A／O生物接触氧化系统处理化妆品废水试验研究

采用A／O生物接触氧化法处理化妆品废水的试验研究结果表明：该工艺处理效果良好，在厌氧段和好氧段水力停留时间分别为15h和13h、有机负荷为2．85KgCOD/m^3.d时，不需任何预处理或后续深度处理，废水CODcr值可从1780g／L降至150mg/L以下，去除率达到93．5％以上。     

官厅水库、密云水库上游流域地表水氮磷含量现状

于平水期和丰水期同点位采集官厅水库、密云水库上游流域的地表水样品共计222件,分别测试了原水、悬浮物中TN、NH₃-N、NO₃--N和TP的含量,探讨氮、磷的分布规律及污染特征,并参照GB 3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》进行评价。结果表明:1）研究区地表水处于富营养化状态,永定河水系氮、磷含量相对较高,高值点主要分布在洋河干流断面。2）主要河流的干流氮、磷高值点的出现均与上游的城市废水排放密切相关,应加大城市废水的治理力度,提高排污标准。3）TN 78.26%（丰水期）、91.59%（平水期）的样品劣于Ⅲ类,除洋河上流、桑干河上流和汤河水系外,其他水系大部分样点TN仅达劣Ⅴ类要求,但NO₃--N和NH₃-N大部分样品符合标准限制,建议制定标准时应加强对NO₃--N的管控。4）TN 33.04%（丰水期）、14.02%（平水期）的样品不符合Ⅲ类要求,主要分布在洋河中段、壶流河和潮河中段水域。     

生物炭纳米复合材料去除环境中有机污染物研究进展

近年来,生物炭在环境修复、固碳、土壤改良等方面的得到广泛应用,与纳米材料联合制备的新型生物炭纳米复合材料使原生生物炭的比表面积、孔隙结构、官能团、催化降解能力等方面都有了较大改善,具有更好的可持续性和高效性,对环境中有机污染物具有良好的去除能力。本文介绍了生物炭纳米复合材料的不同制备工艺,重点阐述了生物炭纳米复合材料对不同环境介质中有机污染物的去除机理及应用,为后续生物炭纳米复合材料在环境修复应用的工程化和商业化提供理论依据和技术参考。     

Characterization of aircraft emissions and air quality impacts of an international airport

Beijing Capital International Airport(ZBAA) is the world's second busiest airport. In this study, the emissions of air pollutants from aircraft and other sources at ZBAA in 2015 were estimated using an improved method, which considered the mixing layer height calculated based on aircraft meteorological data relay(AMDAR), instead of using the height(915 m)recommended by ICAO. The yearly emissions of NO_x, CO, VOCs, SO_2, and PM_(2.5) at the airport were 8.76 × 10~3, 4.43 × 10~3, 5.43 × 10~2, 4.80 × 10~2, and 1.49 × 10~2 ton/year, respectively. The spatial–temporal distribution of aircraft emissions was systematically analyzed to understand the emission characteristics of aircraft. The results indicated that NOxwas mainly emitted during the take-off and climb phases, accounting for 20.5% and 55.5% of the total emissions. CO and HC were mainly emitted during the taxi phase, accounting for 91.6%and 92.2% of the total emissions. Because the mixing layer height was high in summer, the emissions of aircraft were at the highest level throughout the year. Based on the detailed emissions inventory, four seasons simulation using WRF-CMAQ model was performed over the domain surrounding the airport. The results indicated that the contribution to PM_(2.5) was relatively high in winter; the average impact was about 1.15 μg/m~3 within a radius of1 km around the airport. Meanwhile, the near surroundings and southwest areas of the airport are the most sensitive to PM_(2.5).     

上海霾与非霾期间大气颗粒物光学特性垂直分布特征和质量浓度对比研究

采用美国国家航空航天局的云-气溶胶激光雷达红外开拓者卫星搭载的正交极化云-气溶胶激光雷达数据产品,包括消光系数、光学厚度、总后向散射系数、体积退偏比和色比,结合地面监测的颗粒物质量浓度,分析上海大气相对湿度小于80%霾发生期间气溶胶光学属性的垂直分布特征和颗粒物质量浓度变化,并与非霾期间进行比较.结果表明:霾期间532 nm和1064 nm消光系数在垂直高度上(海拔:0~10 km)均大于非霾期间,且大多数霾期间颗粒物在整层大气的光学厚度大于非霾期间.在近地面,霾期间大气颗粒物散射能力大于非霾期间.各垂直高度层,霾与非霾期间小粒径和规则气溶胶占主导地位.霾期间近地面大粒径颗粒物在霾期间所占比例大于非霾期间;2.0~4.0 km高度层,霾和非霾期间细颗粒所占比例接近;4.0~10.0 km高度层,霾期间细颗粒气溶胶所占比例大于非霾期间.PM1、PM2.5和PM10质量浓度在霾期间均大于非霾期间,且霾期间细颗粒物所占比例明显增加.颗粒物质量浓度和比值PM1/PM2.5和PM2.5/PM10分别随霾污染程度的加重而升高.冬季颗粒物质量浓度最高,主要来自细颗粒物的贡献;而春季PM10质量浓度高于其它季节.     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in background surface soils from the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China: occurrence,sources, and inventory

Purposes  

Very few data for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were available in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), one of the most developed and urbanized region in China. In this study, Chongming Island, located at the estuary of the Yangtze River, was selected as background area to investigate the occurrence, sources, and inventory of PBDEs.     

Sustainable Development and Transition of Traditional Retailing Centers in Beijing from Consumers' Perspective

Based on the consumer questionnaires of the three traditional retailing centers,Qianmen,Wangfujing and Xidan in Beijing,this article analyzes the present features of consumer composition in the three retailing centers.What is more,the evolution course and function transition of traditional retailing centers is revealed based on the changing of consumer composition in different times.Lastly,the renewal method and development trends of traditional retailing centers are discussed based on the evaluation results in consumers' perspective.     

"三权分置"背景下多元经营主体农地利用效率——来自长江中下游地区的实证经验

随着"三权分置"农地制度改革的深入,更多的非集体成员可以进入到农业生产行业,多元农业经营主体的涌现必将对我国的乡村农地利用、农业生产和社会形态产生重大的影响.根据长江中下游地区617份农业经营主体入户调研数据,采用三阶段DEA模型从产值、产量两个方面测算了不同农业经营主体的综合效率、技术效率和规模效率,得到了如下结论:从规模效率来看,产值上资本农场的表现最好,产量上家庭农场则更优;从技术效率来看,产值上传统农户最优,而产量上资本农场最高;从综合效率来看,产值上资本农场最高,产量上家庭农场最高.农地利用效率结果可以得到的政策含义是若我们的政策目标是追求的是产值,则农业经营主体扩大经营规模仍是有效的选择,资本农场的效率最高;若我们追求的是粮食产量,则家庭农场是目前最优的选择.     

Rice straw for energy and value-added products in China: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - The rise of global waste and the decline of fossil fuels are calling for recycling waste into energy and materials. For example, rice straw, a by-product of rice...