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李氏禾人工湿地净化Cr(Ⅵ)污染水体的性能研究简 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用湿生铬超富集植物李氏禾构建的三段式波形潜流式人工湿地,研究了湿地系统对Cr(Ⅵ)污染水体的净化效果。结果显示,李氏禾湿地系统对Cr(Ⅵ)污染水体的净化效果明显好于无植物的对照。当进水Cr(Ⅵ)浓度为2.50 mg/L时,李氏禾湿地系统出水Cr(Ⅵ)浓度显著低于对照,说明李氏禾在湿地系统净化Cr(Ⅵ)污染水体中发挥了重要的作用。当进水Cr(Ⅵ)浓度超标150倍(7.50 mg/L)时,李氏禾湿地系统出水Cr(Ⅵ)浓度仍可达到国家地表水环境质量标准(0.05 mg/L),表明李氏禾湿地系统具有很强的Cr(Ⅵ)污染净化能力。沿程Cr(Ⅵ)浓度的变化显示,湿地系统对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除效率随水流方向逐渐降低,Cr(Ⅵ)主要在湿地系统的前两个阶段被去除。 相似文献
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Shaohong Wu Jikun Huang Yanhua Liu Jiangbo Gao Jun Yang Wentao Wang Yunhe Yin Hao Luan Wanlu Dong 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2014,(2)
Climate change strongly affected the structure and functions of natural ecosystems,e.g.the vegetation productivity decreased in the Northeast permafrost region due to the higher temperature and less precipitation,whereas in the Tibetan Plateau,the vegetation productivity increased,owing to the improved thermal resource.Climate change led to reduced precipitation in North and Northeast China and thus the reduced surface runoff.The public needs for energy were changed because of climate change,e.g.the shorter heating period in winter.Climate change profoundly influenced human health,pathophoresis and major projects by increasing extreme events,including frequency and magnitude,and causing more serious water shortage.Under the background of climate change,although the improved thermal resources can be helpful for extending the crop growth period,more extreme events may resulted in more instability in agricultural productivity.Not only did climate change indirectly affect the secondary and tertiary industries through the impacts on agriculture and natural resources,but also climate change mitigation measures,such as carbon tax,tariff and trading,had extensive and profound influences on the socioeconomic system.Further analysis indicated that the impact of climate change presented significant regional differences.The impact had its pros and cons,while the advantages outweighed the disadvantages.Based on the above analysis on the impacts of climate change,we put forward suggestions on coping with climate change.First,scientifically dealing with climate change will need to seek advantages while avoiding the disadvantages of climate change in order to achieve the orderly adaptation to climate change,which is characterized with"Overall best,long-term benefit."Second,quantitative adaptation should be given more attention,e.g.proposing operational schemes and predictable goals and using uncertainty analysis on adaptation measures.Third,more active coping strategy should be adopted to enhance China's future comprehensive competitiveness.The strategies include but are not limited to gradually adjusting the industrial structure,intensifying the research and development(RD)of emission reduction technology and actively responding to the influence of carbon tax,tariff and trading on socioeconomic development in China. 相似文献
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UASB反应器中厌氧氨氧化菌的影响因素研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在UASB反应器中接种实验室已经驯化好的厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥,对其进行厌氧氨氧化菌活性提高和影响因素的实验研究。研究表明厌氧氨氧化菌对NH4+-N和N02--N的适宜浓度负荷均为200mg/L,适宜水力停留时间HRT、温度、pH和进水基质比(N02--N/NH4+-N)分别为2h、30~35℃、7.5~8.5和0.95~1.2,NH4+-N、NO2--N和TN的平均去除率分别为97.1%、98.3%和92.7%。 相似文献
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为建立更加真实的行人疏散模型,基于模糊规则和广度优先搜索(BFS)算法,利用元胞自动机,提出1种优化的行人疏散模型。引入动态模糊速度规则,建立移动速度与周边环境的模糊对应关系,从而模拟行人在不同环境下的运动速度;通过设定危险度规则,使用基于双端队列的BFS算法快速计算每个格子距离安全出口的“静态危险度”,并与出口处人群密度的“动态危险度”耦合,使元胞自发地向“总危险度”更低的方向移动;结合动态速度规则建立1种基于排队理论的出口疏散机制。结果表明:所建模型能够再现行人流自组织现象,真实地反应行人不同的移动方式以及疏散的具体过程;模型考虑了出口排队疏散机制对疏散时间的影响,使疏散效率得到提高,为行人疏散模型的建立以及公共场所的设施布局等应急疏散预案提供有效参考。 相似文献
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Abstract Climate change will alter the capacity of carbon sequestration, and the risk assessment of carbon sequestration for terrestrial ecosystems will be helpful to the decision-making for climate change countermeasures and international climate negotiations. Based on the net ecosystem productivity of terrestrial ecosystems simulated by Atmosphere Vegetation Integrated Model, each grid of the risk criterion was set by time series trend analysis. Then the risks of carbon sequestration of terrestrial ecosystems were investigated. The results show that, in the IPCCSRES-B2 climate scenario, climate change will bring risks of carbon sequestration, and the high-risk level will dominate terrestrial ecosystems. The risk would expand with the increase of warming degree. By the end of the long-term of this century, about 60% of the whole country will face the risk; Northwest China, mountainous areas in Northeast China, middle and lower reaches plain of Yangtze River areas, Southwest China and Southeast China tend to be extremely vulnerable. Risk levels in most regions are likely to grow with the increase of warming degree, and this increase will mainly occur during the near-term to mid-term. Northwest China will become an area of high risks, and deciduous coniferous forests, temperate mixed forests and desert grassland tend to be extremely vulnerable. 相似文献
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为了真实地描述紧急疏散过程中人员行为冲突的演化过程,提高疏散效率,基于非对称性演化博弈模型,首先,从生理角度出发,界定人员之间的非对称性;其次,基于非对称性“鹰鸽博弈”模型,探析各人员策略选择的规律,分析非对称性因子、冲突的成本收益对系统稳定与合作状态概率的影响;最后,在此基础上,探讨博弈双方的合作心理收益对系统演化的影响。研究结果表明:非对称性因子越大,冲突的单位成本越小,越有利于人员合作行为的演化;较大的合作心理收益促使双方开展合作。非对称性“鹰鸽博弈”模型揭示应急疏散情形下人员冲突行为的演化规律,为推动疏散人员开展合作,减少冲突,提高突发事件下的疏散效率提供参考。 相似文献