生物流化床法处理废水的研究与应用进展

介绍了国内外应用生物流化床法处理废水的研究及技术进展，着重阐述了好氧流化床与厌氧流化床的发展,概况，并介绍了几种新型生物流化反应器，指出了今后进一步研究与应用生物流化床的前景与努力方向。     

吸附-催化氧化法深度去除采油废水中COD的研究

采用载铜活性炭和废水中溶解氧体系,用催化氧化法深度去除采油废水中的COD.活性炭用质量分数为7.5%的Cu(NO3)2溶液浸渍,在260℃下还原固化,制得催化剂.采用固定床式水处理柱,对混凝沉降处理后COD难以达标的采油废水进行了深度处理研究.pH为7.5±0.5、经曝气处理后的采油废水,在25～35℃条件下与催化体系接触2h,可将45倍于催化剂体积的采油废水中的COD由400mg/L以上降至100mg/L以下.催化剂可以再生.     

浙江“99630”特大洪水中水利工程的防洪减灾作用

1999年梅雨期间,浙北的杭嘉湖地区和新安江流域发生了百年未遇的洪灾-“99630”特大洪水。这次洪水的降雨、水位都超过历史记录。在特大灾害面前,各级防汛部门精心调度,正确指挥,各地发扬风格,团结抗洪,各类水利工程充分发挥了防洪减灾作用。     

多孔介质中柴油的挥发和残留特性

研究了柴油在多孔介质中的挥发、淋溶和残留特性.实验结果表明:亚轴土中柴油挥发率最高,达22.1%;细砂次之,为19.8%;粗砂最低,为12.4%;初始阶段淋溶液中柴油质量浓度较高,随后逐渐减小并趋于稳定;淋溶状态下,粗砂、细砂和亚轴土中柴油释放速率依次降低;挥发和淋溶后,粗砂、细砂和亚轴土中的柴油残留量为30.0 ～ ...     

厌氧消化过程中Fe,Co,Ni对NH4^＋—N的拮抗作用

论文以血清瓶为间歇反应器,以醋酸钙为基质,研究了厌氧消化过程中甲烷菌所需要的微量金属营养元素Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、ＮＩ（１．０ｍｇ／（Ｌ．ｄ）,０．１ｍｇ／（Ｌ．ｄ）,０．２ｍｇ／（Ｌ．ｄ）对毒性物质ＮＨ４＾＋－Ｎ的拮抗作用,研究结果表明,Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ对毒性物质ＮＨ４＾＋－Ｎ有明显的拮抗作用,而且ＮＨ４＾＋－Ｎ浓度越高,Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ对其毒性的拮抗作用越明显。     

FDI对产业结构的影响——基于高技术产业的视角

基于高技术产业的视角,运用统计方法分析了FDI对产业结构的影响,结果表明:FDI推动了高新技术产业的发展,即通过投资直接优化了产业结构;但FDI企业技术水平不高和研发水平均比较低,决定了潜在的技术溢出效应有限,外资企业生产本地化程度反映的实际溢出效应也证实了这一点,因此FDI没有通过溢出效应优化产业结构.表5,参3.     

Characteristics and influence factors of NO2 exchange flux between the atmosphere and P. nigra

Nitrogen dioxide(NO_2)is an important substance in atmospheric photochemical processes and can also be absorbed by plants.N02 fluxes between the atmosphere and P.nigrc seedlings were investigated by a double dynamic chambers method in Beijing from June 15to September 3,2017.The range of N02 exchange fluxes between P.nigra seedlings and the atmosphere was from-14.6 to 0.8 nmol/(m~2.sec)(the positive data represent N02 emissior from trees,while the negative values indicate absorption).Under ambient concentrations the mean NO_2 flux during the fast-growing stage(Jun.15-Aug.4)was-3.0 nmol/(m2·sec)greater than the flux of-1.5 nmol/(m2-sec)during the later growth stage(Aug.8-Sept.3)The daily exchange fluxes of NO_2 obviously fluctuated.The fluxes were largest in the morning and decreased gradually over time.Additionally,the N02 fluxes were larger undei high light intensities than under low light intensities during the whole growth period.The effects of temperature on N02 fluxes were different under two growth periods.The NO_2exchange fluxes were larger in a range of temperatures close to 44℃in the fast-growing stage,whereas there were no evident differences in N02 exchange fluxes under widel differing temperatures in the later growth stage.Under polluted conditions,the uptake ability of N02 was weakened.Additionally,the compensation point of N02 was 5.6 ppb ir the fast-growing stage,whereas it was 1.4 ppb in the later growth stage.The depositior velocities of NO_2 were between 0.3 and 2.4 mm/sec.     

微气泡曝气生物膜反应器处理低C/N比废水脱氮过程

微气泡曝气生物膜反应器是微气泡曝气技术与好氧生物处理相结合的新型处理工艺.本研究采用微气泡曝气生物膜反应器在低气水比下处理低C/N比废水,考察了生物脱氮过程和性能,并分析了脱氮功能菌群变化.结果表明,通过低气水比(小于1∶2)控制DO浓度并降低进水C/N比,可以实现生物脱氮过程从同步硝化-反硝化向同步短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化-反硝化(SNAD)过程转变,并可获得较高的低C/N比废水生物脱氮性能. DO浓度低于1. 0 mg·L-1、进水C/N比为1∶2. 8时,SNAD过程成为生物脱氮的主要途径,TN平均去除率可达到76. 3%,TN平均去除负荷为1. 42 kg·(m3·d)-1,厌氧氨氧化过程对TN去除的贡献率为86. 0%.随着进水C/N比降低,生物膜中亚硝化菌群和厌氧氨氧化菌群的相对丰度逐渐增加,而硝化菌群和反硝化菌群的相对丰度逐渐降低.生物脱氮功能菌群变化与脱氮过程转变为SNAD过程相一致.     

Continuous pollution monitoring using Photobacterium phosphoreum

Photobacterium phosphoreum is a marine bacterium which is used extensively as a bioluminescent indicator of pollutants, where the presence of toxicants diminishes light output. To evaluate the utility of cell immobilisation in continuous toxicity testing, the sensitivity of P. phosphoreum to five gelling agents was evaluated relative to the retention of bioluminescence in 3% NaCl-glycerol suspensions. Following storage at 4°C, the control cultures retained light output for up to 2 weeks before significant decline; alginate-glycerol suspensions were stable for up to 4 weeks and bioluminescence was detectable for up to 6 weeks. Cells stored in agar were no more stable than the control, whereas cells gelled in agarose and low-melting point agarose showed a significant decline in bioluminescence within 2 weeks of storage. Bioluminescence was totally retained in alginate-glycerol suspensions stored at −80°C for up to 12 weeks. P. phosphoreum was successfully immobilised in strontium alginate and showed a dose-related response to four of the five heavy metal ions, SDS and pentachlorophenol tested when responses were followed over a time-course. A flow-through system for Sr-alginate immobilised cells was developed and conditions for operation were optimised. When cells were exposed to a pulse of 4-nitrophenol or salicylate then the nutrient feed continued, bioluminescence declined in response (pulse of 4–6 min) to these pollutants then recovered to a new stable rate of decline which was faster than the pre-exposure rate. These results demonstrate the potential of using immobilised P. phosphoreum in a continuous flow-through system for real-time environmental monitoring of water quality.     

Conflict values and team relationships: conflict's contribution to team effectiveness and citizenship in China

Although conflict has traditionally been considered destructive, especially in collectivist societies like China, recent studies indicate that valuing and approaching conflict can contribute to effective teamwork. A hundred and six pairs of employees and their leaders were recruited from State Owned Enterprises in Shanghai and Nanjing. Employees described their conflict values and relationships. Their immediate supervisors rated the effectiveness of their teams and the extent of their citizenship behavior. Results indicate that positive conflict attitudes and approaching conflict can contribute to strong relationships, which in turn strengthen team effectiveness and employee citizenship. Findings suggest that how conflict values affect relationships and outcomes are more differentiated than originally expected. Results were interpreted as supporting the traditional idea that relationships are critical for effective organization work in China but also challenging future research to understand the processes by which conflict has a positive contribution to work relationships. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.