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121.
Distribution of endocrine disruptors in the Llobregat River basin (Catalonia, NE Spain) 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
The Llobregat basin is a Mediterranean fluvial system with major agricultural, urban and industrial impacts. We combined chemical quantification by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with electrospray interface (LC-ESI-MS) and the recombinant yeast assay (RYA) assays to estimate the loads of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) along the basin. Chemical analysis revealed maximum concentrations (at μg l−1 level) of alkylphenols at the lower course of the Llobregat River, which correlated with high levels of estrogenic activity detected by RYA. Analysis by RYA and LC-ESI-MS of influent and effluent waters from four sewage treatment plants (STP) discharging into the basin showed the removal of 80–95% of EDCs by STP treatment. Chemical analysis data and RYA data showed a quasi-linear correlation, demonstrating the complementariness of both methods. Our data suggest that the concentrations of the analysed compounds were enough to explain the total estrogenicity of water and STP samples from the Llobregat basin. 相似文献
122.
Collaborative networks and new ways of knowing 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To move beyond legal and regulatory gridlock around water issues in the California Bay-Delta, a new inter-agency initiative, commonly known as CALFED, was created in 1994. CALFED has been an ongoing experiment in policy innovation. Part of the change in management practice has involved constructing new arenas that engage multiple perspectives and transform regulatory impasse into provisional steps forward. We examine the construction of so-called boundary objects, which are forums and policy instruments that cross group boundaries and foster integrative deliberation. We compare the design and action of two boundary objects created by CALFED, namely the Environmental Water Account (EWA) and the Water Use Efficiency (WUE) program. We find that the presence of the boundary object, in itself, does little to explain the success of each policy experiment. Rather, the answer lies in the types of network interactions that result, along with the way meaning is coproduced. In fact, rather than create new patterns of interrelationship (e.g., between fish habitat advocates and pump station operators), the boundary object might further embed institutionalized routines. To more deeply understand what makes the new institution an integrative one, we introduce the concept of Ways of Knowing which explains how new knowledge emerges from the network of new relationships. 相似文献
123.
Alberto?Sanz-CobenaEmail author Diego?Abalos Ana?Meijide Laura?Sanchez-Martin Antonio?Vallejo 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2016,21(7):1131-1144
Among the mitigation strategies to prevent nitrogen (N) losses from ureic fertilizers, urease inhibitors (UIs) have been demonstrated to promote high N use efficiency by reducing ammonia (NH3) volatilization. In the last few years, some field experiments have also shown its effectiveness in reducing nitrous oxide (N2O) losses from fertilized soils under conditions of low soil moisture. An incubation experiment was carried out with the aim of assessing the main biotic mechanisms behind N2O emissions once that the UIs N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamid (NBPT) and phenil phosphorodiamidate (PPDA) were applied with Urea (U) under different soil moisture conditions (40, 60 and 80 % water-filled pore space, WFPS). In the same study we tried to analyze to what extent soil WFPS regulates the effect of these inhibitors on N2O emissions. The use of PPDA in our study allowed us to compare the effect of NBPT with that of another commercially available urease inhibitor, aiming to see if the results were inhibitor-specific or not. Based on the results from this experiment, a WFPS (i.e. 60 %) was chosen for a second study (i.e. mesocosm experiment) aiming to assess the efficiency of the UIs to indirectly affect N2O emissions through influencing the pool of soil mineral N. The N2O emissions at 40 % WFPS were almost negligible, being significantly lower from all fertilized treatments than that produced at 60 and 80 % WFPS. When compared to U alone, NBPT+U reduced the N2O emissions at 60 % WFPS but had no effect at 80 % WFPS. The application of PPDA significantly increased the emissions with respect to U at 80 % WFPS whereas no significant effect was found at 60 %. At 80 % WFPS, denitrification was the main source of N2O emissions for all treatments. In the mesocosm study, the application of NBPT+U was an effective strategy to reduce N2O emissions (75 % reduction compared to U alone), due to a lower soil ammonium (NH4 +) content induced by the inhibitor. These results suggest that adequate management of the UI NBPT could provide, under certain soil conditions, an opportunity for mitigation of N2O emissions from fertilized soils. 相似文献
124.
Eullia Planas-Cuchi Juan Antonio Vílchez Joaquim Casal 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》1999,12(6):453-483
Loading and unloading operations produce 8% of all accidents which occur in process plants and in the transportation of hazardous materials. A survey of 738 accidents was performed, allowing the identification of the accident type distribution and of their cause. Some considerations on flammable mixtures are also presented, and the procedures to avoid these mixtures occurring when filling or emptying a tank are briefly discussed. 相似文献
125.
n -person game theory are most appropriate for these problems because they focus on the conditions for engendering and sustaining
the necessary cooperation among the involved stakeholders. These solution concepts seek to ensure that the allocation is based
on some norm of equity and, most often, also to minimize the incentive for any player to defect from the cooperative venture.
We illustrate these solution concepts with an application to a water resource project in Southern California. We argue how
the rigorous mathematical nature of these solution concepts should not hinder their application to actual situations and how,
with the use of heuristic rules and inexact notions of comparable worths, we can employ these concepts even in approximate
fashion. We remind ourselves that the goal of such an endeavor is to convince stakeholders of the equity of a proposed solution
and, in so doing, maximize the prospect of sustained cooperation. The alternative to cooperation, on the other hand, may be
endless stalemate. 相似文献
126.
Spatial Relationships of Levees and Wetland Systems within Floodplains of the Wabash Basin,USA
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Ryan R. Morrison Erin Bray Fernando Nardi Antonio Annis Quan Dong 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2018,54(4):934-948
Given the unique biogeochemical, physical, and hydrologic services provided by floodplain wetlands, proper management of river systems should include an understanding of how floodplain modifications influence wetland ecosystems. The construction of levees can reduce river–floodplain connectivity, yet it is unclear how levees affect wetlands within floodplains, let alone the cumulative impacts within an entire watershed. This paper explores spatial relationships between levee and floodplain wetland systems in the Wabash Basin, United States. We used a hydrogeomorphic floodplain delineation technique to map floodplain extents and identify wetlands that may be hydrologically connected to river networks. We then spatially examined the relationship between levee presence, wetland area, and other river network attributes within discrete subbasins. Our results show that cumulative wetland area is relatively constant in subbasins that contain levees, regardless of maximum stream order within the subbasin. In subbasins that do not contain levees, cumulative wetland area increases with maximum stream order. However, we found that wetland distributions around levees can be complex, and further studies on the influence of levees on wetland habitat may need to consider finer resolution spatial scales. 相似文献
127.
Pironti Concetta Ricciardi Maria Motta Oriana Venier Marta Faggiano Antonio Cucciniello Raffaele Proto Antonio 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(2):3112-3120
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Thermo-mineral springs are widely spread over the volcanic areas of Salerno, a city in southern Italy. Although the water of thermal structures... 相似文献
128.
Rolim Silvia Beatriz Alves Veettil Bijeesh Kozhikkodan Vieiro Antonio Pedro Kessler Anita Baldissera Gonzatti Clóvis 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(8):19602-19616
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A large number of freshwater lakes around the world show recurring harmful algal blooms, particularly cyanobacterial blooms, that affect public health... 相似文献
129.