黑土微生物量和酶活性对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯污染的响应

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(di-n-butyl phthalate,DBP)是一种在环境中广泛存在的有毒有机化合物,已被我国列为优先控制污染物之一。本研究探讨了不同浓度的DBP污染对黑土呼吸、微生物量以及黑土酶活性的影响。结果表明,DBP污染处理的黑土呼吸速率和微生物量碳较对照均显著增加;微生物氮在DBP污染过程中呈"降低-升高-降低"波动性变化;微生物磷与DBP污染浓度呈显著负相关;DBP对黑土多酚氧化酶表现为先促进后抑制,对转化酶和蛋白酶活性表现为低浓度促进而高浓度抑制;在DBP污染过程中脲酶呈现被激活状态;黑土过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶均受到DBP污染的显著抑制。通过相关性分析发现,土壤微生物量、土壤酶活性与DBP污染浓度之间存在着高度的相关性。由此可推断,DBP污染改变了黑土呼吸、微生物量和酶学活性的代谢特征,进而有可能影响了黑土的生态系统功能,威胁到黑土的可持续利用。     

Effect of temperature on the sorption and desorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate on humic acid

Sorption and desorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on humic acid at different temperatures were studied. It was found that the sorption process could be modeled with power kinetic equation very well, suggesting that diflusion predominated the sorption of PFOS on the humic acid. The sorption capacity was doubled when the temperature increased from 5 to 35°C, and thermodynamics parameters △G0 was calculated to be -7.11 to -5.04 kJ/mol, △H0 was 14.2 kJ/mol, and △S 0 was 69.5 J/(mol·K), indicating that the sorption was a spontaneous, endothermic, and entropy driven process. Desorption hysteresis occurred at all studied temperatures which suggested that humic acid may be an important sink of PFOS in the environment.     

福建省胃癌高发区环境地质、地球化学特征分析

采用多元统计方法,从福建省14个市、县的52个乡、镇、市区调查结果表明,胃癌死亡率以40/10万为界,分为胃癌高发区和中低发区,两者间地理分布差异明显。胃癌高发区位于中部沿海平原,地质背景以第四纪海积层为主,四周为中生代酸性－中酸性火山岩及花岗岩类侵入体。区内断裂构造发育。环境地球化学以缺乏铁、钴、镍、钒与异常富集的汞、金、钡为特征,其中,铁、钴的协同抑制胃癌高发区有明显的作用,金、汞协同诱发胃癌的作用值得进一步研究。     

2017～2018年荆州城区空气质量分布及重污染天气特征分析

利用2017年1月至2018年12月荆州城区3个国家环境空气质量监测点的污染物监测数据和荆州国家气象站地面气象要素观测数据,采用统计学方法,对荆州城区空气质量分布及重污染过程天气特征进行了初步分析,结果表明:空气污染综合指数冬季最高,春秋季次之,夏季最低;PM2.5、PM10、 CO和NO2的浓度在上午和傍晚至上半夜其...     

湖泊富营养化的形成机理与防治对策

分析了湖泊富营养化的形成机理，并从湖泊治理人才队伍的组建、控制目标的设定、外源性营养物质的控制、内源性营养物质的控制、湖泊生物-生态修复、管理等10个方面探讨了富营养化湖泊的防治对策，指出防治湖泊富营养化是一项复杂的系统工程，必须从控制污染源出发，重点开展生物-生态修复、完善管理对策，有计划分层次地逐步实施。     

上海地区的湿地资源及其保护

介绍了海地区的湿地类型、分布、湿地资源及其利用与保护，提出了加强湿地研究的重点领域。上海地区自然湿地面积为４３００９ｈｍ＾２，以海滨沼泽为主；人工湿地以稻田为主，约为２５００００ｈｍ＾２，湿地中的动，植物资源，土地资源相当丰富，是上海地区最重要的自然资源，目前，上海的湿地利用以发展农、林、渔业为主，工程利用率则呈逐年增加的势头。加强对湿地资源的动态研究，对湿地的环境功能，合理利用与保护模式及人类活     

Effective adsorption of sulfamethoxazole, bisphenol A and methyl orange on nanoporous carbon derived from metal-organic frameworks

Nanoporous carbons(NPCs) derived from metal–organic frameworks(MOFs) are attracting increasing attention in many areas by virtue of their high specific surface area, large pore volume and unique porosity. The present work reports the preparation of an NPC with high surface area(1731 m~2/g) and pore volume(1.68 cm~3/g) by direct carbonization of MOF-5. We examined the adsorption of three typical contaminants from aqueous solutions, i.e., sulfamethoxazole(SMX),bisphenol A(BPA) and methyl orange(MO), by using the as-prepared NPC. The results demonstrated that NPC could adsorb the contaminants effectively, with adsorption capacity(qm) of 625 mg/g(SMX), 757 mg/g(BPA) and 872 mg/g(MO), respectively. These values were approximately 1.0-3.2 times higher than those obtained for single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) and commercial powder active carbon(PAC) under the same conditions. With its high surface area and unique meso/macropore structure, the enhanced adsorption of NPC most likely originates from the cooperative interaction of a pore-filling mechanism, electrostatic interaction,and hydrogen bonding. In particular, the p H value has a crucial impact on adsorption, suggesting the significant contribution of electrostatic interaction between NPC and the contaminants. This study provides a proof-of-concept demonstration of MOF-derived nanoporous carbons as effective adsorbents of contaminants for water treatment.     

基于WebGIS的水资源管理信息系统开发研究

对需要管理和发布大量数据、要求功能强大的水环境信息Web发布系统来说,ArcIMS是一个理想的开发平台软件。文章提出了建立基于ArcIMS的某市水利工情信息发布系统的思想,该系统应用ArcIMS创建和管理地图服务,选择使用ASP语言并结合JavaScript技术,根据用户需求定制了水利信息发布网站,实现了地图浏览、空间查询等常见的GIS功能。     

兵团土地利用变化及其生态系统服务价值分析

运用谢高地等人提出的生态服务价值系数,根据土地利用变化研究了新疆生产建设兵团(简称兵团)的生态服务价值变化。结果表明①兵团生态服务价值在2001-2009年呈增加趋势,单位面积生态服务价值从2001年的5234.13元/hm2.a-1增长到2009年的5354.19元/hm2.a-1,增长率为2.29%。②2001-2009年,兵团林地和水域的生态服务价值分别增加了10.73×108元和10.39×108元,牧草地、园地和建设用地的生态服务价值有略微的增加,耕地和未利用地的生态服务价值有略微的减少。③研究区生态经济的发展已经处于协调水平的边缘,需要加强对生态保护的力度。     

Hedging Rules for the Operation of Lake Okeechobee in Southern Florida

Lake Okeechobee is the major source of freshwater in Southern Florida. With the increasing possibility of water stress, determining how to manage water during drought periods is essential to the operation of the Lake. This study deals with operational problems related to the management of Lake Okeechobee and the challenges involved in the implementation of hedging policy. We examine the implications of applying a theoretical hedging rule approach, comprising inter‐ and intrayear models, for the management of Lake Okeechobee and explore several optional hedging policies. The results demonstrate that hedging rules could reduce profit loss particularly under serious water stress, and might be applied sooner to mitigate the risk of severe water shortages. We suggested that the management of Lake Okeechobee should consider both short‐ and long‐term hedging nested. It is also demonstrated that the practical applicability of rolling decision making with updated forecast. Based on the results of the model, the merits of explicit optional hedging rules are demonstrated.