四川省能源消费的CO2排放状况及减排对策

根据中提供的碳排放计量方法,计算了四川省1999-2008年能源消费的CO2排放量、CO2排放强度以及能源消费各部门的CO2排放量,并根据结果分析了影响CO2排放量变化的主要因素.结果表明,1999-2008年,四川省能源消费CO2排放量总体呈上升趋势;CO2排放量受能源消费...     

再生水厂原水水质在线预警系统研究与应用

再生水原水水质在线预警系统能够为再生水工艺安全、稳定的运行提供保障.以中国北方T市某再生水厂为例,分析再生水厂进水主要污染指标的变化规律,根据再生水厂的MBR处理工艺特征及要求,确定6项预警指标为pH、COD、TN、NH3-N、TP和SS.在原水水质在线监测系统的基础上,建立了基于神经网络的水质预测方法.结合实际运行情...     

Removal of 2-chlorophenol from water using rice-straw derived ash

Removal of 2-chlorophenol from water using rice-straw derived ash (RSDA) was evaluated in this study to compare with commercial activated carbon. RSDA was obtained by burning rice-straw at 400 °C and 700 °C for 1 h. This ash can provide a better adsorbent for 2-chlorophenol. The adsorption capacities of RSDA at 400 °C and 700 °C are 37 and 52 mg g?1 at pH 4, respectively, and decrease to 9.0 and 40 mg g?1 at pH 10. Adsorption of either neutral or anionic 2-cholorphenol by the RSDA are shown as L-shaped nonlinear isotherms, suggesting surface adsorption rather than partitioning is occurring. At higher-burning temperatures, the surface area, porosity, point of zero charge and aromaticity of the resultant RSDA increase, but the oxygen content and surface acidity decrease. The combined effects result in a higher 2-chlorophenol adsorption of RSDA at 700 °C, which shows a slight pH effect on the adsorption of 2-chlorophenol, due to the lower content of oxygen-containing functional groups. Oxygen-containing functional groups contribute to surface acidity and H-bonding sites for adsorbed water, which compromises the interaction between 2-chlorophenol and the adsorbents. Thus, it suggests that rice-straw derived carbon (RSDC) can be used as an effective low-cost substitute material for activated carbon for removal of chlorophenols from wastewater.     

基于改进的非线性GM(1,1)模型的职业病预测研究

为了更准确地预测职业病,在传统GM(1,1)模型的基础上,提出改进的非线性GM(1,1)模型,在传统的GM(1,1)模型中引入弱化算子,将紧邻均值与原始数据之间的线性假设改为非线性假设,提高曲线的拟合度。以2005—2014年的全国职业病例数为研究对象,进行数据拟合和预测分析,其中以2014年职业病例数作为验证数据,并利用后验差比值和小误差概率2个参数,检验该改进模型的预测精度。由应用实例的分析结果可知:在职业病发病趋势的预测方面,改进的非线性GM(1,1)模型的预测精度提高到一级,曲线拟合度较高,预测得到2015年的职业病例数为34 900例。     

减压塔规整填料腐蚀现状与防护

介绍了减压塔规整填料腐蚀的现状,阐述了介质温度、流速、腐蚀介质种类和填料尺寸等因素对规整填料腐蚀的影响,提出了改变工艺、加注缓蚀剂、改变材质和加强腐蚀检测等防护措施。     

生物膜载体填料-污泥资源化研究

污泥资源化是污泥处置的发展趋势,以脱水污泥为主料,添加适量粉煤灰和粘土,制备生物膜载体填料是实验研究的主要内容。实验表明,污泥使用量为70％、粉煤灰和粘土各15％时,烧成温度为1000±25℃、保温时间为40min,烧制的填料抗压强度能达到25mpa、吸水率17％;用于药厂废水处理测试,在常温下的化学需氧量（CODCr）的平均去除率为74．0％、悬浮物（SS）的去除率为54．1％。使用扫描电镜、显微镜像检测,分析了填料烧制中孔隙形成机理、填料外貌、表面微孔结构等。实验表明,以污泥代替天然原料,在一定条件下可以烧制成填料,并能用作污水处理中生物膜载体。     

Nanomaterials for environmental burden reduction, waste treatment, and nonpoint source pollution control: a review

Nanomaterials are applicable in the areas of reduction of environmental burden, reduction/treatment of industrial and agricultural wastes, and nonpoint source (NPS) pollution control. First, environmental burden reduction involves green process and engineering, emissions control, desulfurization/denitrification of nonrenewable energy sources, and improvement of agriculture and food systems. Second, reduction/treatment of industrial and agricultural wastes involves converting wastes into products, groundwater remediation, adsorption, delaying photocatalysis, and nanomembranes. Third, NPS pollution control involves controlling water pollution. Nanomaterials alter physical properties on a nanoscale due to their high specific surface area to volume ratio. They are used as catalysts, adsorbents, membranes, and additives to increase activity and capability due to their high specific surface areas and nano-sized effects. Thus, nanomaterials are more effective at treating environmental wastes because they reduce the amount of material needed.     

周期换向电絮凝法用于处理含铬废水研究

以铁作为极板,采用周期换向电絮凝法处理含铬废水,考察了初始pH值,电流密度,处理时间,初始质量浓度及周期换向时间等因素的影响.结果表明,在初始pH值为8.0~9.0,电流密度为16.37A/m2,处理时间为3.0min,初始浓度为40mg/l时,总铬和六价铬的去除效果理想,去除率均在99.5%以上;10~15min的换向周期在一定程度上解决了极板钝化问题,可降低10%~20%的能耗.实验结果表明周期换向电絮凝法处理含铬废水效果好,且可降低能耗.     

大气污染物对兰州心脑血管疾病住院影响的病例交叉研究

为探讨兰州市大气污染对心脑血管疾病住院的急性健康效应,采用单向回顾性配对病例交叉设计,分析了兰州市2001~2005年大气污染物浓度(PM10、SO2及NO2)短期升高对人群心脑血管疾病住院的影响.结果表明,单向回顾性1:2匹配病例交叉研究的效应值(ORs)最大,在控制同期天气因素后,滞后3d PM10浓度每升高10μg/m3 ,总心脑血管疾病及心血管疾病住院的ORs分别为1.002(95%CI:1.001~1.003)和1.002(95%CI:1.001~1.003);无滞后SO2浓度每升高10μg/m3对总心脑血管疾病住院的OR值为1.005(95%CI:1.000~1.009);NO2在滞后1d浓度每升高10μg/m3对总心脑血管疾病OR值为1.022(95%CI:1.014~1.030);对心血管疾病及脑血管疾病住院影响均在滞后2d达到最大,ORs值分别为1.021(95%CI:1.011~1.030) 和1.019(95%CI:1.005~1.033).在多污染物模型中,PM10仍对心血管疾病住院人数增加有统计学意义;NO2对心脑血管疾病住院的影响均较单污染物模型中大.