Bacterial community structure of Tricholoma matsutake stipe soil by high-throughput sequencing北大核心CSCD

In order to understand the interaction between microorganisms in soil attached to the stipes of Tricholoma matsutake, we utilized high-throughput sequencing technology using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 System (San Diego, CA, USA) to explore the bacterial community structure in such soils and analyzed the effects of microorganisms on the formation and growth of T. matsutake. A total of 6 730 sequences were obtained from the samples, and these sequences were clustered into 928 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at a 97% similarity level. In addition, these OTUs were grouped into 22 bacterial phyla (including 62 classes, 90 orders, 162 families, and 275 genera) and 2 archaeal phyla (including 4 classes, 6 orders, 7 families, and 8 genera). Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum present in all the samples, and these bacteria were significantly more abundant in soils attached to stipe of T. matsutake than they were in the control samples. Similarly, Beta-proteobacteria were the dominant class, and bacteria in this class were less abundant than they were in the control samples. Moreover, the genus Burkholderia within the Proteobacteria was more abundant in the control samples than in the T. matsutake soil samples. Generally, Proteobacteria, especially the genus Burkholderia, played an important role in the growth of T. matsutake, whereas other bacteria, such as Unknown-Ellin 60, would probably inhibit the growth of T. matsutake. This study showed that bacteria might be involved in the growth of T. matsutake and the formation of its fruiting bodies, but they had no positive relationship with bacterial abundance, which may provide theoretical guidance for the cultivation of T. matsutake. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))主要组分模拟溶液对发光细菌的光抑制分析

为明确NH_4~+、 NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)及金属等组分在水溶性提取液对发光细菌的光抑制过程中所起的作用,参照PM_(2.5)样品提取液浓度,模拟配制与3级以上PM_(2.5)样品提取液中主要组分:硫酸盐、硝酸盐、氨盐相同浓度的溶液,同时选取与PM_(2.5)可溶性提取液发光抑制率相关性较强的铅、锌,配制不同浓度级别模拟溶液,测试各单一组分对发光细菌的发光抑制率及其混合溶液对发光细菌的联合影响效应。基于毒性单位法(TU)、相加指数法(AI)和混合毒性指数法(MTI)评价了混合体系联合影响的作用类型。结果表明,与3~6级PM_(2.5)可溶性提取液中硫酸氨、硫酸氢氨、硝酸氨、硫酸锌和硝酸铅浓度相同的模拟溶液对发光细菌的发光没有抑制作用。不同的评价方法对PM_(2.5)主要组分混合体系联合效应评价结果具有较好的一致性,硫酸氨、硝酸氨、硫酸氢氨混合溶液中,对发光细菌的光抑制均为硫酸氢氨的独立作用,硫酸锌与硝酸铅的混合体系,锌和铅对发光细菌的联合影响效应表现为协同,硫酸氨、硝酸氨、硫酸氢氨与硫酸锌、硝酸铅的多元混合体系呈现协同作用。     

内分泌干扰物对胰腺发育的影响及其机制研究进展

内分泌干扰物(endocrine disrupting chemicals,EDCs)可以从不同来源释放到环境中,近年来动物实验研究表明,多种EDCs能够破坏生命早期胰腺发育,增加成年期患代谢疾病的风险,但其潜在机制尚不完全清楚。本文总结了近年来EDCs对不同动物模型胰腺发育的影响,主要包括胰岛β细胞结构损伤、胰岛β细胞功能障碍、胰岛尺寸降低、胰岛畸形、次级胰岛形成延迟以及胰腺长度缩短等,并从转录因子、氧化应激以及表观遗传修饰等方面对其作用机制进行综述,以期为EDCs健康风险评估提供参考。     

Photolysis and photooxidation of typical gaseous VOCs by UV Irradiation: Removal performance and mechanisms

UV photodegradation of 27 typical VOCs was systematically investigated. Contribution of photolysis and photooxidation to VOCs removal was identified. Gaseous VOC could be partially converted to particles by 185/254 nm UV irradiation. The mineralization and conversion of 27 VOCs by UV irradiation were reported. Photodegradation by ultraviolet irradiation (UV) is increasingly applied in volatile organic compound (VOC) and odor gas treatments. In this study, 27 typical VOCs, including 11 hydrocarbons and 16 hydrocarbon derivatives, at 150–200 ppm in air and nitrogen gas were treated by a laboratory-scale UV reactor with 185/254 nm irradiation to systematically investigate their removal and conversion by UV irradiation. For the tested 27 VOCs, the VOC removal efficiencies in air were within the range of 13%–97% (with an average of 80%) at a retention time of 53 s, which showed a moderate positive correlation with the molecular weight of the VOCs (R = 0.53). The respective contributions of photolysis and photooxidation to VOC removal were identified for each VOC. According to the CO₂ results, the mineralization rate of the tested VOCs was within the range of 9%–90%, with an average of 41% and were negatively correlated to the molecular weight (R = -0.63). Many of the tested VOCs exhibited high concentration particulate matters in the off-gases with a 3–283 mg/m³ PM₁₀ range and a 2–40 mg/m³ PM_2.5 range. The carbon balance of each VOC during UV irradiation was analyzed based on the VOC, CO₂ and PM₁₀ concentrations. Certain organic intermediates and 23–218 ppm ozone were also identified in the off-gases. Although the UV technique exhibited a high VOC removal efficiency, its drawbacks, specifically low mineralization, particulate matters production, and ozone emission, must be considered prior to its application in VOC gas treatments.     

Fenton试剂催化氧化法处理模拟酸性红B染料废水

采用Fenton试剂催化氧化处理用酸性红B配制的模拟偶氮染料废水,考察了影响处理效果的主要因素,并探讨了酸性红B降解的动力学.实验结果表明,Fenton试剂催化氧化处理酸性红B废水的最佳工艺条件为:H2O2加入量49.0 mmol/L,Fe2+加入量2.0 mmol/L,反应温度25℃,初始废水pH 3～6.在此最佳工艺条件下反应5min时,酸性红B去除率为99.8％,COD去除率为62.3％;反应60 min后,酸性红B去除率为99.9％,COD去除率为80.0％.Fenton试剂催化氧化降解酸性红B的反应符合二级反应动力学规律.     

Tobacco clones derived from tissue culture with supersensitivity to ozone

At least two supersensitive tobacco somaclones were obtained from tissue culture (TC) , when this approach was used to asexually propagate Bel-W3 tobacco indicator plants. These somaclones can detect as low as 30 ppb ozone for a 4-h exposure duration both within CSTR exposure chambers and in ambient air. Comparison of the injury index and their coefficient of variance showed that the TC plantlets usually have more uniform performance in response to ozone in addition to their higher sensitivity. A quick regeneration procedure was established to preserve the supersensitive germplasm immediately when it was found. The TC plantlets will flower and produce seed similar to seed-grown tobacco. The TC approach proved to be a better propagation system for valuable indicator plant species. The mechanism that causes the variation and the possible difference in their genome from seed-grown tobacco is still unknown. Further studies are needed in the future to determine if factors in the TC system may be responsible for the sensitivity difference.     

FIELD MEASUREMENT OF FLOW VELOCITIES,SUSPENDED SOLIDS CONCENTRATIONS,AND TEMPERATURES IN LAKE OKEECHOBEE1

ABSTRACT: This paper presents a field investigation of collecting hydrodynamic and sediment data in Lake Okeechobee with analyses examining mechanisms affecting sediment resuspension in the lake. Lake Okeechobee is a large subtropical lake located in south central Florida. Three‐dimensional flow velocities, suspended solids concentrations (SSC), and temperatures at four locations were measured from January 18 to March 5, 2000. Analyses of these data indicate that wind is the dominant factor in driving flow velocities and therefore transporting suspended solids. Wind direction also affects the SSC, especially in the north central and west littoral areas of the lake. The surface and bottom velocity components frequently flow in opposite directions, forming a stratification of the water column and preventing suspended solids from settling out. This retention of SSC in the water column may have a strong impact on the water quality of Lake Okeechobee. This study provides valuable storm event data and mechanism analyses, which will improve our understanding of the transport of suspended solids, thermal exchanges, and flow patterns within Lake Okeechobee.     

INTEGRATION OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND A COMPUTER MODEL TO EVALUATE IMPACTS OF AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF ON WATER QUALITY1

ABSTRACT: This study integrates an Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Model (AGNPS), the Geographic Resource Analysis Support System (GRASS) (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1987), and GRASS WATERWORKS (a hydrologic modeling tool box being developed at the Michigan State University Center for Remote Sensing) to evaluate the impact of agricultural runoff on water quality in the Cass River, a subwatershed of Saginaw Bay. AGNPS is used to estimate the amounts, origin, and distribution of sediment, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in the watershed. GRASS and GRASS WATERWORKS are used to generate parameters needed for AGNPS from digital maps, which include soil association, land use, watershed boundaries, water features, and digital elevation. Outputs of the model include spatially distributed estimates of volume and peak runoff, overland and channel erosion, sediment yields, and concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. Management scenarios are explored in the AGNPS model to minimize sedimentation and nutrient loading. Scenarios evaluated include variations in crop cover, tillage methods, and other agricultural management practices. In addition, areas vulnerable to erosion are identified for best management practices.     

Recent advances in membrane bioreactor technology for wastewater treatment in China

Since the introduction of the membrane bioreactor (MBR) in China in the early 1990s, remarkable progress has been achieved on the research and application of this technology. China has now become one of the most active fields in the world in this regard. This review outlines the development of MBR-based processes in China and their performance of treating municipal and industrial wastewaters. Since membrane fouling is a critical operational problem with MBR processes, this paper also proposes updated understanding of fouling mechanisms and strategies of fouling control, which are mainly compiled from publications of Chinese researchers. As for the commercial application of MBR in the country, the latest statistics of large-scale MBR plants (>10000 m³·d⁻¹) are provided, and the growth trend of total treatment capacity as well as its driving force is analyzed.