产业结构与产业空间结构自适应性研究——以江苏省苏锡常地区为例

阐述了新形势下产业转型与空间结构重塑的新要求,对产业结构与产业空间结构协调发展的自适应规律进行了系统总结。以江苏省苏锡常地区为例,运用改革开放30 a以来的发展数据,分析了不同时期产业结构与空间结构的演化特征与匹配关系,提出了苏南产业结构与空间结构转型的政策建议。实证表明,苏南每一个发展阶段的跨越实际上都是发展模式〖JP2〗再创新的过程,同时伴随着新一轮产业结构调整和空间结构重组。在不同发展阶段,产业结构与空间结构具有不同的特征、结构和最佳匹配模式,两者只有在发展阶段上保持一致,才能促进经济社会协调发展     

青海省近20年森林植被碳储量变化及其现状分析

基于林业生态功能和青海省森林资源清查数据,采用森林植被生物量换算因子连续函数法,系统估算与分析青海省森林植被碳储量、碳密度,研究其近20a碳储量变化并进行现状分析。结果表明:(1)青海省森林碳储量为11 182 642.22t,占同时期全国总碳储量的1.98%,青海省森林生态系统中面积占较大比重的中龄林,其碳储量尚未达到最大,有较大发展空间;(2)青海省近20a天然林类型中碳储量较大的前4种分别是:柏木(Cupressus funebris)、桦木(Betula)、杨树(Populus)、云杉(Picea asperata)天然林,表明这几种天然林在青海省森林植被中占有重要的地位,其集中分布对区域生态功能的发挥起主导作用;(3)所采用的碳储量估算方法尚存不足,在以后计算中应考虑根据不同林分类型的含碳量进行计算。     

我国茶叶主产区有机肥重金属含量现状

调查分析我国茶叶主产区有机肥重金属含量可以为有机肥的安全使用提供指导,从而保障茶园土壤和茶叶质量安全.对2017~2019年期间收集的茶园施用的有机肥样品中的重金属含量进行了分析,并对不同种类有机肥的施用风险进行了测算.结果表明,我国茶叶主产区有机肥中ω（As）、ω（Hg）、ω（Pb）、ω（Cd）、ω（Cr）、ω（Cu）、ω（Zn）和ω（Ni）的平均含量分别为4.60、0.22、27.1、0.78、27.9、58.3、250.1和16.3 mg ·kg^-1.依据NY/T 525-2021中的评价标准,采集的有机肥样品中As、Hg、Pb、Cd和Cr超标率分别为6.19%、1.33%、4.42%、4.42%和1.33%.从不同地区看,陕西、江苏、安徽、福建和广西的有机肥合格率100%,山东、浙江、湖北、四川、云南和广东的有机肥合格率在80%~90%,而江西茶园施用的有机肥合格率仅54.5%.从不同来源看,有机肥合格率在菜籽饼肥、大豆饼肥和猪粪肥中为100%,羊粪肥95.8%、牛粪肥91.7%、鸡粪肥90.7%、其它动物类有机肥87.2%、动植物混合源类有机肥82.4%、其它植物类有机肥65.2%、其它类有机肥63.6%.根据推荐施用量估算,施用猪粪肥、牛粪肥、鸡粪肥和羊粪肥的土壤重金属累积速率将远超施用菜籽饼肥和大豆饼肥,动物源有机肥是植物源有机肥平均累积速率的7~30倍.因此,茶园上施用有机肥,建议选用菜籽饼肥和大豆饼肥,另一方面,对风险较高地区应加强监测,以降低土壤和茶叶重金属累积风险.     

Promotional effect of ZrO2 and WO3 on bimetallic Pt-Pd diesel oxidation catalyst

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Diesel oxidation catalysts Pt-Pd-(y)ZrO2-(z)WO3/CeZrOx-Al2O3 with total Pt & Pd loading of only 0.68 wt.% were prepared and investigated for...     

预紧力对输电塔节点承载能力特性研究∗

为探讨风荷载作用下输电塔破坏机理,本文以实际输电塔体系为例,通过建立不同螺栓预紧力作用下输电塔节点精细化模型,用来进行输电塔的螺栓在实际工程中拧紧程度的模拟;提出了螺栓与输电塔各构件之间的非线性接触力模型,研究了风荷载作用下输电塔构件之间接触效应的精确模拟.结果 表明:随着预紧力的增大,斜材螺孔应力、节点板上相对位于斜材处螺孔应力和斜材螺栓应力逐渐增大,并基本呈线性变化;而主材螺孔应力、节点板上相对位于主材处螺孔应力和主材螺栓应力基本不变.可见随着外荷载加载比例逐渐增大,螺栓预紧力对节点承载力性能的影响逐渐减小.     

Specific biomagnification of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in tufted ducks (Aythya fuligula), common cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) and their prey from Lake Shinji,Japan

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs/DFs) were detected in waterfowl such as common cormorants, tufted ducks, and their prey, namely fish and bivalves from Lake Shinji, Japan. The concentration of total PCDDs/DFs-TEQ was found to be higher in the muscle tissues of common cormorants than in those of tufted ducks. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis implied that the residue distribution pattern of PCDD/DF homologues was considerably different between these two species. Furthermore, biomagnification factors (BMFs) were estimated from bivalves as prey to tufted duck muscles as target organs. Despite the highest concentrations of 1,3,6,8- and 1,3,7,9-TeCDD in tufted ducks and their prey, however, the BMFs of these isomers were calculated to be lower than those of the toxic 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDDs/DFs. On the other hand, log BMF of toxic 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDDs/DFs were significantly higher for lower chlorinated isomers than those of the higher chlorinated isomers. The biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) of PCDDs/DFs were also estimated using shijimi clam and fish samples against sediment from Lake Shinji. The average BSAFs were estimated and ranged from 4.0×10⁻³ to 2.2×10⁻¹ and 2.0×10⁻⁴ to 2.0×10⁻¹ for bivalve and fish samples, respectively. Based on calculated BMFs and BSAFs, the total PCDD/DF-TEQ levels in the tufted duck were estimated to have been lowest (2.0 pg TEQ/g dry weight basis) in 1947 and highest (9.8 pg TEQ/g) in 1971.     

中国化工产业佩尔兹曼效应实证研究

近年来中国化工产业事故频发,由此引发的安全、健康和环境问题日益突出.为了探讨化工事故产生的深层原因,建立了VECM对中国化工产业的佩尔兹曼效应进行检验.结果表明,短期看中国化工安全设施加强并没有显著提高化工安全水平的原因在于存在佩尔兹曼效应;长期看工人逆向选择的抵消效应趋于消失;化工工人安全意识薄弱是导致短期内安全设施投资加大、事故率不降反升的主要原因之一.该结论为完善化工安全规制政策提供了理论支撑.     

Warning signals confer advantage to prey in competition with predators: bumblebees steal nests from insectivorous birds

Aposematic (warning) signals of prey help predators to recognize the defended distasteful or poisonous prey that should be avoided. The evolution of aposematism in the context of predation has been in the center of modern ecology for a long time. But, the possible roles of aposematic signals in other ecological contexts have been largely ignored. Here we address the role of aposematic signals in competition between prey and predators. Bumblebees use visual and auditory aposematic signals to warn predators about their defenses. For 2 years, we observed competition for nestboxes between chemically defended insects, Bombus ardens (and possibly also Bombus ignitus), and cavity nesting birds (Parus minor and Poecile varius). Bumblebees settled in 16 and 9 % of nestboxes (in 2010 and 2011 breeding seasons, respectively) that contained bird nests at the advanced stage of nest building or at the stage of egg laying. Presence of bumblebees prevented the birds from continuing the breeding activities in the nestboxes, while insects took over the birds’ nests (a form of kleptoparasitism). Playback experiments showed that the warning buzz by bumblebees contributed to the success in ousting the birds from their nests. This demonstrates that aposematic signals may be beneficial also in the context of resource competition.     

Positive relationships between phenol oxidase activity and extractable phenolics in estuarine soils

Decomposition of recalcitrant materials such as phenolics is known to play a pivotal role in organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling in estuaries. The specific goals of this study were to determine temporal and spatial variations of phenol oxidase and phenolics in estuarine soils, and to elucidate controlling factors for phenol oxidase activity. To achieve these goals, phenol oxidase activity and phenolic content were measured in soils developed along the side of an estuary in the Han River, Korea. Soil samples were collected in three locations with different vegetation: mud flats, Zizania-dominated soils, and Salix-dominated soils. Monthly measurements were also made in a Zizania-dominated site over a year period. Phenol oxidase activity varied between 0.00 and 0.28 diqc min^?1 g^?1, whilst phenolic content ranged from 0.0–10.5 μg g^?1. A correlation analysis revealed that phenol oxidase activity exhibited positive correlations with phenolic content in both seasonal and spatial data. The same relationship was found when the data were analysed separately for each site. Unlike peatlands or upland forest soils where negative correlations were often found between phenol oxidase activity and phenolics, substrate induction appears to account for the positive correlation in the present study.