碱熔法回收废催化剂中的钴、钼和铝

采用碱熔法从废钴钼催化剂中回收钴、钼和铝。该方法的工艺过程为 :将废催化剂与纯碱按质量比 1∶1 8混合 ,在焙烧温度 90 0℃条件下 ,焙烧 2h ;用 2倍于熔块的沸水浸取30min ;用稀硫酸调浸取液 pH至 6 ,浸取液中的铝形成氢氧化铝被回收 ;然后除盐并回收钼酸钠 ;使酸浸黑渣中的钴形成氢氧化钴并脱水氧化成为氧化钴。用该工艺回收铝、钼和钴 ,其回收率可达 95 %以上 ,回收产品的纯度可达 97%以上。     

二维多箱模型预测大气环境方法的研究

采用二维多箱模型对石家庄市区大气污染物ＳＯ２进行了计算,分别计算了４个风向的各子箱污染物浓度,然后按其风向频率加权取和得到平均浓度。把计算结果与地面监测值和１９９４－０１中国环境科学研究院的高空航测值进行了比较分析后发现。多箱模型预测大气环境比单箱模型和其它预测方法产生的误差要小。     

海水中二甲基硫含量与海洋环境因子间关系的研究

以青岛尚岸海水为典型水域,设８个采样点于１９９６－０３、１９９６－０５和１９９６－１０进行了３次ＤＭＳ与海洋环境因子的监测,研究青岛尚岸海水海洋因子的特点及海水中ＤＭＳ浓度与浮游物种和海洋环境因子的关系,结果表明,海洋浮游植物生成ＤＭＳ的生物机理较为复杂,青岛沿岸海水中ＤＭＳ含量与叶绿素α２及海洋环境因子无明确的相关关系,浮游植物和海洋环境因子复杂的时空变化为研究海洋排放ＤＭＳ带来了很大的不确定性     

羰基硫(COS)紫外光解动力学的研究

在185nm紫外光照射下,研究了COS体系、COS-O2体系以及COS-空气体系中COS的转化反应,并考察了光照时间、O2分压和水气对COS光解的影响．推导了COS光解速率方程,并计算了其表观量子产率,据此提出了185nm紫外光作用下COS在不同体系中的反应机理．实验表明,平流层紫外光解是COS的重要汇,也是平流层含硫气溶胶的主要来源之一．     

苏州市环境污染事故应急监测系统的建立与实施

介绍了苏州市环境污染事故应急监测系统的适用范围和基本特点，明确了领导小组、各监测小组及网络成员单位在系统中的职责，提出了系统的工作程序，建议开展应急监测能力培训，建立应急监测信息交流系统，实施例行监督检查，研制并定期更新应急监测信息管理系统，配置必要的应急监测仪器装备，加强与网络成员单位的合作，定期评审和改进应急监测系统，以保证系统的有效运行。环境污染事故应急监测实例表明，该系统在应急监测过程中发挥了良好的作用。     

过山车立环轨道设计方法

基于加速度研究过山车立环轨道曲线的设计方法.分别研究向心加速度恒定的立环曲线,加速度恒定的立环曲线和以欧拉螺线为基础的立环曲线.建立三种立环曲线的方程,通过数值方法进行求解,借助Matlab计算在给定初始条件和边界条件下的轨道曲线.以加速度为评判标准来分析三种曲线的优点和缺点,最终得到以加速度为基础的立环轨道曲线设计方...     

Using machine learning method to predict food waste in catering industry under high resolution: a case in Dongguan

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Waste classification is comprehensively carried out in China as an important national-level policy, and the large amount and the wide range of food...     

锅炉量化管理是企业挖潜节能的重要途径

通过对辽河油田公司有关企业开展清洁生产审核,总结出了燃料锅炉量化管理的方法。在自然对流烘干室改造、碱液浓缩炉改造、燃煤锅炉设计效率核准等实例中,该方法可昭示能耗大的"瓶颈"部位,进而为企业制定节能方案、提出具体的节能改造措施提供了科学依据。实践证明:实施锅炉量化管理是企业挖掘节能潜力的重要途径。     

Spatial Variability of Nitrate Concentrations Under Diverse Conditions in Tributaries to a Lake Watershed1

Abstract: Nitrate‐nitrogen (NO₃‐N) concentrations in stream water often respond uniquely to changes in inter‐annual conditions (e.g., biological N uptake and precipitation) in individual catchments. In this paper, we assess (1) how the spatial distribution of NO₃‐N concentrations varies across a dense network of nonnested catchments and (2) how relationships between multiple landscape factors [within whole catchments and hydrologically sensitive areas (HSAs) of the catchments] and stream NO₃‐N are expressed under a variety of annual conditions. Stream NO₃‐N data were collected during two synoptic sampling events across >55 tributaries and two synoptic sampling periods with >11 tributaries during summer low flow periods. Sample tributaries drain mixed land cover watersheds ranging in size from 0.150 to 312 km² and outlet directly to Cayuga Lake, New York. Changes in NO₃‐N concentration ratios between each sampling event suggest a high degree of spatial heterogeneity in catchment response across the Cayuga Lake Watershed, ranging from 0.230 to 61.4. Variations in NO₃‐N concentrations within each of the large synoptic sampling events were also high, ranging from 0.040 to 8.7 mg NO₃‐N/l (March) and 0.090 to 15.5 mg NO₃‐N/l (October). Although Pearson correlation coefficients suggest that this variability is related to multiple landscape factors during all four sampling events, partial correlations suggest percentage of row crops in the catchments as the only similar factor in March and October and catchment area as the only factor during summer low flows. Further, the strength of the relationships is typically lower in the HSAs of catchment. Advancing current understanding of such variations and relationships to landscape factors across multiple catchments – and under a variety of biogeochemical and hydrological conditions – is important, as (1) nitrate continues to be employed as an indicator of regional aquatic ecosystem health and services and (2) a unified framework approach for understanding individual catchment processes is a rapidly evolving focus for catchment‐based science and management.     

A study on the carrying capacity of the available habitat for the Rhinopithecus bieti population at Mt. Laojun in Yunnan, China

Background, aim, and scope  The Yunnan snub-nosed monkey is one of the most endangered primates in the world. It is experiencing a range of ongoing threats and the persisting effects of past disturbances. The prospects for this species are not very optimistic because habitat corridors are severely damaged by logging, grazing, and mining. Each group of the monkeys in different areas is facing a unique variety of threats. Based on genetic analysis, Rhinopithecus bieti should be separated into three management units for conservation, of which the Mt. Laojun management unit involves the most endangered primates. Despite the fact that the vegetation on Mt. Laojun is in a relatively pristine state, only two groups of monkeys, of a total of fewer than 300, survive in the area. With this paper, we aimed to address the capacity of the monkeys’ habitat at the study site and the possible reasons for the small populations. Materials and methods  Rapid ecological assessment based on a SPOT 5 image and field survey was used to simulate the vegetation of the whole area based on reference ecological factors of the GIS system. The vegetation map of the site was thus derived from this simulation. Based on the previous studies, the three vegetation types were identified as the suitable habitat of the monkeys. The confusion matrix-based field GPS points were applied to analyze the precision of the habitat map. Based on the map of suitable habitat of the monkeys, the utilization of the habitat and the carrying capacity were analyzed in the GIS. Results  The confusion matrix-based field GPS points were applied to the habitat analysis process, and it was found that the habitat map was 81.3% precise. Then, with the current habitat map, we found that the mixed forest currently used by the monkeys is only a very small fraction (2.65%) of the overall potential habitat of the population, while the dark conifer forest is 4.09%. Discussion  Poaching is the greatest short-term threat to this species, particularly in the southern range where local residents have a strong tradition of hunting. Quite a few individual monkeys are still trapped accidentally due to the high density of traps. These problems are hard to mitigate because it is difficult to enforce laws due to the extremely rugged terrain. Conclusions  The results show that there is a great ecological capacity of the area for the monkey’s survival and a great potential for an expansion of the monkey population at the site. Based on the current population and its geographical range, it can be estimated that the suitable habitat area defined by this study can support more monkeys, about many times the current population. Thus, at least in the Mt. Laojun Area, poaching pressure is the main factor to be responsible for the low density of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys instead of habitat alteration. Recommendations and perspectives  Based on these results, some suggestions relating to conservation can be made: Focus conservation efforts on the current distribution area of the monkeys and create a 20 km buffer zone; design a long-term plan for the suitable habitat outside the buffer zone to set up a wildlife corridor in the long run; establish an association for the local hunters exploiting, their knowledge on the animals to promote monkey conservation and stop poaching. Also, the map derived from the study helps managers to allocate conservation resources more efficiently and enhances the overall outcomes of conservation measures.