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291.
喜马拉雅山中段北坡对流层中上部大气降水化学的高程分布特征 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3
1997年夏季在希夏邦马峰北坡达索普冰川区(28°33′N,85°44′E)海拔5800m~7000m区间对4次降雪过程进行了系统的采样工作,目的是认识全球偏远地区对流层中上部大气成分的高程分布特征.达索普冰川区夏季4次降水中,局地大陆性气团降水SO42-、NO3-、Ca2+和Mg2+之间存在显著的正相关性,而海洋性气团降水4种离子之间的相关性变化较大,说明在夏季低尘埃阶段大气中各种离子的主导来源处在短期的(如数天)变化中.这种离子主导来源的变化同时也影响了降水中离子的高程分布特征.总体上达索普冰川区夏季降水中NO3-、Ca2+、Mg2+浓度随海拔的升高呈减小趋势,SO42-浓度则为增大趋势. 相似文献
292.
为评估新冠肺炎疫情下的高校复课综合风险,辅助高校进行复课组织决策,探讨一种高校复课风险评估方法。首先,引入压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型,分析各要素互相影响机制,并建立高校复课新冠肺炎疫情综合风险评估指标体系;然后,利用风险的致灾因子与受灾体的脆弱性衡量疫情综合风险度,提出一种高校复课新冠疫情风险的评估方法;最后,以西安市某高校为例,验证风险评估模型的可行性和有效性。结果表明:本模型能准确评估高校复课新冠肺炎疫情综合风险;学校所在地疫情风险等级、人员管控措施、学校应急演练与评估开展状况分别是P、S、R系统的主要影响因素,应重点关注。 相似文献
293.
294.
Jihoon Park Moon Seong Kang Inhong Song 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2015,51(3):859-876
The objective of this article was to assess flood vulnerability based on the representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios at city and county levels. A quantile mapping method was adopted to correct bias that is inherent in climate change scenarios. A series of proxy variables related to climate exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity were chosen to assess flood vulnerability. Proxy variables were standardized using the Z‐score method. Principal component analysis was carried out to calculate the weighting of proxy variables. The study area was the Korean peninsula. The spatial resolution was on a city and county basis and the temporal resolution was 1990s, 2025s, 2055s, and 2085s (divided into 1976‐2005, 2011‐2040, 2041‐2070, and 2071‐2100). In the spatial comparison, we found that the areas with high‐level flood vulnerability increased over time in the central region, including metropolitan areas, and near the southern coast. In the temporal comparison, we found that the RCP4.5 scenario showed a tendency to increase steadily and the RCP8.5 scenario showed a tendency to decrease in the 2055s slightly and increase again in the 2085s. The study findings may provide useful data for the determination of priority for countermeasure development, though robustness of these findings with additional future projections should be established. 相似文献
295.
Biosorption properties of arsenate [As(V)] onto activated sludge were investigated in batch systems. The adsorption of As(V)
onto sludge increased from 23 to 266 μg/g dry weight through the methylation of the activated sludge. This increase resulted
from neutralization of carboxylic groups via the methylation process. The pH effect of As(V) uptake was also investigated
and As(V) adsorption by methylated sludge decreased significantly at high pH (pH > 11) due to competition between As(V) and
OH− ions for binding sites distributed on sludge surfaces. In contrast, low pH favored As(V) adsorption by methylated sludge
because of the elevated quantities of positively charged functional groups. The results suggest that methylated activated
sludge may provide promising applications for the simultaneous removal and separation of As(V) from aqueous effluents. 相似文献
296.
297.
Quoc Cuong Do Seoktae Kang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(8):7146-7154
In this study, separation and concentration of fatty acids (FA) from the synthetic food processing wastewater containing low concentration of FA (250 mg/L) were investigated using expanded graphite (EG) as a novel adsorbent at different temperatures (298~318 K). The adsorption results were further analyzed to verify adsorption mechanisms and thermodynamics of FA onto EG. Results show that the adsorption of FA onto EG was explained well by the Langmuir model with the maximum adsorption capacity up to 8.01 g FA/g EG at 298 K, and considerably affected by temperature. The adsorption kinetics fitted with pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the adsorption mechanism analysis showed that the intraparticle diffusion was not the rate-limiting step, but the coalescence of FA droplets played the significant role for novel adsorption of FA onto EG. The calculated activation energy and thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy change (ΔG0), enthalpy change (ΔH0), and entropy change (ΔS0) indicated that the adsorption of FA onto EG was very feasible, was highly spontaneous, occurred physically, was exothermic in nature, and was stable in aquatic environmental changes. Overall, FA can be effectively harvested and concentrated from the food processing wastewater by EG even at low concentration. 相似文献
298.
Wonkyeong Kang Ik-hyeon Kim Tae-jin Lee Ki-yeon Kim Daekeun Kim 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(6):1006-1011
Swine manure was subjected to laboratory scale composting in order to quantify bioaerosols, i.e., airborne culturable bacteria and endotoxin, in the exhaust gas, which provided details on the effect of temperature on bacterial emissions. The concentration of airborne bacteria reached 31,250 colony-forming units (CFU)/m3 during the thermophilic stage of composting, and positively correlated with the temperature profile of the compost pile. Initially, the endotoxin concentration was 1820 endotoxin units (EU)/m3, but it decreased exponentially as the composting process proceeded. The temperature can be an excellent indicator of bacterial emissions during the composting process, indicating that the composting process requires a consistently high temperature to ensure sanitization of both compost and bacterial emissions. The cumulative emission data showed that emission factors was 11.2?13.5 CFU/g dry swine manure and that of endotoxin was 0.5?0.9 EU/g dry swine manure. The bacterial diversity in the bioaerosol was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, revealing the presence of various gram-negative bacterial consortia. 相似文献
299.
Kang Dong-Jin Tazoe Hirofumi Yamada Masatoshi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(36):49602-49612
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Phytoextraction is widely used to remove environmental pollutants such as heavy metals or radionuclides from soil. It is important to understand how... 相似文献
300.