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21.
Rajiv K. Sinha Sunil Herat Sunita Agarwal Ravi Asadi Emilio Carretero 《The Environmentalist》2002,22(3):261-268
The practice of vermiculture is at least a century old but it is now being revived worldwide with diverse ecological objectives such as waste management, soil detoxification and regeneration and sustainable agriculture. Earthworms act in the soil as aerators, grinders, crushers, chemical degraders and biological stimulators. They secrete enzymes, proteases, lipases, amylases, cellulases and chitinases which bring about rapid biochemical conversion of the cellulosic and the proteinaceous materials in the variety of organic wastes which originate from homes, gardens, dairies and farms. The process is odour free because earthworms release coelomic fluids in the decaying waste biomass which has anti-bacterial properties which kills pathogens. The species used in India were Indian blue (Perionyx excavatus), African night crawler (Eudrilus euginae) and the Tiger worm (Elsinia foetida). E. foetida was used in Australia. E. euginae was found to have higher feeding, growth and biodegradation capacity compared to other two species.Earthworm action was shown to enhance natural biodegradation and decomposition of wastes (60–80 percent under optimum conditions), thus significantly reducing the composting time by several weeks. Within 5 to 6 weeks, 95–100 percent degradation of all cellulosic materials was achieved. Even hard fruit and egg shells and bones can be degraded, although these may take longer. 相似文献
22.
This paper describes an application of multiple criteria analysis (MCA) in assessing criteria and indicators adapted for a
particular forest management unit. The methods include: ranking, rating, and pairwise comparisons. These methods were used
in a participatory decision-making environment where a team representing various stakeholders and professionals used their
expert opinions and judgements in assessing different criteria and indicators (C&I) on the one hand, and how suitable and
applicable they are to a forest management unit on the other. A forest concession located in Kalimantan, Indonesia, was used
as the site for the case study. Results from the study show that the multicriteria methods are effective tools that can be
used as structured decision aids to evaluate, prioritize, and select sets of C&I for a particular forest management unit.
Ranking and rating approaches can be used as a screening tool to develop an initial list of C&I. Pairwise comparison, on the
other hand, can be used as a finer filter to further reduce the list. In addition to using these three MCA methods, the study
also examines two commonly used group decision-making techniques, the Delphi method and the nominal group technique. Feedback
received from the participants indicates that the methods are transparent, easy to implement, and provide a convenient environment
for participatory decision-making. 相似文献
23.
Karen L. Stals Matthew Wakeling Júlia Baptista Richard Caswell Andrew Parrish Julia Rankin Carolyn Tysoe Garan Jones Adam C. Gunning Hana Lango Allen Lisa Bradley Angela F. Brady Helena Carley Jenny Carmichael Bruce Castle Deirdre Cilliers Helen Cox Charu Deshpande Abhijit Dixit Jacqueline Eason Frances Elmslie Andrew E. Fry Alan Fryer Muriel Holder Tessa Homfray Emma Kivuva Victoria McKay Ruth Newbury-Ecob Michael Parker Ravi Savarirayan Claire Searle Nora Shannon Deborah Shears Sarah Smithson Ellen Thomas Peter D. Turnpenny Vinod Varghese Pradeep Vasudevan Emma Wakeling Emma L. Baple Sian Ellard 《黑龙江环境通报》2018,38(1):33-43
针对传统教与学算法在解决复杂多峰函数优化问题时,具有局部最优且搜索开发能力较差的缺点,提出了一种改进的多学习教与学优化算法,新算法为学员的每一维加入不同的教学因子,设计了基于学员均值比较的教师选择策略和向教师及学员学习的多学习策略。基于多个单峰和多峰函数的仿真结果表明,新算法跟传统的、改进的教与学算法相比,在稳定性、寻优精度和收敛速度方面更具优势。 相似文献
24.
Parsaie Abbas Haghiabi Amir Hamzeh Latif Sarmad Dashti Tripathi Ravi Prakash 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(43):60842-60856
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Predictions of pore pressure and seepage discharge are the most important parameters in the design of earth dams and assessing their safety during the... 相似文献
25.
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - A greenhouse experiment was performed to elucidate the potency of Prosopis juliflora charcoal (PJC) and banana waste compost (BWC) to improve soil fertility... 相似文献
26.
Bekele Dawit N. Naidu Ravi Chadalavada Sreenivasulu 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(2):887-902
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Human health risk assessment at hydrocarbon-contaminated sites requires a critical evaluation of the exposure pathways of volatile organic compounds... 相似文献
27.
Ravi Naidu Euan Smith S. M. Imamul Huq Gary Owens 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2009,31(Z1):61-68
The bioavailability of arsenic (As) in the soil environment is largely governed by its adsorption–desorption reactions with
soil constituents. We have investigated the sorption–desorption behaviour of As in four typical Bangladeshi soils subjected
to irrigation with As-contaminated groundwater. The total As content of soils (160 samples) from the Laksham district ranged
from <0.03 to approximately 43 mg kg−1. Despite the low total soil As content, the concentration of As in the pore water of soils freshly irrigated with As-contaminated
groundwater ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 mg l−1. However, when these soils were allowed to dry, the concentration of As released in the pore water decreased to undetectable
levels. Remoistening of soils to field moisture over a 10-day period resulted in a significant (up to 0.06 mg l−1) release of As in the pore water of soils containing >10 mg As kg−1 soil, indicating the potential availability of As. In soils containing <5 mg As kg−1, As was not detected in the pore water. A comparison of Bangladeshi soils with strongly weathered long-term As-contaminated
soils from Queensland, Australia showed a much greater release of As in water extracts from the Australian soils. However,
this was attributed to the much higher loading of As in these Australian soils. The correlation of pore water As with other
inorganic ions (P, S) showed a strongly significant (P < 0.001) relationship with P, although there was no significant relationship between As and other inorganic cations, such
as Fe and Mn. Batch sorption studies showed an appreciable capacity for both AsV and AsIII sorption, with AsV being retained in much greater concentrations than AsIII. 相似文献
28.
Arsenic (As) contamination of soil poses a potential threat to human health, particularly for small children, through the incidental ingestion of soil from hand-to-mouth activity. In this study, we examined the relationship between As bioaccessibility using the simplified bioaccessibility extraction test (SBET) and the soil fractions that contribute to bioaccessible As in 12 long-term contaminated soils. Sequential fractionation of soils prior to As bioaccessibility assessment found that As was primarily associated with the specifically sorbed (3-26%), amorphous and poorly crystalline (12-82%), and the well crystalline (3-25%) oxyhydroxide Fe/Al phases with proportions varying depending on the mode of As input. Arsenic bioaccessibility in these soils ranged from less than 1% in the gossan soil to 48% in railway corridor soils. Soil fractions contributing to As bioaccessibility were found to be from the non-specifically (<1-11%), the specifically (<1-29%) sorbed and the amorphous and poorly-crystalline (30-93%) oxyhydroxide Fe/Al fractions. Significant correlations (p<0.05) were found between the As bioaccessible fraction and the amorphous and poorly-crystalline oxyhydroxide Fe/Al fractions indicating that this fraction is a key factor influencing As bioaccessibility in many anthropogenically contaminated soils. 相似文献
29.
Cáceres TP Megharaj M Naidu R 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2008,43(7):605-610
Fenamiphos (0-ethyl-0(3-methyl-4-methylthiophenyl)-isopropylamido-phosphate) is a widely used nematicide and insecticide in bowling greens and agriculture, but information on its sorption including its metabolites is limited. Hence, the sorption of fenamiphos (nematicide) and its major degradation products fenamiphos sulfoxide (FSO) and fenamiphos sulfone (FSO2) were determined in thirteen contrasting soils collected from Australia and Ecuador. The sorption coefficients (Kd) exhibited a wide range of variation from 2.48 to 14.94 L/Kg for fenamiphos; from 0 to 7.42 L/Kg for FSO and from 0 to 9.49 L/Kg for FSO2. The sorption affinity of the three compounds for all soils tested was as follows: fenamiphos > fenamiphos sulfone > fenamiphos sulfoxide. The results showed that the sorption of fenamiphos and its metabolites in some soils is very low, and in one case is nonexistant for the metabolites. This is of particular concern as due to its low sorption coefficient, the compound could easily migrate and contaminate water bodies. Fenamiphos and its oxidation products have been reported to be highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates and therefore, the information generated in this study assumes great importance in the risk assessment of fenamiphos and its metabolites in the environment. 相似文献
30.
Ravi Bhargava Dr D. Ian Hammond Ronald J. Benzie E. Carlos G. Ventureyra Michael J. Higgins David J. Martin 《黑龙江环境通报》1992,12(8):653-659
Myelocystocele is a rare spinal cord disorder and has not been described prenatally. We report a case in which prenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a posterior cervical mass which was initially thought to be a meningocele or an atypical cystic hygroma. Surgery performed at 1 day of age showed this to be a myelocystocele. Therefore, the differential diagnosis of an extracranial cystic mass in the posterior cervical region should be expanded to include myelocystoceles. 相似文献