排序方式: 共有41条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Aniza P. Mahyuddin Abhiram Kanneganti Jeslyn J.L. Wong Pooja S. Dimri Lin L. Su Arijit Biswas Sebastian E. Illanes Citra N. Z. Mattar Ruby Y.-J. Huang Mahesh Choolani 《黑龙江环境通报》2020,40(13):1655-1670
There remain unanswered questions concerning mother-to-child-transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Despite reports of neonatal COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 has not been consistently isolated in perinatal samples, thus definitive proof of transplacental infection is still lacking. To address these questions, we assessed investigative tools used to confirm maternal-fetal infection and known protective mechanisms of the placental barrier that prevent transplacental pathogen migration. Forty studies of COVID-19 pregnancies reviewed suggest a lack of consensus on diagnostic strategy for congenital infection. Although real-time polymerase chain reaction of neonatal swabs was universally performed, a wide range of clinical samples was screened including vaginal secretions (22.5%), amniotic fluid (35%), breast milk (22.5%) and umbilical cord blood. Neonatal COVID-19 was reported in eight studies, two of which were based on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgM in neonatal blood. Histological examination demonstrated sparse viral particles, vascular malperfusion and inflammation in the placenta from pregnant women with COVID-19. The paucity of placental co-expression of ACE-2 and TMPRSS2, two receptors involved in cytoplasmic entry of SARS-CoV-2, may explain its relative insensitivity to transplacental infection. Viral interactions may utilise membrane receptors other than ACE-2 thus, tissue susceptibility may be broader than currently known. Further spatial-temporal studies are needed to determine the true potential for transplacental migration. 相似文献
32.
Michael D. Waters Vincent F. Simmon Ruby Valencia Ann D. Mitchell Ted A. Jorgenson 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):867-906
Abstract In the last few years, marked progress has been made in the development of methods for evaluating the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of pesticide chemicals. The correlation of genetic and related biological activity in short‐term tests with carcinogenic activity in whole animals allows the utilization of short‐term mutagenicity bioassays to prescreen chemicals for effects related to mutation induction and presumptive carcinogenicity. In addition, bioassays now available can measure directly the chemical transformation of normal cells in culture into cells capable of producing tumors when injected into animals. This paper will review briefly the major types of relevant short‐term tests and will develop a rationale for a phased approach to the evaluation of the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of environmental chemicals. This approach involves the sequential application of bioassays which are organized into a three‐level matrix emphasizing first detection, then confirmation, and finally hazard assessment. Chemicals demonstrating positive results in the short‐term detection systems and confirmatory bioassays are pursued in higher level whole animal tests. A core battery of tests is proposed to operationally define a negative result. The phased approach should facilitate a cost effective utilization of limited testing resources and provide protection for human health in proportion to the anticipated hazard. Results obtained in evaluating a series of thirty‐eight pesticide chemicals according to the phased approach are discussed in detail. 相似文献
33.
Bagó B Martín Y Mejía G Broto-Puig F Díaz-Ferrero J Agut M Comellas L 《Chemosphere》2005,59(8):1191-1195
DEHP was quantified into sewage sludge, thermally dried sludge and compost samples from different areas of Catalonia (North East Spain) using high-resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) coupled to a mass spectrometry (MS). The aim of the work was to determine the evolution of this ubiquitous environmental contaminant along some post-treatment sludge processes, such as composting and thermally drying. DEHP concentration detected in some sludges are above the maximum limit suggested by the EC (100 ppm d.m.) for agricultural use. However, the composting and thermally drying reduce the amount of DEHP in sewage sludge to acceptable level for safe land application. The study was completed with the characterization and long-term observation of DEHP in sewage sludge, composted sludge and thermally dried sludge mixed with two types of soils. In all cases, the percentage of DEHP degraded was higher than 50% after 9 months of incubation. 相似文献
34.
L. Ruby Leung Mark S. Wigmosta 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(6):1463-1471
ABSTRACT: Global climate change due to the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has serious potential impacts on water resources in the Pacific Northwest. Climate scenarios produced by general circulation models (GCMs) do not provide enough spatial specificity for studying water resources in mountain watersheds. This study uses dynamical downscaling with a regional climate model (RCM) driven by a GCM to simulate climate change scenarios. The RCM uses a subgrid parameterization of orographic precipitation and land surface cover to simulate surface climate at the spatial scale suitable for the representation of topographic effects over mountainous regions. Numerical experiments have been performed to simulate the present-day climatology and the climate conditions corresponding to a doubling of atmospheric CO2 concentration. The RCM results indicate an average warming of about 2.5°C, and precipitation generally increases over the Pacific Northwest and decreases over California. These simulations were used to drive a distributed hydrology model of two snow dominated watersheds, the American River and Middle Fork Flathead, in the Pacific Northwest to obtain more detailed estimates of the sensitivity of water resources to climate change. Results show that as more precipitation falls as rain rather than snow in the warmer climate, there is a 60 percent reduction in snowpack and a significant shift in the seasonal pattern of streamflow in the American River. Much less drastic changes are found in the Middle Fork Flathead where snowpack is only reduced by 18 percent and the seasonal pattern of streamflow remains intact. This study shows that the impacts of climate change on water resources are highly region specific. Furthermore, under the specific climate change scenario, the impacts are largely driven by the warming trend rather than the precipitation trend, which is small. 相似文献
35.
Sydney M. Collins Jack G. Hendrix Quinn M. R. Webber Sean P. Boyle Katrien A. Kingdon Robert J. Blackmore Kyle J. N. d'Entremont Jennifer Hogg Juan P. Ibáñez Joanie L. Kennah Jessika Lamarre Miguel Mejías Levi Newediuk Cerren Richards Katrina Schwedak Chirathi Wijekulathilake Julie W. Turner 《Conservation biology》2023,37(2):e14021
Consistent individual differences in behavior, commonly termed animal personality, are a widespread phenomenon across taxa that have important consequences for fitness, natural selection, and trophic interactions. Animal personality research may prove useful in several conservation contexts, but which contexts remains to be determined. We conducted a structured literature review of 654 studies identified by combining search terms for animal personality and various conservation subfields. We scored the relevance of personality and conservation issues for each study to identify which studies meaningfully integrated the 2 fields as opposed to surface-level connections or vague allusions. We found a taxonomic bias toward mammals (29% of all studies). Very few amphibian or reptile studies applied personality research to conservation issues (6% each). Climate change (21%), invasive species (15%), and captive breeding and reintroduction (13%) were the most abundant conservation subfields that occurred in our search, though a substantial proportion of these papers weakly integrated conservation and animal personality (climate change 54%, invasive species 51%, captive breeding and reintroduction 40%). Based on our results, we recommend that researchers strive for consistent and broadly applicable terminology when describing consistent behavioral differences to minimize confusion and improve the searchability of research. We identify several gaps in the literature that appear to be promising and fruitful avenues for future research, such as disease transmission as a function of sociability or exploration as a driver of space use in protected areas. Practitioners can begin informing future conservation efforts with knowledge gained from animal personality research. 相似文献
36.
Chávez-Sánchez María-Cristina Abad-Rosales Selene Lozano-Olvera Rodolfo Montoya-Rodríguez Leobardo Franco-Nava Miguel Ángel Mejía-Ruíz Claudio Humberto Pestryakov Alexey Bogdanchikova Nina 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(7):8224-8234
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The objective of this study was to evaluate the histopathological alterations in juvenile Penaeus vannamei caused by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for... 相似文献
37.
Zarza Eugenia Diego-García Elia García Luz Verónica Castro Ricardo Mejía Gamaliel Herrera David Cuevas Raúl Palomeque Ángeles Iša Pavel Guillén Karina 《Food and environmental virology》2022,14(2):199-211
Food and Environmental Virology - The COVID-19 pandemic has been monitored by applying different strategies, including SARS-CoV-2 detection with clinical testing or through wastewater-based... 相似文献
38.
Ruby Ray Richard Taylor Chris Chapman 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2012,90(3):213-220
The Gasplasma® process developed by APP is an advanced thermal conversion (ATC) technology which has been developed for the treatment of household and trade wastes and has also been successfully applied to the handling of wastes derived from landfill and would be capable of achieving effective energy conversion when utilised as an integrated part of the Enhanced Landfill Mining (ELFM) concept.The core Gasplasma® technology comprises a two-stage thermal treatment system—firstly, a fluidizing bed gasifier which converts the wastes to a crude syngas using oxy-steam and, secondly, a plasma converter that efficiently cracks problematic tars in the raw syngas to produce a reformed and clean syngas suitable for generating electrical power in gas engines and also recovering an environmentally stable vitrified product for use as a secondary aggregate material. The utilization of oxy-steam as a gasifying agent greatly reduces the syngas volume compared to other ATC processes and incineration and hence reduces the cost of the gas cleaning system while improving the efficiency of the process. By adopting this two-stage approach, high energy conversion (74–90%) and carbon conversion (95 ± 1.6%) efficiencies were achieved with the Gasplasma® plant that compare favourably with published efficiencies data. The calculated net exportable power generation efficiency for a commercial scale plant is significantly in excess of 25%. This compares well with the published figures of 17.7–23% for fluidized bed technologies processing MSW. 相似文献
39.
Shakil Visram Ming-Che Yang Ruby Moothien Pillay Sadri Said Oskar Henriksson Mats Grahn Chaolun Allen Chen 《Marine Biology》2010,157(7):1475-1487
Studies on genetic connectivity are essential for the design of management strategies for coral reef fisheries. In this study
we used a mitochondrial DNA marker to investigate population structure of the reef-associated parrotfish, Scarus ghobban, from four countries, Kenya, Mauritius, Seychelles and Tanzania, in the western Indian Ocean. We obtained nucleotide sequences
of the mitochondrial control region for 117 individuals. Measures of haplotype diversity were relatively high. Pairwise population
differentiation (F
ST) was low, but not always non-significant. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed genetic differentiation between groups,
when the data was partitioned into two groups consisting of samples from Mauritius and Tanzania in one group, and samples
from Kenya and Seychelles in another group. Direction of gene flow was estimated using a Bayesian approach. Migration was
sometimes asymmetric or directional, coinciding with the flow of major oceanic and coastal currents in the region. Mismatch
distributions, based on the observed number of differences among haplotype pairs, produced a unimodal distribution, indicative
of recent demographic expansion. Phylogenetic analyses revealed three clades without any geographic structure, suggesting
recent migration between historically isolated lineages. We reconstructed the historical demography of S. ghobban and examined it in the context of Pleistocene climate stages and changes in relative sea level. Overall, these results showed
that populations of S. ghobban are genetically diverse and have relatively high gene flow, with some genetic structuring in the western Indian Ocean. 相似文献
40.
Mignucci-Giannoni AA Montoya-Ospina RA Jiménez-Marrero NM Rodr&íguez-López MA Williams EH Bonde RK 《Environmental management》2000,25(2):189-198
Trichechus manatus ) in Puerto Rico is mortality due to human activities. We assessed 90 cases of manatee strandings in Puerto Rico based on
historical data and a coordinated carcass salvage effort from 1990 through 1995. We determined patterns of mortality, including
type of event, condition of carcasses, spatial and temporal distribution, gender, size/age class, and the cause of death.
The spatial distribution of stranding events was not uniform, with the north, northeast, and south coasts having the highest
numbers. Six clusters representing the highest incidence included the areas of Fajardo and Ceiba, Bahía de Jobos, Toa Baja,
Guayanilla, Cabo Rojo, and Rio Grande to Luquillo. The number of reported cases has increased at an average rate of 9.6%/yr
since 1990. The seasonality of stranding events showed a bimodal pattern, from February through April and in August and September.
Most identified causes of death were due to human interaction, especially captures and watercraft collisions. Natural causes
usually involved dependent calves. From 1990 through 1995, most deaths were attributed to watercraft collisions. A reduction
in anthropogenic mortality of this endangered species can be accomplished only through education and a proactive management
and conservation plan that includes law enforcement, mortality assessment, scientific research, rescue and rehabilitation,
and inter- and intraagency cooperation. 相似文献