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661.
Yu Liu Hongbing Yu Zhenning Lv Sihui Zhan Jiangyao Yang Xinhong Peng Yixuan Ren Xiaoyan Wu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(10):1867-1875
Cerium-doped SiO2/TiO2 nanostructured fibers were fabricated by electrospinning technology. The prepared fibers were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Using the fibers as catalysts, photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) aqueous solution was carried out under simulated sunlight. The 0.2% Ce doping proved to be the optimal concentration for the doping of TiO2/SiO2, compared to other Ce-doped molar concentrations. The 0.2% Ce-doped SiO2/TiO2 fibers exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than industrial Degussa P25 and the samples doped with only Ce or SiO2. The reasons for improving the photocatalytic activity were also discussed. Several operational parameters were studied, which showed that the photocatalytic efficiency of MB was influenced by parameters such as the initial dye concentration, the initial pH, inorganic anions, and so on. In addition, the influences of an electron acceptor and a radical scavenger suggested that OH was the dominant photooxidant during the photocatalytic process. The reuse evaluation of the fibers indicated that their photocatalytic activity had good stability. 相似文献
662.
Senlin L Rui Zhang Zhenkun Yao Fei Yi Jingjing Ren Minghong Wu Man Feng Qingyue Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(5):882-890
Ambient coarse particles (diameter 1.8-10 μm), fine particles (diameter 0.1-1.8 μm), and ultrafine particles (diameter < 0.1 μm) in the atmosphere of the city of Shanghai were sampled during the summer of 2008 (from Aug 27 to Sep 08). Microscopic characterization of the particles was investigated by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). Mass concentrations of Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, and Pb in the size-resolved particles were quantified by using synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF). Source apportionment of the chemical elements was analyzed by means of an enrichment factor method. Our results showed that the average mass concentrations of coarse particles, fine particles and ultrafine particles in the summer air were 9.38 ± 2.18, 8.82 ± 3.52, and 2.02 ± 0.41 μg/m3, respectively. The mass percentage of the fine particles accounted for 51.47% in the total mass of PM10, indicating that fine particles are the major component in the Shanghai ambient particles. SEM/EDX results showed that the coarse particles were dominated by minerals, fine particles by soot aggregates and fly ashes, and ultrafine particles by soot particles and unidentified particles. SRXRF results demonstrated that crustal elements were mainly distributed in the coarse particles, while heavy metals were in higher proportions in the fine particles. Source apportionment revealed that Si, K, Ca, Fe, Mn, Rb, and Sr were from crustal sources, and S, Cl, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, and Pb from anthropogenic sources. Levels of P, V, Cr, and Ni in particles might be contributed from multi-sources, and need further investigation. 相似文献
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664.
反复扰动下加藻对不同形态磷相互转化的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以太湖梅梁湾沉积物和上覆水为材料,研究了反复扰动下加藻与否对沉积物中不同形态磷数量分布的影响.试验结束时,对照试验、单纯反复扰动、加藻反复扰动其上覆水中溶解性总磷(DTP)含量依次增加了75%、62.5%和18.8%,单纯反复扰动和加藻反复扰动试验上覆水中溶解性无机磷(DIP)浓度分别增加了300%和100%.加藻反复扰动和单纯反复扰动下,沉积物中钙磷(Ca-P)的净减少量分别为31mg/kg DW和 9mg/kg DW.表明, DTP和DIP的释放主要取决于沉积物中铁铝结合态磷(Fe/Al-P)和Ca-P的减少量.沉积物中Fe/Al-P和 Ca-P的含量有所降低,主要归因于反复扰动和藻类的同化吸收作用.然而,加藻反复扰动和单纯反复扰动下,藻类可利用磷(AAP)却有所增加.这表明藻类浓度较低时,其对磷的吸附同化量明显低于沉积物中Fe、黏土颗粒以及CaCO3的吸附量.尽管AAP的形成与还原速率很难测定,但其却可以很好地表征沉积物中内源磷的生物有效性.加藻反复扰动下,Ca-P的含量持续降低,这表明藻类吸附同化了部分Ca-P.因此,在一定藻浓度条件下,可用沉积物中NH4Cl-P, AAP, %Ca-P的和来表征生物有效磷(BAP)含量. 相似文献
665.
Potential of weed species applied to remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
WEI Shu-he ZHOU Qi-xing WANG Xin CAO Wei REN Li-pingx REN Li-ping SONG Yu-fang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2004,16(5):868-873
To screen out a series of ideal plants that can effectively remedy contaminated soils by heavy metals is the main groundwork of phytoremediation engineering and the first step of its commercial application on a large scale. In this study, accumulation and endurance of 45 weed species in ]6 families from an agricultural site were in situ examined by using the pot-culture field experiment, and the remediation potential of some weed species with high accumulation of heavy metals was assayed. The results showed that Solanum nigrum and Conyza canadensis can not only accumulate high concentration of Cd, but also strongly endure to single Cd and Cd-Pb-Cu-Zn combined pollution. Thus 2 weed species can be regarded as good hyperaccumulators for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soils. Although there were high Cd-accumulation in Artemigia selengensis, Znula britannica and Cephalanoplos setosum, their biomass was adversely affected due to action of heavy metals in the soils. If the problem of low endurance to heavy metals can be solved by a reinforcer, 3 weed species can be perhaps applied commercially. 相似文献
666.
介绍一例换热车间噪声的综合治理工程 ,通过减振、隔声、消声和吸声等治理措施 ,使换热车间内产生的噪声得到了有效的控制 相似文献
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668.
669.
670.
Fu Xu Zhenxing Huang Hengfeng Miao Hongyan Ren Mingxing Zhao Wenquan Ruan 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(10):2031-2040
Two identical full-scale biogas-lift reactors treating brewery wastewater were inoculated with different types of sludge to compare their operational conditions, sludge characteristics, and kinetic models at a mesophilic temperature. One reactor (R1) started up with anaerobic granular sludge in 12 weeks and obtained a continuously average organic loading rate (OLR) of 7.4 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/(m3.day), COD removal efficiency of 80%, and effluent COD of 450 mg/L. The other reactor (R2) started up with residual activated sludge in 30 weeks and granulation accomplished when the reactor reached an average OLR of 8.3 kg COD/(m^3·day), COD removal efficiency of 90%, and effluent COD of 240 mg/L. Differences in sludge characteristics,biogas compositions, and biogas- lift processes may be accounted for the superior efficiency of the treatment performance of R2 over R1. Grau second-order and modified StoverKincannon models based on influent and effluent concentrations as well as hydraulic retention time were successfully used to develop kinetic parameters of the experimental data with high correlation coefficients (R2 〉 0.95), which further showed that R2 had higher treatment performance than R1. These results demonstrated that residual activated sludge could be used effectively instead of anaerobic granular sludge despite the need for a longer time. 相似文献