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141.
142.
Effect of leachate recycling and inoculation on the biochemical characteristics of municipal refuse in landfill bioreactors 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Activity development of key groups of enzymes involved in municipal refuse decomposition was measured in laboratory landfill bioreactors with and without leachate recycling and inoculation for about 210 days.The results showed that the enzymes(amylase,protease,cellulase,lipase and pectinase)were present in fresh refuse but at low values and positively affected by leachate recycling and refuse inoculation.The total average of cellulase activity in digesters D3 operated with leachate recycling but no inoculation,D4 and D5 operated with leachate recyling and inoculation was much higher than that in digesters D1 and D2 without leachate recycling and inoculation by 88%-127%,117%-162%and 64%-98%.The total average of protease activity was higher in digester D4 than that in digesters D1,D2,D3and D5 by 63%,39%,24%and 24%,respectively,and the positive effect of leachate recycling and inoculation on protease activity of landfilled refuse mainly was at the first two months.The total average of amylase activity was higher in digesters D3,D4 and D5 than that in digesters D1 and D2 by 83%-132%,96%-148%and 81%-129%.During the early phase of incubation,the stimulatory effect of inoculation on lipase activity was measured,but refuse moisture was the main factor affecting lipase activity of landfilled refuse.The inoculation,initial and continuous inoculation of microorganisms existing in leachate,was the mainly stimulatory factor affecting pectinase activity of landfilled refuse. 相似文献
143.
在2种盐度条件下(淡水与盐度30的人工海水)通过温室盆栽系统对比研究了2种主红树植物木榄和秋茄对牲畜废水的处理效应。牲畜废水的加入使植物体P含量增加1-4倍,N含量增加0.04-1.30倍。淡水条件 下秋茄和木榄系统N的处理效率分别为84.3%和95.5%,海水条件 下则为92.7%和98.0%,淡水条件下秋茄和木榄系统P的处理效率分别为79.2%和91.8%,海水条件下则为88.0%和97.8%,盐度对秋茄植物体N的去除无显著效应。2种植物体对P的处理效率为4%,远比N的处理效率低,废水来源的营养 盐大多被土壤去除。 相似文献
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145.
产品生命周期环境成本核算实例研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
针对项目层次环境成本核算技术存在的2大缺陷,构建了产品生命周期环境成本核算模型。以红矾钠产品生命周期为例,通过企业的实地调查,以直接计算法、费用当量法进行拟合,得到了红矾钠产品(产量2.28万t/a)生命周期环境成本为,直接计算法:5084.48万元;费用当量法:4941.43万元。分析了环境成本核算对可持续发展决策和管理的作用和意义。 相似文献
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147.
Wu Rui Li Guangyi Zhang Zongyi Ren Yulong Han Weijian 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2007,1(3):292-298
Road transport produces significant amounts of emissions by using crude oil as the primary energy source. A reduction of emissions
can be achieved by implementing alternative fuel chains. The objective of this study is to carry out an economic, environmental
and energy (EEE) life cycle study on natural gas-based automotive fuels with conventional gasoline in an abundant region of
China. A set of indices of four fuels/vehicle systems on the basis of life cycle are assessed in terms of impact of EEE, in
which natural gas produces compressed natural gas (CNG), methanol, dimethylether (DME) and Fischer Tropsch diesel (FTD). The
study included fuel production, vehicle production, vehicle operation, infrastructure and vehicle end of life as a system
for each fuel/vehicle system. A generic gasoline fueled car is used as a baseline. Data have been reviewed and modified based
on the best knowledge available to Chongqing local sources. Results indicated that when we could not change electric and hydrogen
fuel cell vehicles into commercial vehicles on a large scale, direct use of CNG in a dedicated or bi-fuel vehicle is an economical
choice for the region which is most energy efficient and more environmental friendly. The study can be used to support decisions
on how natural gas resources can best be utilized as a fuel/energy resource for automobiles, and what issues need to be resolved
in Chongqing. The models and approaches for this study can be applied to other regions of China as long as all the assumptions
are well defined and modified to find a substitute automotive energy source and establish an energy policy in a specific region. 相似文献
148.
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150.
对电视机,电脑视视屏显象管壳成分进行了β放射性活性度测定及β剂量的计算,结果证明,视屏的固有电离辐射-β射线来自玻璃原材料,所产生的β剂蜈取决于原材料成分中天然放射性核素的种类含量及所用的份额。由此产生的β剂量对公众的健康不会产生有害影响。 相似文献