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741.
Depth and area of rooting are important to long-term survival of plants on metal-contaminated, steep-slope soils. We evaluated shoot and root growth and metal uptake of four cool-season grasses grown on a high-Zn soil in a greenhouse. A mixture of biosolids, fly ash, and burnt lime was placed either directly over a Zn-contaminated soil or over a clean, fine-grained topsoil and then the Zn-contaminated soil; the control was the clean topsoil. The grasses were 'Reliant' hard fescue (Festuca brevipila R. Tracey), 'Oahe' intermediate wheatgrass [Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski subsp. intermedia], 'Ruebens' Canada bluegrass (Poa compressa L.), and 'K-31' tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Root growth in the clean soil and biosolids corresponded to the characteristic rooting ability of each species, while rooting into the Zn-contaminated soil was related to the species' tolerance to Zn. While wheatgrass and tall fescue had the strongest root growth in the surface layers (0-5 cm) of clean soil or biosolids, wheatgrass roots were at least two times more dense than those of the other grasses in the second layer (5-27 cm) of Zn-contaminated soil. When grown over Zn-contaminated soil in the second layer, hard fescue (with 422 mg/kg Zn) was the only species not to have phytotoxic levels of Zn in shoots; tall fescue had the highest Zn uptake (1553 mg/kg). Thus, the best long-term survivors in high-Zn soils should be wheatgrass, due to its ability to root deeply into Zn-contaminated soils, and hard fescue, with its ability to effectively exclude toxic Zn uptake. 相似文献
742.
Balkcom KS Blackmer AM Hansen DJ Morris TF Mallarino AP 《Journal of environmental quality》2003,32(3):1015-1024
High nitrate (NO3-N) concentrations in Iowa rivers have been linked to areas of intensive row crop production, but they have not been experimentally linked to specific management practices used during row crop production. This study demonstrates how the late-spring test for soil NO3-N and the end-of-season test for cornstalk NO3-N can be used to measure N sufficiency levels across many fields and how the results can be used to evaluate management practices within a watershed. More than 3200 soil and cornstalk samples were collected over a 12-yr period from fields planted to corn (Zea mays L.) and already fertilized by farmers using their normal practices. Results showed that early-season rainfall and associated N losses were major factors affecting N concentrations in soils and cornstalks. Evidence for NO3-N movement from fields to rivers was provided by an inverse relationship between annual means for NO3-N concentrations in soils and rivers. Because these losses can be avoided by delaying N applications, the practice of applying N several weeks or months before plants grow was linked to inefficient use of fertilizer and manure N by crops. Results of the study demonstrate how aggregate analyses of soil and cornstalk samples collected across many farms and years make it possible to identify the major factors affecting N management outcomes and, therefore, N management practices that are likely to produce the best outcomes within a watershed or region. This approach seems to have unique potential to interrelate the management practices of farmers, the efficiency of N fertilization, and NO3-N concentrations in rivers. 相似文献
743.
Antonio C. Allem 《The Environmentalist》1991,11(2):131-143
744.
Checa AG Ramírez-Rico J González-Segura A Sánchez-Navas A 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(1):111-122
Extant monoplacophorans (Tryblidiida, Mollusca) have traditionally been reported as having an internal nacreous layer, thus representing the ancestral molluscan condition. The examination of this layer in three species of Neopilinidae (Rokopella euglypta, Veleropilina zografi, and Micropilina arntzi) reveals that only V. zografi secretes an internal layer of true nacre, which occupies only part of the internal shell surface. The rest of the internal surface of V. zografi and the whole internal surfaces of the other two species examined are covered by a material consisting of lath-like, instead of brick-like, crystals, which are arranged into lamellae. In all cases examined, the crystallographic c-axis in this lamellar material is perpendicular to the surface of laths and the a-axis is parallel to their long dimension. The differences between taxa relate to the frequency of twins, which is much higher in Micropilina. In general, the material is well ordered, particularly towards the margin, where lamellae pile up at a small step size, which is most likely due to processes of crystal competition. Given its morphological resemblance to the foliated calcite of bivalves, we propose the name foliated aragonite for this previously undescribed biomaterial secreted by monoplacophorans. We conclude that the foliated aragonite probably lacks preformed interlamellar membranes and is therefore not a variant of nacre. A review of the existing literature reveals that previous reports of nacre in the group were instead of the aragonitic foliated layer and that our report of nacre in V. zografi is the first undisputed evidence of nacre in monoplacophorans. From the evolutionary viewpoint, the foliated aragonite could easily have been derived from nacre. Assuming that nacre represents the ancestral condition, as in other molluscan classes, it has been replaced by foliated aragonite along the tryblidiidan lineage, although the fossil record does not presently provide evidence as to when this replacement took place. 相似文献
745.
746.
Bastiancich Leone Lasagna Manuela Mancini Susanna Falco Mauro De Luca Domenico Antonio 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(7):1971-1994
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - In the context of global climate change, understanding the relationships between climate and groundwater is increasingly important. This study in the NW Alps... 相似文献
747.
Motta Oriana Pironti Concetta Ricciardi Maria Rostagno Chiara Bolzacchini Ezio Ferrero Luca Cucciniello Raffaele Proto Antonio 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(20):29391-29398
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The most important parameter to obtain an appropriate preservation condition of museum environments concerns the indoor air quality. The exposure of... 相似文献
748.
Pantoja-Echevarría Laura María Tamburin Elena Elorriaga-Verplancken Fernando R. Marmolejo-Rodríguez Ana Judith Galván-Magaña Felipe Tripp-Valdez Arturo Lara Ariagna Jonathan M. P. Sujitha S. B. Delgado-Huertas Antonio Arreola-Mendoza Laura 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(41):61685-61697
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Sharks are top predators and play an important role in the regulation of marine ecosystems at lower trophic position. Mustelus californicus, Sphyrna... 相似文献
749.
Marchese Enrico Bizzotto Elisa Chiara Giubilato Elisa Semenzin Elena Marcomini Antonio 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(57):85829-85838
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study investigated the occurrence of selected metals and metalloids (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn) in radio-dated sediment cores from a coastal... 相似文献
750.
Urgoitia Garazi Galdón Garbiñe Churruca Fatima SanMartin Raul Herrero María Teresa Domínguez Esther 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2018,16(3):1101-1108
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Aerobic oxidation of organic compounds is receiving attention because molecular oxygen is an abundant, cheap and comparatively safe reagent. Several catalyst... 相似文献