Application of microwave irradiation in the removal of polychlorinated biphenyls from soil contaminated by capacitor oil

The applicability of microwave irradiation in the removal of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from the soil heavily contaminated by capacitor oil was studied. Granular activated carbon (GAC) was added into the soil as a microwave-absorbing material to rapidly increase the temperature of the reaction system. Effects of sodium hypophosphite (SHP) and iron powder (IP) as reductants on PCB removal, as well as the effects of water content in soil, microwave power and the amount of GAC added were investigated. The results indicated that in the presence of SHP and GAC, about 80% of PCBs in soil were effectively removed by 10 min microwave irradiation, and the further addition of IP could raise the average removal efficiency to a higher level, more than 95%. In the removal of PCBs with the microwave/GAC/IP/SHP system, an appropriate amount of water proved to be helpful in promoting the removal of PCBs from soil by steam distillation and in acting as a co-solvent of SHP and H-donor of IP.     

Assessing estrogenic activity in surface water and sediment of the Liao River system in northeast China using combined chemical and biological tools

This paper investigated some selected estrogenic compounds (4-t-octylphenol: 4-t-OP; 4-nonylphenols: 4-NP; bisphenol-A: BPA; diethylstilbestrol: DES; estrone: E1; 17β-estradiol: E2; 17α-Ethinylestradiol: EE2; triclosan: TCS) and estrogenicity in the Liao River system using the combined chemical and in vitro yeast screen bioassay and assessed their ecological risks to aquatic organisms. The estrogenic compounds 4-t-OP, 4-NP, BPA, E1, E2 and TCS were detected in most of the samples, with their concentrations up to 52.1 2065.7, 755.6, 55.8, 7.4 and 81.3 ng/L in water, and up to 8.6, 558.4, 33.8, 7.9, <LOQ and 33.9 ng/g in sediment, respectively. However, DES and EE2 were not detected in the Liao River. The estrogen equivalents (EEQ) of the water and sediment samples were also measured by the bioassay. High estrogenic risks to aquatic organisms were found in the river sections of metropolitan areas and the lower reach of the river system.     

基于不同方法的水生态健康评估 ——以北京市典型水体为例

在北京选择密云水库、昆明湖、福海和北运河水系河流等9个典型水体,利用基于不同水生生物的多样性指数法和综合指数法开展水生态健康评价.结果表明,基于浮游植物和底栖动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数所指示的水生态状况分别对应轻污染～中污染和中污染～重污染等级,而结合生境、水质和水生生物指标的两项综合指数反映出的水生...     

我国水泥行业脱硝设施投资分析与预测

我国水泥行业是居火力发电和汽车尾气排放之后的氮氧化物排放的第三大源,是"十二五"氮氧化物减排的重点行业。本研究在分析水泥行业氮氧化物排放与控制现状的基础上,根据减排目标与任务预测"十二五"期间水泥行业氮氧化物污染治理设施建设投资需求为22.24亿元;"十二五"末全国水泥脱硝设施运行费用将达到31.3亿元/年;2015年能够有效削减氮氧化物75万吨,较2010年削减13%。为此本研究建议加大政策支持力度,进一步加快脱硝设施建设;同时,借鉴国外水泥行业污染物防控经验,强化火焰冷却、分段燃烧、中窑烧制、矿化熟料等过程控制方法/技术的应用,并兼顾水泥行业粉尘、二氧化硫、碳氧化物、总有机碳、二恶英/呋喃、金属汞及其化合物、多环芳烃(PAH)等污染物的防控;重视微生物脱硝、电子束法等减少还原剂应用、避免氨逃逸、脱硝效率较高的氮氧化物控制技术研发,推进水泥行业先进污染防治技术尤其是氮氧化物控制技术示范推广以及产业化发展,为水泥行业污染减排提供有力技术支撑。     

石家庄市春季景观水体nirS型反硝化细菌群落特征分析

选取石家庄市主城区4个典型景观水体作为研究对象,在对水体水质特征分析的基础上,运用Illumina高通量测序技术对景观水体中的nir S型反硝化细菌种群结构和多样性进行测定,探究春季景观水体水质与nir S型反硝化细菌群落的相互关系.结果表明,4个景观水体中氮素含量为4. 43～13. 83 mg·L-1,氮素污染较严重;基于三维荧光光谱的特征指数分析,4个景观水体均呈现出较强的自生源及弱腐殖质特征; Illumina高通量测序结果表明,不同景观水体中nir S型反硝化细菌大多为变形菌门,在优势菌属上差异显著; unclassified_Bacteria(53. 52%)、假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)(60. 48%)和红杆菌属(Rhodobacter)(46. 94%)分别为裕西、水上和长安公园水体中的优势菌属,unclassified_Bacteria(36. 19%)和unclassified_Proteobacteria(23. 44%)为世纪公园水体中的优势菌属;冗余分析(RDA)结果表明,裕西公园反硝化细菌主要受硝氮、总氮和溶解氧的影响,水上公园反硝化细菌受总磷的影响较大,长安公园反硝化细菌主要受氨氮和亚硝氮的影响,世纪公园反硝化受总磷、亚硝氮和氨氮的影响较大.综上表明,春季不同景观水体的水质以及nir S型反硝化细菌的群落结构差异显著,通过开展景观水体水质、反硝化群落以及影响因素的研究,有助于对城市水系的水质特征以及反硝化群落结构的认识,对基于该水质特征的高效反硝化菌剂的研发具有指导意义.     

SBR工艺处理麻生物脱胶废水

利用SBR工艺处理麻生物脱胶废水 ,对CODCr、NH3 N的降解轨迹进行跟踪 ,了解废水降解的一般规律 ;研究SBR厌氧段。实验表明在此段中减少的CODCr和NH3 N主要是由于活性污泥的吸附、利用和前一周期置留混合液稀释的共同作用。实验结果也证明当进水CODCr15 0 0mg/L左右 ,负荷≤ 0 74kg/kg·d时 ,废水各项指标均可以达到排放标准 ,而且可以回用到生物脱胶反应器中 ,节约了稀释水。     

曝气生物活性炭滤池深度处理垃圾渗滤液的效能研究

为了考察曝气生物活性炭滤池(BACF)深度处理垃圾渗滤液的效能,研究了填料填充度、曝气位置、气水比、水力停留时间和p H等影响因素对滤池去除有机物、氨氮和总氮的影响。结果表明,最佳的工艺运行条件为:填料填充度为80%,底部曝气,气水比为3:1,水力停留时间为8 h,p H为7~8。在最佳工艺条件下运行反应器,COD、氨氮和TN平均去除率分别达到85%、90%和57%,出水可达到实验设定水质要求。BACF具有较强的抗有机负荷能力,进水COD浓度在323至3 000 mg/L之间时,COD去除率稳定在80%。反应器受氨氮冲击负荷影响较大,氨氮进水浓度低于90mg/L时,出水可达到要求。     

内酯型双乙酰槐糖脂对肿瘤细胞K562的抑制作用

槐糖脂是一类由酵母菌产生的糖脂类生物表面活性剂.双乙酰化的内酯型槐糖脂具有很好的药物学活性,研究其抗肿瘤活性对于拓宽槐糖脂的应用领域具有重要意义.通过MTT法倒置相差显微镜观察、荧光染色、DNA电泳研究内酯型双乙酰槐糖脂对肿瘤细胞K562的抑制作用.结果显示:槐糖脂能够抑制肿瘤细胞K562的增殖,作用24 h和48 h,IC50值分别为31.70μg/m L和29.80μg/m L.细胞形态发生了明显的变化,细胞胀大,细胞膜破裂,细胞内容物外溢、细胞解体.细胞核出现收缩、碎裂和溶解.DNA发生随机断裂,电泳时出现弥散性涂抹状条带.本研究表明,内酯型双乙酰槐糖脂能够抑制肿瘤细胞K562的增殖,细胞坏死是抑制K562细胞增殖的主要原因.     

呼和浩特市地下水资源面临的问题与对策

通过对呼和浩特市地下水资源及利用情况的分析 ,认为呼和浩特市地下水资源处于超量开采状态 ,将对水环境系统构成破坏性影响。针对地下水资源利用中存在的问题 ,提出合理利用和保护对策