Hyperaccumulating potential of Bidens pilosa L. for Cd and elucidation of its translocation behavior based on cell membrane permeability

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Phytoremediation with the use of hyperaccumulating plant species to remove excess trace metals from contaminated soil and water is considered a...     

Immobilization of laccase by Cu2+ chelate affinity interaction on surface-modified magnetic silica particles and its use for the removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol

Magnetic Cu²⁺-chelated silica particles that employ polyacrylamide as a metal-chelating ligand were developed and used to immobilize laccase by coordination. The particles were characterized by scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The preparation, the enzymatic properties of the immobilized laccase, and its catalytic capacity for 2,4-dichlorophenol degradation were systemically evaluated. The results showed that immobilized laccase exhibited maximum enzyme activity when it was immobilized for 1 h at a pH of 4.0 and a temperature of 5 °C. The optimum laccase dose was 20 mg/g of carrier. In comparison to free laccase, the immobilized laccase had better acid adaptability and thermal stability. Higher activity was observed for immobilized laccase at a pH range of 2.0 to 3.5 and temperatures from 25 to 40 °C. The immobilized laccase that was prepared for this work exhibited a good catalytic capacity for removing 2,4-dichlorophnol from aqueous solutions.     

生物体内甲基汞检测方法的研究进展

无机汞离子容易在微生物的作用下转化为毒性很强的甲基汞,甲基汞具有亲脂性易在生物体内积累,并通过食物链传递对人体健康产生严重危害。因此研究和建立生物体内甲基汞含量快速、准确的检测方法至关重要。文中概述了生物体内甲基汞的主要检测技术和方法,其中气相色谱-原子荧光光谱法(GC-AFS)、高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用法(HPLC-ICP/MS)和高效液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法(HPLCAFS)是三种最常用的检测方法。同时,介绍了处于研究阶段的化学荧光探针检测方法,并对生物体内甲基汞的检测技术发展方向进行了展望。     

基于水资源分区的黄河流域土地利用变化对人类活动的响应

在分析黄河流域1980-2015年土地利用面积变化的基础上,基于水资源二级分区,采用土地利用变化重要性指数（C_i）、土地利用变化面积比例（D）、林草植被变化指数（R）三个指标分析8个子区域土地利用变化的方向和程度;然后针对1980-1990年、1990-2000年、2000-2010年、2010-2015年四个时期,采用单一土地利用动态度、综合土地利用动态度及土地利用程度研究各分区的土地利用变化速度与程度。结果表明：与1980年相比,城乡工矿居民用地与水域面积变化最为显著。8个分区的土地利用变化面积比例均在20%左右,相互之间差异不大。在单一土地利用类型变化方面,沙漠及未利用地、水域和城市及工矿用地变化速度明显,其余三种土地利用类型由于面积基数较大,变化速度相对较小,但是变化面积很大。从各时期看,2010-2015年变化速度最大,并且大致呈现随时间推移变化速度逐渐增大的特征。在综合土地利用变化的速度方面,8个分区基本呈现出逐渐增大的趋势,上游龙羊峡以上增加最为明显。     

添加剂对牛粪堆肥不同阶段真菌群落演替的影响

为研究物理添加剂对牛粪堆肥过程中真菌群落结构的影响,以牛粪和小麦秸秆为原料,以生物炭、火山石作为添加剂,进行了为期30d的堆肥实验.结果表明,好氧发酵基本实现牛粪无害化和稳定化的要求.高通量测序结果显示,堆肥原料中Wallemia占主导地位,相对丰度达到86.85%;堆肥高温阶段,空白处理和火山石处理中Wallemia、Aspergillus为优势菌属,而生物炭处理中Scedosporium、Acremonium相对丰度较高;降温阶段,Mycothermus和Thermomyces占优势,添加生物炭的处理中Thermomyces的相对丰度较其他两个处理高.腐熟阶段,3个处理中Mycothermus的相对丰度均为最高,而火山石的添加增加了Remersonia及Trichosporon的相对丰度.Spearman相关性分析结果表明,牛粪堆肥过程中Mycothermus与GI、TN、TP、NH₄⁺-N、含水率、pH值、VS、脲酶显著相关（P<0.05）.本研究从真菌变化的角度,为牛粪好氧发酵机理研究与工艺优化提供参考.     

笔谈:食物浪费

食物浪费是我们长期高度关注和社会发展迫切需要解决的问题,如何正确认识食物浪费并尽量减少食物浪费是研究的重点。文章认为食物浪费是一面折射社会文明的多棱镜,需要从多角度认识食物浪费产生的原因及后果,谨防减少食物浪费的努力变成更大的浪费,减少食物浪费要多管齐下,既要节约,又要推进健康饮食文化,借鉴国外研究方法和经验,填补中国食物浪费数据空白,构建资源智慧型食物系统。     

ZL-1与PAM联用治理煤泥水的研究

针对煤泥水难以自然沉降的问题，研究了煤泥水的性质，提出了新的混凝剂ZL—1与PAM联用的治理方法。该方法简单，处理效果好，处理后上清水完全回用于洗煤，实现了洗水闭路循环。     

套筒式SBR滗水器的设计与运行

文章重点介绍套筒式滗水器的设计及应用.套筒式滗水器由撇水堰槽、下降套筒管、水平管、传动装置等部分组成,通过下降管中内外套筒上下伸缩,撇水堰槽上下移动,将表层澄清水撇入滗水器,再经下降管汇入水平管,最后从出水管排出.此种滗水器具有运行稳定、控制简单、不漏水、水流运动平稳、不扰动污泥层等特点.     

紊动水体复氧规律研究

根据紊动扩散理论及气液界面质量传递过程，在对流场精确描述和对表面传质系数充分研究的基础上，建立了三维紊动水体复氧模型。模型充分考虑了流场及紊动特性对复氧影响。     

Nickel phosphide on Ni foam as anode and peroxymonosulfate as the chemical oxidizer for effective direct urea fuel cell

The direct urea fuel cell (DUFC) is a low cost and competitive approach for contemporaneous urine or urea-contaminated wastewater treatment and electricity generation. However, the lack of efficient urea oxidation reaction (UOR) electrocatalysts and suitable electron acceptors remains a challenge for practical applications. Here, we developed a DUFC system using Ni₂[email protected] foam as the anode and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) as the chemical oxidizers. The Ni₂[email protected] foam anode showed a high oxidation activity for UOR with an onset potential of 0.30 V vs. Ag/AgCl and Tafel slope of 34.4 mV/dec. PMS with high theoretical potential improved the cell voltage to 1.43 V. A power density of DUFC up to 4.91 mW/cm² was achieved using PMS at room temperature, which was approximately twice as high as using H₂O₂ (2.38 mW/cm²). Ni^II/Ni^III was the redox active species on the Ni₂P anode in the DUFC process, and Ni^II was electrochemically oxidized to Ni^III, which reverted to Ni^II by urea reduction. When real human urine was used as the fuel, a power density of 4.46 mW/cm² can be achieved at room temperature. This DUFC with high cell performance showed potential application in urea wastewater treatment.