addition, acidic condition was beneficial to the Cr(VI) uptake. Furthermore, the Cr(VI) uptake was significantly affected by the ion strength and cation species. This study demonstrated that CGA-biochar could be a potential adsorbent for Cr(VI) pollution control.     

我国土地利用的问题与对策

我国人口对土地的压力越来越大,土地管理所面临的问题也越来越严重。我国未来的发展战略必须走一条低度消耗资源和适度消费的道路,而保护土地与环境是土地利用的基本战略。土地利用效率要提高,传统农业生产要转型,要根据不同的地区条件制定相应的政策。本文提出了一些实现上述战略的途径:控制人口和消费;保护和开拓林业;土地制度改革;理顺土地产品价格;强化土地管理等。     

小良热带人工窿缘桉林群落结构分析

本文分析了广东小良24龄的人工窿缘桉林的群落结构。结果表明:该群落种类简单,以矮高位芽植物和大型叶植物为主,但建群种窿缘桉不属此列,反映了其生境差的特点;乔木层植物的密度虽小,但叶面积指数大。灌木、草本层植物密度较大,却无窿缘桉幼苗;组成结构分析表明群落的乔木层结构向着简单化或稳定方向发展,而灌木层和草本层向着复杂的方向发展;该群落总的生物量为217.7t/hm~2,其中树干的积累量最大,生产上可以林分改造组建混交林。     

农药分配系数测定方法比较研究

施入农田的农药通过各种分配过程分布在空气、土壤、水和生物体中,进而对生态环境造成污染。农药在环境中的分配过程主要表现有:农药在土壤和水体中的吸附与解吸;从土壤和水体向空气中的挥发;从环境介质向生物体的富集。这些过程都与农药在正辛醇/水相中的分配系数有着一定的关系。近年来,分配系数已成为评价有机农药对生态环境影响的一个重要参数,而且还被用于结构活性的预测研究。我们以甲基对硫磷、敌草隆、伏草隆、呋喃丹、非草隆、绿麦隆6种农药为对象,参考经济联合与发展组织(OECD)制订的化学品试验指南及其它资料,研究了农药在正辛醇/水相中的分配系     

Chlorination of water containing bromide and formationof the bromine - substituted trihalomethanes

Ｃｈｌｏｒｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｗａｔｅｒｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇｂｒｏｍｉｄｅａｎｄｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｂｒｏｍｉｎｅ－ｓｕｂｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｄｔｒｉｈａｌｏｍｅｔｈａｎｅｓＬｉＪｕｎｗｅｎ，ＹｕＺｕｏｂｉｎ，ＣｈａｏＦｕｈｕａｎ，ＣａｉＸｉｎｐｅｉ...