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691.
Distribution of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments from an Antarctic Marine Ecosystem 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Andrade S Poblet A Scagliola M Vodopivez C Curtosi A Pucci A Marcovecchio J 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2001,66(2):147-158
The concentrations of lead, cadmium, copper,chromium, iron, manganese and zinc in surfacesediments collected from Potter Cove, in the 25de Mayo Island (King George Island), Antarctica, andits drainage basin, were measured by atomic absorptionspectroscopy. The obtained results were use todetermine the areal and vertical distribution of themetals of in the Cove and potential sources of thesemetals to this environment. The geochemical datasuggest that most of the metals found in Potter Coveconstitute a redistribution of autochthonous materialswithin the ecosystem. Therefore, the metalconcentrations can be considered to be present atnatural background levels in surface sediments. 相似文献
692.
Leandro Fontanetti Nascimento Juliana Fonseca Lim Paulo Cesar de Sousa Filho Osvaldo Antonio Serra 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(11):58-68
We report the application of a solid lanthanum–ceria–zinc catalyst in the catalytic regeneration of diesel particulate filters(DPF) in diesel engines.We synthesized a CeO_2–ZnO–La_2O_3(Ce–Zn–La) mixed oxide by a lactic acid-mediated sol–gel method,which efficiently coated cordierite substrates for soot capture and combustion.We studied the effects of La loading on the physicochemical and catalytic properties of Ce–Zn mixed oxide during lowtemperature soot combustion processes.We characterized the synthesized catalysts by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),N2 adsorption,Raman spectroscopy,oxygen storage capacity(OSC),and scanning and transmission electron microscopy(SEM and TEM).Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis(TGA/DTA)confirmed that the catalysts effectively reduced the soot oxidation temperature.The ternary Ce–Zn–La mixed oxide catalyst with Ce/Zn/La atomic ratio of 2:1:0.5 had the highest catalytic activity and promoted soot oxidation at temperatures below 390°C.This indicated that the large number of oxygen vacancies in the catalyst structure generated oxygen species at low temperatures.Raman spectroscopy measurements revealed the presence of oxygen vacancies and lattice defects in Ce–Zn–La samples,which were key parameters concerning the stability and redox properties of the prepared catalysts. 相似文献
693.
Francesca Pennino Antonio Nardone Paolo Montuori Sara Aurino Ida Torre Andrea Battistone Roberto Delogu Gabriele Buttinelli Stefano Fiore Concetta Amato Maria Triassi 《Food and environmental virology》2018,10(2):187-192
Human enteroviruses (HEVs) occur in high concentrations in wastewater and can contaminate receiving environmental waters, constituting a major cause of acute waterborne disease worldwide. In this study, we investigated the relative abundance, occurrence, and seasonal distribution of polio and other enteroviruses at three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Naples, Southern Italy, from January 2010 to December 2014. Influent and effluent samples from the three WWTPs were collected monthly. One hundred and sixty-one of the 731 wastewater samples collected (22.0%) before and after water treatment were CPE positive on RD cells; while no samples were positive on L20B cells from any WWTPs. Among the 140 non-polio enterovirus isolated from inlet sewage, 69.3% were Coxsackieviruses type B and 30.7% were Echoviruses. Among these, CVB3 and CVB5 were most prevalent, followed by CVB4 and Echo6. The twenty-one samples tested after treatment contained 6 CVB4, 5 CVB3, 3 Echo11, and 2 Echo6; while other serotypes were isolated less frequently. Data on viral detection in treated effluents of WWTPs confirmed the potential environmental contamination by HEVs and could be useful to establish standards for policies on wastewater management. 相似文献
694.
Punshon T Lanzirotti A Harper S Bertsch PM Burger J 《Journal of environmental quality》2005,34(4):1165-1173
Information on the spatial distribution and speciation of metals in nonhyperaccumulator plants is lacking. This study used synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) compositional imaging to investigate the spatial distribution of Ni, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Fe in annual rings of black willow (Salix nigra L.) collected from a metal-contaminated area, and used X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to investigate Ni and Mn speciation in regions of the annual rings with elevated Ni concentrations. Annual rings were recollected in early 2003 from an individual known to be enriched with Ni from previous studies. Compositional imaging showed Ni and associated co-contaminants conservatively located in an annual ring. When compared with a corresponding photomicrograph, SXRF compositional images showed that metals were sharply constrained by the boundaries of the annual ring, indicating a sudden onset and cessation of uptake, and a lack of post-growth mobility of the metals. There was a particularly strong correlation between Ni and Mn in the metal-enriched annual ring (r = 0.8822), which suggested similar transport and binding behavior of these elements. X-ray absorption spectroscopy showed Ni and Mn to be present in the 2+ oxidation state. X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) fingerprinting of localized, highly Ni-enriched regions within the lumen of willow xylem vessels found similarities with Ni-pectic acid complexes, Ni-histidine, and NiSO4. 相似文献
695.
Maria D. Moreno Miguel A. Medina Joaquin Moreno Antonio Soler Jose Saez 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1988,24(2):377-387
ABSTRACT: The performance characteristics of a deep waste stabilization pond operating in Southeast Spain were studied for one year; the results show a high reduction in organic load and nutrients, as well as disinfection of the effluent, after a retention time that varies as a function of climatic conditions. Mathematical models describing its hydraulic, thermal, and biochemical bahavior are presented and compared with a set of measured data. 相似文献
696.
dos Santos Reginaldo Carvalho da Silva Junior Carlos Antonio Battirola Leandro Denis Lima Mendelson 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2022,24(3):3356-3370
Environment, Development and Sustainability - This paper evaluates compliance with environmental laws in the municipality of Sorriso and the impact of changing legislation on vegetation. To verify... 相似文献
697.
Enrique Morán-Tejeda Antonio Ceballos-Barbancho José Manuel Llorente-Pinto Juan Ignacio López-Moreno 《Regional Environmental Change》2012,12(1):17-33
Land-use and land-cover changes have attracted substantial scientific interest in recent years because of their marked influence
on hydrological cycles. In developed countries of the Mediterranean basin, the generalized revegetation and forest growth
in mountainous areas that occurred during the last five decades are negatively affecting the evolution of water resources
in headwaters. In this study, changes in land cover in the Duero River Basin (northern Spain) during the last 50 years were
analyzed and their role in hydrological evolution was estimated. For this purpose, step-wise linear regressions were developed
to estimate the evolution of runoff as a function of climate (precipitation and temperatures). The results show a significant
expansion of forest cover in the headwaters, although it has been more extensive in the mountains to the north of the basin
than to the south. River discharges in the headwaters underwent a generalized decline during the study period (1961–2006),
but precipitation over the same period did not show an appreciable trend. In the absence of noticeable trends in removal of
water for human consumption, our results indicate that revegetation is contributing to the observed hydrological decline.
Our hypothesis is confirmed because of the greater divergence in the evolution of precipitation and runoff in the northern
headwaters (more forest growth) than in the south headwaters (less forest growth). Results suggest that further increases
in forest area will enhance hydrological decline and highlight the importance of integrating land-cover information in water
availability assessments in a region where water is a strategic resource. 相似文献
698.
Assessing coastal vulnerability to climate change: comparing segmentation at global and regional scales 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Silvia Torresan Andrea Critto Matteo Dalla Valle Nick Harvey Antonio Marcomini 《Sustainability Science》2008,3(1):45-65
Recent concerns about potential climate-change effects on coastal systems require the application of vulnerability assessment
tools in order to define suitable adaptation strategies and improve coastal zone management effectiveness. In fact, while
various research efforts were devoted to evaluate coastal vulnerability to climate change on a national to global level, fewer
applications were carried out so far to develop more comprehensive and site-specific vulnerability assessments suitable to
plan possible adaptation measures at the regional scale. In this respect, specific indicators are needed to address climate-change-related
issues for coastal zones and to identify vulnerable areas at the regional level. Two sets of coastal vulnerability indicators
were selected, one for regional and one for global studies, respectively, concerning the same features of coastal systems,
including topography and slope, geomorphological characteristics, presence and distribution of wetlands and vegetation cover,
density of coastal population and number of coastal inhabitants. The proposed set of indicators for the regional scale was
chosen taking into account the availability of environmental and territorial data for the whole coastal area of the Veneto
region and was based on site-specific datasets characterized by a spatial resolution appropriate for a regional analysis.
Moreover, a GIS-based segmentation procedure was applied to divide the coastline into linear segments, homogeneous in terms
of vulnerability to climate change and sea-level rise at the regional scale. This approach allowed to divide the Veneto shoreline
into 140 segments with an average length of about 1 km, while the global scale approach identified four coastal segments with
an average length of about 66 km. The performed comparison indicated how the more detailed approach adopted at the regional
scale is essential to understand and manage the complexities of the specific study area. In fact, the 25-m DEM employed at
the regional scale provided a more accurate differentiation of the coastal area's elevation and thus of coastal susceptibility
to the inundation risks, compared to the 1-km DEM used at the global level. Moreover, at the regional level the use of a 1:20,000
geomorphological map allowed to differentiate the unique landform class detected at the global level (e.g., fluvial plain)
in a variety of more detailed coastal typologies (e.g., open coast eroding sandy shores backed by bedrock) characterized by
a different sensitivity to climate change and sea-level rise. Accordingly, the information provided by regional indicators
can support decision-makers in improving the management of coastal resources by considering the potential impacts of climate
change and in the definition of appropriate actions to reduce inundation risks, to avoid the potential loss of valuable wetlands
and vegetation and to plan the nourishment of sandy beaches subject to erosion processes. 相似文献
699.