煤矸石作无土栽培基质的可行性研究

煤矸石是我国煤炭工业主要的废弃物之一,一方面占用大量农田和土地,另一方面也成为固、液和气三害俱全的污染源,造成了一系列生态环境问题。为了加强对煤矸石利用以使其资源化,试验在分析煤矸石的理化性质的基础上,采用复合脱硫剂对煤矸石进行脱硫处理,探讨了脱硫煤矸石基质对小白菜的生长、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:煤矸石的容重小、孔隙度大、气水比适中,无重金属污染。当加入复合脱硫剂处理时,其对全硫和有效硫的脱除率分别为86.12%和89.16%。脱硫煤矸石基质栽培小白菜产量、维生素C和可溶性糖含量分别为4.51kg/m2、45.76mg/100g、60.2mg/kg,均高于土壤栽培,分别为土壤栽培的1.11、1.24、1.23倍,与炉渣栽培相接近,NO3-含量却低于土壤。     

太湖水体富营养化中农业面污染源的影响研究

太湖流域地处长江三角洲核心部位,是我国的工业经济中心,但同时也是水体富营养化最严重的地区之一。文章通过实地调研、采集得到太湖流域污染的相关数据资料,运用结构解析模型(ISM)建模,通过研究太湖蓝藻各诱发因子的主次关系,对太湖蓝藻危机爆发的成因做了深入的分析。并以GIS为平台核算其耕地面积,结合当地土壤数据及作物特征,计算出了太湖流域农业每年磷的排放量,占总磷排放量的70.7%,得出农业面源产生的的氮、磷流失是引起太湖水体富营养化的重要原因。     

青海省扎日根结扎群火山岩形成时代及构造背景分析

青海扎日根结扎群火山岩中基性岩以贫硅、钾,高钛、钙,中性岩类以低硅、中钾、钛、钙,酸性岩类以高硅、钾,中钛,低钙为特征.根据Fe*/MgO-TiO2图解上显示出本区火山岩绝大多数火山岩落在岛弧区.微量元素中Th/Nb=0.9>0.11,Nb/Zr>0.04显示出其构造背景为陆-陆碰撞形成的岛弧区.扎日根结扎群火山岩时代Rb-Sr同位素等时线给出的年龄为231±28 Ma 和225±8 Ma,属晚三叠世.另外Sr同位素的初始比值ISr=0.70522±0.00023,小于0.719,表明岩浆(原始)来源于上地幔,并且在上升的过程中受到地壳的混染.     

粉煤灰储能复合材料的实验研究

通过吸附、熔融浸滞将粉煤灰、月桂酸复合制备得到复合相变储能材料。通过DTA/TG、SEM测试分析,相变储能材料的相变峰值温度为46.01℃,且在44.0℃～55.0℃范围内有一个较大的吸热峰,可实现相变吸放热,且热稳定性好,粉煤灰基本不影响其热性能。微相结构显示粉煤灰能有效吸入大量的月桂酸,具有较好的吸附结合能力。     

Influence of temperature on the characteristics of aerobic granulation in sequencing batch airlift reactors

Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated in sequencing batch airlift reactors(SBAR) at 25,30,and 35°C,respectively.The effect of temperature on the granules characteristics was analyzed and the microbial community structures of the granules were probed using scanning electron microscope(SEM) and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE).The results showed that 30°C is optimum for matured granule cultivation,where the granules had a more compact structure,better settling abili...     

Pollutants removal and simulation model of combined membrane process for wastewater treatment and reuse in submarine cabin for long voyage

A laboratory scale test was conducted in a combined membrane process (CMP) with a capacity of 2.91 m3/d for 240 d to treat the mixed wastewater of humidity condensate, hygiene wastewater and urine in submarine cabin during prolonged voyage. Removal performance of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4 +-N), turbidity and anionic surfactants (LAS) was investigated under di erent conditions. It was observed that the e uent COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS flocculated in ranges of 0.19–0.85 mg/L, 0.03–0.18 mg/L, 0.0–0.15 NTU and 0.0–0.05 mg/L, respectively in spite of considerable fluctuation in corresponding influent of 2120–5350 mg/L, 79.5–129.3 mg/L, 110–181.1NTU and 4.9–5.4 mg/L. The e uent quality of the CMP could meet the requirements of mechanical water and hygiene water according to the class I water quality standards in China (GB3838-2002). The removal rates of COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS removed in the MBR were more than 90%, which indicated that biodegradation is indispensable and plays a major role in the wastewater treatment and reuse. A model, built on the back propagation neural network (BPNN) theory, was developed for the simulation of CMP and produced high reliability. The average error of COD and NH4 +-N was 5.14% and 6.20%, respectively, and the root mean squared error of turbidity and LAS was 2.76% and 1.41%, respectively. The results indicated that the model well fitted the laboratory data, and was able to simulate the removal of COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS. It also suggested that the model proposed could reflect and manage the operation of CMP for the treatment of the mixed wastewaters in submarine.     

呼和浩特生态城市承载力分析及其建设策略研究

生态城市是新世纪人类理想的居住模式,本文在研究国内外生态城市理论与实践的基础上,对呼和浩特环境承载力、人口资源承载力、水资源承载力以及其他资源承载力进行了分析,针对呼和浩特城市发展现状,提出了呼和浩特市生态城市建设的新模式及建议和对策。     

中欧节能减排政策比较

欧盟国家开展节能减排较早,并积累了丰富的经验。比较了在金融危机影响下欧盟与中国在节能减排法律框架、管理方式、经济政策、产业政策和技术创新方面的异同,提出中国应该借鉴欧盟国家的先进经验,完善现有的节能减排政策体系,实现经济和社会的可持续发展。     

从演化制度经济学角度分析资源诅咒现象

资源的诅咒几乎是发展经济学里面一个颠扑不破的命题,其含义是丰富的自然资源长期对经济发展有着极强的抑制作用.综述了当前从经济增长理论、宏观经济传导机制和委托代理理论的角度分析解释资源诅咒现象现状,重点探讨了从制度经济学角度分析资源诅咒存在的优势及不足,发现上述制度经济学角度对资源诅咒现象进行分析并没有考虑时间和上下文,忽略了很多看似不相关的因素,所以很难捕捉过去时间内利益结构所发生的变化.在此基础上,提出从演化制度经济学角度分析资源诅咒现象可以较好地解决上述问题.     

低温时污泥膨胀对MBR中膜污染的影响

通过一体式膜生物反应装置考察了在低温条件下发生污泥膨胀过程中反应器的运行效果和膜污染的情况,并从微生物角度分析了引起膜污染的因素.结果表明,低温时COD上清液和出水平均去除率分别为85%和92%,发生丝状菌污泥膨胀后去除率变化不大.MBR中丝状菌污泥膨胀形成的过程中,污泥沉降性变差,丝状菌丰度（FI）由2增加到5,丝状菌伸出絮体形成网状结构.低温时膜操作压力随时间呈直线变化,膜组件的水力清洗周期为15 d.在丝状菌大量繁殖时缩短到7 d,膜污染严重.通过测定活性污泥的特性,发现膨胀污泥的胞外聚合物（EPS）总量是正常污泥的3倍,污泥絮体相对疏水性（RH）随FI的提高而增大.EPS和RH增大后会引起更多物质沉积到膜表面,使膜污染速率提高,膜的运行周期变短.进一步的分析表明,混合液粘度、Zeta电位、污泥絮体形态也是影响膜污染的因素.