2017～2018年荆州城区空气质量分布及重污染天气特征分析

利用2017年1月至2018年12月荆州城区3个国家环境空气质量监测点的污染物监测数据和荆州国家气象站地面气象要素观测数据,采用统计学方法,对荆州城区空气质量分布及重污染过程天气特征进行了初步分析,结果表明:空气污染综合指数冬季最高,春秋季次之,夏季最低;PM2.5、PM10、 CO和NO2的浓度在上午和傍晚至上半夜其...     

Characteristics of chemical components in PM<Subscript>2.5</Subscript> at a plateau city,South-west China

A sampling campaign including summer, autumn and winter of 2014 and spring of 2015 was accomplished to obtain the characteristic of chemical components in PM_2.5 at three sites of Kunming, a plateau city in South-west China. Nine kinds of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSI), organic and element carbon (OC and EC) in PM_2.5 were analyzed by ion chromatography and thermal optical reflectance method, respectively. Results showed that the average concentrations of total WSI, OC and EC were 22.85±10.95 µg·m^-3, 17.83±9.57 µg·m^-3 and 5.11±4.29 µg·m^-3, respectively. They totally accounted for 53.0% of PM_2.5. Secondary organic and inorganic aerosols (SOA and SIA) were also assessed by the minimum ratio of OC/EC, nitrogen and sulfur oxidation ratios. The annual average concentrations of SOA and SIA totally accounted for 28.3% of the PM_2.5 concentration. The low proportion suggested the primary emission was the main source of PM_2.5 in Kunming. However, secondary pollution in the plateau city should also not be ignorable, due to the appropriate temperature and strong solar radiation, which can promote the atmospheric photochemical reactions.

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掺聚丙烯纤维的高强混凝土高温性能研究

高强混凝土的渗透性很低,高温下可能出现爆裂破坏现象,严重影响混凝土及其内部钢筋的结构使用性能。本文通过改变聚丙烯纤维掺量,研究其改善高强混凝土高温爆裂性能,以及高温后高强混凝土吸水率、剩余强度性能及其恢复性能。     

广东省海水养殖对海区环境影响的夏季调查

在2000年夏季对广东省汕头、惠阳、珠海、阳江和湛江等沿海地区一些养殖区域与非养殖区域水体中氮、磷和浮游动植物等指标进行测定,分析夏季海水养殖给海区水环境造成的压力.结果表明,养殖区总氮、颗粒态总氮、总磷、颗粒态总磷含量分别为0.506～1.244μmol/L、0.367～1.066μmol/L、0.¨2～0.232μmol/L、0.054～0.157μmol/L,这些指标在养殖区高于非养殖区;养殖区与非养殖区的溶解态总氮、溶解态总磷、总氮总磷比值、溶解态总氮溶解态总磷比值无显著性差异.5个地点养殖区与非养殖区的浮游植物主要是角毛藻属Chaetoceros中的种类占优势;而浮游动物中占优势的主要是桡足类,包括成体与无节幼体.水产养殖对养殖海区浮游动植物的种类数目总个体数均无显著影响,但影响了生物多样性,并对某些浮游生物种类有促进作用或抑制作用.     

梯-潭结构型泥石流排导槽消能特征试验研究

梯-潭结构型排导槽是一种适用于大比降沟床条件下的泥石流排导工程措施,因其良好的防治功效和工程价值而具有较好的应用前景。选取泥石流容重、规模和潭深为主要影响因素,通过水槽试验模拟泥石流在梯-潭结构型排导槽中的运动过程。结果表明,潭内表层铺填的砾石在泥石流浆体强烈的紊动和大颗粒冲击碰撞下发生明显的物质交换现象,且排导过渡性泥石流时物质交换现象最为强烈,稀性泥石流次之,粘性泥石流则相对较弱;梯-潭结构型排导槽的消能主要体现在泥石流通过梯-潭结构时泥深变化和加剧紊流两个方面;梯-潭结构的消能效率与潭深呈正相关关系,且消能率基本大于20%,最大消能率可达73.93%。当潭深过大时,梯-潭结构对泥石流表现出明显的拦截作用,虽消能效果明显,但与排导宗旨相悖。而泥石流规模对梯-潭结构消能的影响相对较小,整体呈现规模越小消能率越高的趋势。     

Application of recycled aggregate porous concrete pile (RAPP) to improve soft ground

In this study, a series of laboratory chamber tests was carried out to evaluate the applicability of a porous concrete pile fabricated with recycled aggregates for soft ground improvement. The recycled aggregate porous concrete pile (RAPP) has been developed to replace natural aggregates and to overcome technical problems associated with the conventional compaction piling systems. The laboratory chamber tests for evaluating the performance of RAPP were carried out with a cylindrical mold of 280?mm in internal diameter and 580?mm in height. A replacement area ratio of 5?% and three different loading steps were applied in the chamber tests. The experimental results of the surface settlement, excess pore pressure and vertical stress distribution versus time were compared with those of the sand compaction pile (SCP) reinforced composite ground under the same experimental condition. In addition, the experimental results were compared with the numerical simulation using ABAQUS. The current study shows that the settlement reduction in the RAPP-reinforced system is?significantly enhanced due to load transfer from the soil formation to the RAPP. Furthermore, the comparison of consolidation rates shows that the RAPP can also accelerate the consolidation of soft clay formation because the RAPP behaves as a vertical drain.     

企业生产安全事故应急救援预案编制技术的研究

企业编制生产安全事故应急救援预案是企业建立生产安全事故应急管理体系的基础工作,对于企业提高生产安全事故应急救援能力,降低企业生产安全事故损失具有重大意义。笔者在对广州发展油品经营有限公司南沙油库事故应急救援预案编制技术的研究基础上,进一步阐述了企业生产安全事故应急管理体系结构,指出了企业生产安全事故应急救援预案编制的总体思路,并从企业生产安全事故应急救援预案编制的技术层面,论述了企业生产安全事故应急救援预案的体系框架及文件要素,指出企业生产安全事故应急救援预案的体系框架可以由总预案和程序文件体系两大部分组成,文件要素可以由2个一级要素、18个二级要素和2 8个三级要素组成。笔者论述的企业生产安全事故应急救援预案编制技术已经在广东省数百家企业得到宣传应用,取得了良好的社会效益。     

Sorption of MS2 bacteriophage to layered double hydroxides: effects of reaction time, pH, and competing anions

Batch sorption and column breakthrough studies were conducted to investigate the potential of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) to remove bacteriophage MS2 from contaminated waters. All four of the LDHs evaluated in this study had very high retention capacities for MS2. Sorption results showed that MS2 could be completely removed from 5.2 x 10(2) plaque-forming units (pfu)/mL solution by Mg-Al LDH 2 (i.e., 2:1 Mg to Al ratio LDH), with the highest sorption capacity observed in this study of 1.51 x 10(10) pfu/g. Attachment of MS2 to LDHs was a rapid process and reached quasi-equilibrium after a 1-h reaction time. Within the pH range studied (pH 4-9), Mg-Al LDH 2 showed high sorption potential for MS2 at all pH values but sorption decreased slightly with increasing solution pH. Background solution anions influenced virus sorption, with SO4(2-) and HPO4(2-) decreasing sorption significantly whereas the presence of NO3- had little effect on the attachment of MS2 to Mg-Al LDH 2. The addition of another virus (phiX174) only caused a slight decrease in the retention of MS2 by Mg-Al LDH 2, suggesting that there was insignificant competitive sorption between MS2 and phiX174 on LDH surfaces. Results from column experiments indicate that there was no MS2 breakthrough from columns packed with Mg-Al LDH 2-coated sand, suggesting complete MS2 retention at the virus concentration tested. The high mass recovery by beef extract solution revealed that the removal of viruses by the LDH was due to sorption of MS2 to LDH surfaces, rather than inactivation.     

应急物流能力的内涵剖析与构成体系

从基于能力的崭新视角对应急物流管理进行了分析。首先提出应急物流能力的概念,并从时效性、柔性、独特性、开放与可扩展性、整体性5个方面对其特征进行了剖析。按照研究范围的大小,将应急物流能力划分为宏观、中观和微观3个层面,并从物流活动的性质、物流系统的抽象特征和物流能力构成要素的特点3个角度,对微观应急物流能力的体系结构与框架进行了建构。     

好氧颗粒污泥颗粒化影响因素及应用现状

好氧颗粒具有良好的沉降性能、较高的生物量和高容积负荷条件下降解高浓度有机废水的良好生物活性,是提高生物反应器效能的重要物质。文章综述了好氧颗粒污泥的形成机制、颗粒化过程的主要影响因素以及在污水处理中的应用现状等三方面国内外好氧颗粒污泥的研究成果,并提出了好氧颗粒污泥的研究方向及发展趋势。