吸附法净化低浓度废气实验研究

本文探讨了用活性炭吸附低浓度苯类废气时,空塔气速和气流在吸附层的接触时间对吸附过程的影响;研究了活性炭在已经吸附若干质量的苯类物质以后的吸附性能.据此绘制了空塔气建-吸附效率和活性炭含苯率-吸附效率等关系曲线,并进行了活性炭再生的研究.研究表明:使用活性炭可以有效地净化低浓度苯类废气.     

城市生活垃圾渗透系数测试研究

采用常水头测渗实验,对不同压实密度和水力梯度下的新鲜垃圾与陈垃圾的渗透系数进行测试,根据达西定律求得渗透系数值。由于垃圾的不均匀性、小颗粒的运动和大孔隙沟道流的形成和改变,实验初始阶段渗透系数值先增大至峰值,然后缓慢降低直至趋于稳定。实验稳定后,新鲜垃圾压实密度为0.75~0.95 t/m3时,渗透系数值约为1.26E-03~1.43E-03 cm/s。陈垃圾在压实密度分别为1.2和1.4 t/m3时,渗透系数为8.29E-04和1.35E-04 cm/s。     

Growth and reproduction effects and transgenerational effects of nonylphenol in Moina mongolica Daday (Crustacea: Cladocera)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - An experimental ecology method was used to study the acute toxicity of nonylphenol (NP) and the effects of NP on growth, reproduction, and population...     

羽叶金合欢对污泥厌氧消化与氮磷释放的影响

探讨了羽叶金合欢(Acacia pennata)的枝和叶对污泥厌氧消化以及氮磷释放的影响。研究结果表明,添加合欢枝叶都会减少污泥的产气量,产气量由大到小顺序是污泥>枝+泥>叶+泥;添加合欢枝会减少污泥厌氧消化系统中挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)的含量,尤其是乙酸含量;而添加合欢叶会增加VFAs的含量,并产生乙酸和丙酸抑制;DGGE图谱及测序结果显示,加入合欢叶会增加乳杆菌属的细菌量,当系统稳定时,各组中的产甲烷菌类型相近;添加合欢枝叶均会减少NH+4-N的含量,且促进合欢枝叶中磷的释放。     

电子废弃物中的废塑料热解特性研究

选取电脑电路板上三种典型电子元器件(并行通信口、插槽、电路板)中的废塑料,研究不同的升温速率和成分对样品热解的特性影响及其动力学分析。在氮气气氛下进行热解实验,温度从室温升到1000℃,升温速率分别设为10,20℃/min。研究结果表明,并行通信口、插槽和电路板中塑料的失重有相似的变化趋势,且随着升温速率的变化,达到最高热解速率时所对应的温度也发生变化,其中电路板中塑料的失重率最小,并行通信口中塑料的失重率最大。热解速率随着升温速率的提高而增大,在不同的升温速率下,同一样品的热解剩余物质量分数基本一致。电路板中塑料的含碳量高于并行通信口和插槽中的塑料含碳量,并通过动力学研究得出电路板中塑料的活化能最小。     

Comparison of UV/PDS and UV/H2O2 processes for the degradation of atenolol in water

UV/H2O2 and UV/peroxodisulfate (PDS) processes were adopted to degrade a typical β-blocker atenolol (ATL). The degradation efficiencies under various operational parameters (oxidant dosage, pH, HCO3-, humic acid (HA), NO3- , and Cl-) were compared. Principal factor analysis was also performed with a statistical method for the two processes. It was found that increasing the specific dosage of the two peroxides ([peroxide]0/[ATL]0 ) ranging from 1:1 to 8:1 led to a faster degradation rate but also higher peroxide residual. Within the pH range 3-11, the optimum pH was 7 for the UV/PDS process and elevating pH benefitted the UV/H 2O2 process. The presence of HCO3- , HA, and Cl adversely affected ATL oxidation in both processes. The NO3- concentration 1-3 mmol/L accelerated the destruction of ATL by the UV/PDS process, but further increase of NO3- concentration retarded the degradation process, contrary to the case in the UV/H2O2 process. The rank orders of effects caused by the six operational parameters were pH ≈ specific dosage > [HA]0 > [NO3-]0 > [HCO3-]0 > [Cl-]0 for the UV/H2O2 process and specific dosage > pH > [HA]0 > [NO3-]0 > [HCO3-]0 >[Cl-]0 for the UV/PDS process. The UV/PDS process was more sensitive to changes in operational parameters than the UV/H2O2 process but more efficient in ATL removal under the same conditions.     

Response of anaerobes to methyl fluoride, 2-bromoethanesulfonate and hydrogen during acetate degradation

To use the selective inhibition method for quantitative analysis of acetate metabolism in methanogenic systems,the responses of microbial communities and metabolic activities,which were involved in anaerobic degradation of acetate,to the addition of methyl fluoride(CH3F),2-bromoethanesulfonate(BES)and hydrogen were investigated in a thermophilic batch experiment.Both the methanogenic inhibitors,i.e.,CH3F and BES,showed their effectiveness on inhibiting CH4 production,whereas acetate metabolism other than acetoclastic methanogenesis was stimulated by BES,as reflected by the fluctuated acetate concentration.Syntrophic acetate oxidation was thermodynamically blocked by hydrogen(H2),while H2-utilizing reactions as hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis and homoacetogenesis were correspondingly promoted.Results of PCR-DGGE fingerprinting showed that,CH3F did not influence the microbial populations significantly.However,the BES and hydrogen notably altered the bacterial community structures and increased the diversity.BES gradually changed the methanogenic community structure by affecting the existence of different populations to different levels,whilst H2 greatly changed the abundance of different methanogenic populations,and induced growth of new species.     

土壤氟化物(全量)的分析与测定

离子选择电极法测定氟化物作为一种成熟的测定方法被广泛应用环境监测等领域.本实验采用离子选择电极法测定土壤中氟含量.但样品前处理过程较复杂,极易造成测定结果的偏离.通过反复实验和比较我们对实验条件进行了优化,同时通过对该方法的准确度和精密度的测试,得到了较好的结果,适合且能满足土壤调查等样品量较大的测定工作要求.     

Efficient nitrogen doped porous carbonaceous CO2 adsorbents based on lotus leaf

In this work, the waste biomass lotus leaf was converted into N-doped porous carbonaceous CO₂ adsorbents. The synthesis process includes carbonization of lotus leaf, melamine post-treatment and KOH activation. For the resultant sorbents, high nitrogen content can be contained due to the melamine modification and advanced porous structure were formed by KOH etching. These samples were carefully characterized by different techniques and their CO₂ adsorption properties were investigated in detail. These sorbents hold good CO₂ adsorption abilities, up to 3.87 and 5.89 mmol/g at 25 and 0°C under 1 bar, respectively. By thorough investigation, the combined interplay of N content and narrow microporous volume was found to be responsible for the CO₂ uptake for this series of sorbents. Together with the high CO₂ adsorption abilities, these carbons also display excellent reversibility, high CO₂/N₂ selectivity, applicable heat of adsorption, fast CO₂ adsorption kinetics and good dynamic CO₂ adsorption capacity. This study reveals a universal method of obtaining N-doped porous carbonaceous sorbents from leaves. The low cost of raw materials accompanied by easy synthesis procedure disclose the enormous potential of leaves-based carbons in CO₂ capture as well as many other applications.     

Urinary analysis reveals high Alternaria mycotoxins exposure in the general population from Beijing, China

Alternaria mycotoxins are of concern due to its adverse health effect, they affect various cereal crops and grain-based food along with modified forms that contribute to overall exposure. This study aimed to determine the frequency and level of exposure to Alternaria mycotoxins (tenuazonic acid, TeA; alternariol, AOH; alternariol monomethyl ether, AME; tentoxin, TEN; and altenuene, ALT) in human urine from Beijing adults. A total of 2212 urine samples were collected and analyzed for five mycotoxins using LC–ESI–MS/MS. More than 98% of the samples had at least one Alternaria mycotoxin detected. Among the mycotoxins, AME had the highest detection rate (96.0%), followed by TeA (70.5%). The calculated average daily intake values of AME (12.5 ng/kg b.w.) was 5 times the TTC value (2.5 ng/kg b.w.) set by the EFSA, indicating the potential health risks associated with mycotoxins. Immediate attention and subsequent actions should be taken to identify the sources of mycotoxins and the corresponding exposure pathways to humans in the investigated regions.