考虑接头影响的综合管廊标准段地震响应分析∗

地震是造成综合管廊破坏的主要原因之一,综合管廊一旦发生破坏,其产生的后果将比传统埋地管道复杂得多。本文介绍了常见的几种综合管廊接头形式,并对不同的接头形式分别建立有限元模型,选取综合管廊标准段并考虑混凝土塑性损伤模型以及土体本构模型,利用自编程序施加黏弹性人工边界以及等效节点力对不同接头形式下管廊及内部管道进行地震响应分析。结果表明,在不同地震动强度下的最大纵向位移差,整体现浇结构的响应会高于预制拼装结构,且随着地震动强度的增加,响应的差异会进一步增大。两种接头形式下,管廊标准段在地震动作用下的损伤很小,仅在地震动峰值加速度达到0.4g及以上时会发生轻微损伤,不会影响正常使用。同一地震动作用下,小管径的管道应力水平会小于大管径的管道应力水平。同时采用橡胶止水带和预应力钢筋的接头形式会比仅采用橡胶止水带的接头形式更有利于降低廊内管道的应力水平。考虑到采用预应力钢筋连接的预制拼装结构会进一步提高廊内管道的安全水平,因此,在成本允许的情况下,不仅要考虑接头的防水,还应该采用预应力筋对相邻节段连接,进一步提升综合管廊的抗震性能。     

有机黏土生物流化床处理对苯二甲酸废水

采用有机黏土为载体的两段三相生物流化床处理对苯二甲酸(TA),研究其处理有机污染物的能力.结果表明,在TA负荷低于3.5kg/(m3穌)时,有机黏土生物流化床能稳定运行,前段出水中TA和总有机碳(TOC)的去除率分别大于97%和96%.在高负荷时,有机黏土生物流化床平均去除率比不加黏土的活性污泥对照床高15%,出水水质也相对稳定.因此,有机黏土生物流化床是一种高效的生物反应器.     

盾构施工引起周围土体位移的数值研究

盾构隧道施工会引起周围地层及地表变形并影响周围环境,为探索变形规律以进行预测,运用岩土数值软件FLAC3D建立三维模型,考虑天津地区软土特性,注浆体材料强度的时空变化特性及盾构施工中的各相关作用进行研究。首先建立标准模型进行分析,并与Loganathan公式计算及工程实测数据计算进行对比验证,然后就重要施工参数如超挖孔隙、注浆压力等的影响,不同土体本构关系对计算结果的影响,土体修正剑桥模型参数如超固结比、内摩擦角、压缩参数λ及回弹参数κ的影响进行了研究,将结果与已有的研究结果进行比较,具有较好的一致性。     

海带废渣处理条件及其在罗非鱼饲料中的利用

海带废渣经过洗涤,可以提高褐藻胶回收率近0.5％。洗涤后的海带渣含20％粗蛋白,用作罗非鱼饲料组分,可以改善饲料适口性。用含有5％海带渣作饲料的养殖效果优于对照组,总氨基酸表现消化率为76.2％,6种氨基酸表现消化率达到95％以上,饲料系数为2.11,肌肉中总氨基酸蓄积率为16.6％。回收利用海带废渣,全国每年可回收2000t纯蛋白质和250t褐藻胶。在罗非鱼饲料中添加海带废渣,可以提高饲料利用率。     

基于稳定氢同位素的太原市大气单环芳烃来源

采集太原市城北和城南区域环境空气和5类污染源挥发性有机物样品,测定样品中典型单环芳烃稳定氢同位素（δD）组成,基于同位素质量平衡原理计算单环芳烃从源到环境空气受体的δD初始混合值,探讨单环芳烃来源.结果表明,柴油挥发源、溶剂挥发源、汽油挥发源（97^#）、汽油挥发源（95^#）、机动车尾气（97^#）、机动车尾气（95^#）和民用燃煤源中单环芳烃δD范围依次为：（-138.7‰~-115.5‰）、（-147.0‰~-121.0‰）、（-150.8‰~-117.6‰）、（-131.8‰~-113.8‰）、（-171.2‰~-120.0‰）、（-138.9‰~-102.7‰）和（-168.3‰~-142.3‰）,民用燃煤源中单环芳烃δD显著贫重氢同位素（D）组成,机动车尾气源与汽油挥发源中苯的δD相比显著贫D,可用于探索污染物转化过程;城北和城南环境空气中δD范围为（-131.7‰~-115.1‰）和（-131.9‰~-74.9‰）,δD初始混合值为-138.4‰和-173.9‰,体现了其来源差异.     

Effect of air masses motion on the rapid change of aerosols in marine atmosphere

The impact of air masses motion on marine aerosol properties was investigated using an on-board single particle mass spectrometer(SPAMS) deployed for the determination of single particle size resolved chemical composition over Southeast China Sea. Two aerosol blooms(E1 and E2) were observed during the cruise. High average particle number count occurred in E1(7320), followed by E2(5850), which was more than 100–150 times of the average particle number count during normal periods. Particles were classified as four major sources, including continental source, shipping source, marine source, and transport source based on the mass spectral similarity. Transport source was identified as those particles with high particle number count occurred only during aerosol bloom period. Three sub-types of EC-Ca, OC-Ca, and Al-rich were classified as transport source.EC-Ca was the dominant particles of the transport source, accounting for more than 70%of the total particles in aerosol bloom events. A uni-modal size distribution in the size range of 0.1–2.0 μm was observed during normal period, while a bimodal distribution with a tiny mode(0.3 μm) and a coarse mode between 0.4 and 0.6 μm was present during aerosol bloom. The variation of aerosol source is consistent with air masses back trajectories, for the reason that most of the long-range air trajectories are from the ocean,while short air trajectories originate in the continental regions, which means that air masses have a significant impact on the aerosol physical–chemical properties along their tracks.     

土壤与沉积物中水溶性有机物释放动力学研究

模拟研究了沉积物与草甸沼泽土中水溶性天然有机物从固相向水相释放的动力学过程，探讨了流速、温度和ｐＨ条件对土壤物中水溶性有机物释放速度的影响。研究结果表明，上述过程可以用滞膜模型（单膜）加以描述，释放为典型的一级动力学过程，且草甸沼泽土中水溶性有机物的释放较沉积物快。     

我国新时代城镇化进程中环境“邻避”问题形势特征及应对对策——以南方某省为例

进入新时代,具有“邻避”效应的重大项目和基础设施建设仍然是我国城镇化发展的“刚需”和重要支撑,环境“邻避”问题必将是当前及今后一定时期内城镇化进程中面临的常态。本文选取南方某省作为典型对象进行深入研究,结果表明,环境“邻避”问题总体风险形势平稳可控,防控重点领域仍以传统领域为主,公众诉求反应和抗争表达方式由激烈转变为相对理性,城市规划与建设的矛盾风险问题增多,风险传播快传导性强。本文系统总结出明确组织领导统筹机制、强化联动发挥协作效能、建设项目高标准实施、惠民措施灵活有效、社会力量聚合治理等地方实践经验。建议重点着力防范化解好传统领域风险,常态化推动机制发挥作用,充分发挥共建共治共享作用,以环境社会治理共享发展成果,提升环境“邻避”问题系统应对能力。     

江苏省空气质量预报准确度及改进方法分析

介绍了江苏省重污染天气监测预报预警系统以及大气重污染预警会商流程,将2015年13个地级市的模式预报、人工预报结果分别与实际观测值进行比较。结果表明:人工预报更准确,PM_(2.5)日均值、臭氧日最大8 h平均值、AQI 3个指标人工预报和实况的相关性分别比模式预报高出12.8%、0.3%、11.4%,平均标准误差(MNE)分别低20.7%、3.1%、23.1%。依据国家空气质量预报技术指南评分办法,对各市2015年全年空气质量级别为"良"时进行评分。通过开展07∶00预报更新,使2015年上半年空气质量预报级别得分平均提高了0.9分,全年级别得分平均提高了2.6分;通过改进模式预报参数,使PM_(2.5)日均预报值、臭氧日最大8 h平均预报值、AQI预报值和实际观测值的相关性比上年同期分别提高26.0%、5.0%、33.9%,MNE分别降低3.6%、31.3%、7.6%。     

Fuzzy AHP-based study of cleaner production implementation in Taiwan PWB manufacturer

In recent years, many electronic manufacturing firms have looked upon Cleaner Production (CP) as the means by which they could maintain environmental practice and competitive advantages. CP has been adopted by companies as an important factor in enhancing industrial productivity. Sustainable projects that deal appropriately with environmental and social factors are also more likely to be the most profitable.This paper investigated the criteria and attributes that determine a successful adoption and implementation of CP in reference to PWB manufacture in Taiwan. Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) methodology is used to discuss the different decision criteria that include Organizing, Systems and Technologies, Measurement and Feedback, Working environment and Worker's Culture which are all vital factors in an effective CP implementation. AHP is an efficient tool in controlling the fuzziness of the data involved in choosing the most preferred decision variables. The linguistic level of comparisons produced by the manufacturers and experts are tapped and constructed in a form of triangular fuzzy numbers in order to construct fuzzy pairwise comparison matrices. The implementation of the system is demonstrated by a problem involving three stages of hierarchy which contains different criteria and attributes at a wider perspective within an environmental uncertainty. The findings advocate that these enterprises would need to setup the priorities of the CP implementation. The results suggest a generic hierarchical model of organizations of which the highest level is to be prioritized among the CP implementation factors.