废水处理仿真基准模型BSM1简介

文章比较详细地介绍了欧盟科学技术合作组织所研究的项目中，一个关于水处理的仿真基准模型（BSM1）。该模型建立在活性污泥法处理废水的基础之上，所选择的建模对象是一种简单常见的生物反应器和二次沉淀池组成的活性污泥水处理系统，致力于C、N的去除。应用该模型可以很方便地进行水处理控制方案之间的效果比较，对于世界各地的水处理研究机构之间的沟通有很大的帮助。文章结尾部分还对该模型存在的缺陷和今后的发展方向做了分析。     

坚持理论与时俱进促进防震减灾事业全面健康发展

本文结合当前共产党员先进性教育活动,贯彻科学发展观,从本地实际出发,就坚持理论,把握规律,创新思路,全面促进防震减灾事业发展的有关理论和实践问题进行了分析、探讨.     

大气中铁、锰液相催化氧化二氧化硫动力学

研究了ｐｈ在３－５的范围内，大气浓度水平下、铁、锰和铁锰共存时的注相催化氧化的动力学，发现在不同的条件下反应级数，表观反应速率常数和活化能不同，证实了铁，锰对Ｓ（Ⅳ）的液相催化氧化有明显的协同作用，并给出了许多反应体系的经验速率表达式。     

城市生活垃圾焚烧过程中的二恶英污染

城市生活垃圾的焚烧处理虽有其优点，但同时又是剧毒污染物二恶英类物质产生的主要来源。为有助于开发城市固体废弃物的洁净能源化利用的新技术，介绍了二恶英类物质的结构、物理和毒理性质、在焚烧过程中产生的机制等内容。     

石油污染对非洲鲫鱼血清蛋白的影响

本文通过分析非洲鲫鱼清蛋白含量的变化，研究油对鱼类的致毒效应，试验结果表明，对血清蛋白影响的方式为：（１）油既能提高血清总蛋白和球蛋白含量，又能降低血清白蛋白含量和白蛋白／球蛋白的比值；（２）油对非洲鲫鱼血清蛋白产生作用的浓度阈值为０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

Carbon reduction potential and cost evaluation of different mitigation approaches in China's coal to olefin Industry

Coal-based olefin (CTO) industry as a complement of traditional petrochemical industry plays vital role in China's national economic development. However, high CO₂ emission in CTO industry is one of the fatal problems to hinder its development. In this work, the carbon emission and mitigation potentials by different reduction pathways are evaluated. The economic cost is analyzed and compared as well. According to the industry development plan, the carbon emissions from China's CTO industry will attain 189.43 million ton CO₂ (MtCO₂) and 314.11 MtCO₂ in 2020 and 2030, respectively. With the advanced technology level, the maximal carbon mitigation potential could be attained to 15.3% and 21.9% in 2020 and 2030. If the other optional mitigation ways are combined together, the carbon emission could further reduce to some extent. In general, the order of mitigation potential is followed as: feedstock alteration by natural gas > CO₂ hydrogenation with renewable electricity applied > CCS technology. The mitigation cost analysis indicates that on the basis of 2015 situation, the economic penalty for feedstock alteration is the lowest, ranged between 186 and 451 CNY/tCO₂, and the cost from CCS technology is ranged between 404 and 562 CNY/tCO₂, which is acceptable if the CO₂ enhanced oil recovery and carbon tax are considered. However, for the CO₂ hydrogenation technology, the cost is extremely high and there is almost no application possibility at present.     

海洋微生物胞外分泌物(EPS)对船用结构钢腐蚀行为的影响

目的研究微生物活性与船用钢DH32腐蚀行为之间的关系,并通过胞外分泌物的提取,研究分泌物浓度对材料腐蚀性能的影响。方法通过傅里叶红外光谱(FT–IR)分析胞外分泌物的组成,通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)分析金属离子的含量,并使用用原子力显微镜(AFM)观测去除腐蚀产物后的表面形貌。结果通过电化学阻抗谱的拟合分析,短期内,EPS通过阻碍溶解氧的扩散抑制腐蚀速度,EPS浓度越高,效果越好,即实验初期试样腐蚀的速度与EPS浓度成反比。随着时间的延长,EPS浓度低的溶液中,其EPS络合金属离子的能力很快达到饱和,所以尽管其络合行为能促进试样的阳极溶解,但影响作用有限,此时起到主要影响的还是EPS抑制溶解氧扩散。对于浓度高的EPS溶液,其过量的EPS会促进EPS的官能团与材料表面更多的Fe~(2+)/Fe~(3+)离子键合,使得沉积的EPS保护层变得疏松失去隔离溶解氧的作用,进而加速试样腐蚀。结论海洋微生物胞外分泌物对船用钢腐蚀行为的影响与胞外分泌物的结构与浓度有关,随着浓度升高,EPS从抑制腐蚀变为加速腐蚀。     

Effect of sulfur source on photocatalytic degradation performance of CdS/MoS2 prepared with one-step hydrothermal synthesis

Cd S/Mo S_2,an extremely efficient photocatalyst,has been extensively used in hydrogen photoproduction and pollutant degradation.Cd S/Mo S_2can be synthesized by a facile one-step hydrothermal process.However,the effect of the sulfur source on the synthesis of Cd S/Mo S_2via one-step hydrothermal methods has seldom been investigated.We report herein a series of one-step hydrothermal preparations of Cd S/Mo S_2using three different sulfur sources:thioacetamide,L-cysteine,and thiourea.The results revealed that the sulfur source strongly affected the crystallization,morphology,elemental composition and ultraviolet(UV)–visible-light-absorption ability of the Cd S/Mo S_2.Among the investigated sulfur sources,thioacetamide provided the highest visible-light absorption ability for Cd S/Mo S_2,with the smallest average particle size and largest surface area,resulting in the highest efficiency in Methylene Blue(MB)degradation.The photocatalytic activity of Cd S/Mo S_2synthesized from the three sulfur sources can be arranged in the following order:thioacetamideL-cysteinethiourea.The reaction rate constants(k)for thioacetamide,L-cysteine,and thiourea were estimated to be 0.0197,0.0140,and 0.0084 min~(-1),respectively.However,thioacetamide may be limited in practical application in terms of its price and toxicity,while L-cysteine is relatively economical,less toxic and exhibited good photocatalytic degradation performance toward MB.     

Comparative study of carbonic anhydrase activity in waters among different geological eco-environments of Yangtze River basin and its ecological significance

This study provides the presence of carbonic anhydrase(CA) activity in waters of the Yangtze River basin, China, as well as the correlation of CA activity with HCO-3 concentration and CO_2 sink flux. Different degrees of CA activity could be detected in almost all of the water samples from different geological eco-environments in all four seasons. The CA activity of water samples from karst areas was significantly higher than from non-karst areas(PP3-concentration(r = 0.672, P2 sink flux(r = 0.602, P = 0.076) in karst areas. This suggests that CA in waters might have a promoting effect on carbon sinks for atmospheric CO_2 in karst river basins. In conditions of similar geological type, higher CA activity was generally detected in water samples taken from areas that exhibited better eco-environments, implying that the CA activity index of waters could be used as an indicator for monitoring ecological environments and protection of river basins. These findings suggest that the role of CA in waters in the karst carbon sink potential of river basins is worthy of further in-depth studies.