基于Rockfall数值模拟的边坡落石防护网修复加固方案研究∗

某水电站尾水支洞边坡多次发生落石灾害,原被动防护网已发生局部破损,严重威胁着尾水支洞施工期和运行期的安全,需对原防护网进行修复加固。由于山体陡峭、地貌复杂,人工调查无法确定落石源,采用高精度无人机航摄初步排查出四处可疑危险源区域,利用Rockfall 软件进行落石轨迹模拟计算,通过对比分析计算成果与观测到的落石落点位置与威胁区域分布情况,反分析确定了两处落石源。在此基础上,根据落石源的落石运动特征,复核分析了原防护能力不足的原因,发现原防护网的能级和高度不足是导致落石灾害发生的主要原因。通过提高防护网的能级和高度,提出了原位修复和增高加固两种方案。研究结果表明：两种方案均能有效减小落石威胁区域面积、降低落石率、改善运动特征参数。其中增高加固方案的防护效果更加显著,落石被全部拦截,落石弹跳高度和动能的最大值分别降低了69.64%、66.02%。对被动防护网破损部位的修复加固,综合考虑现场实际情况与落石模拟计算成果进行修复方案设计更为科学合理。研究成果可为该工程的落石防护方案提供科学依据,为类似工程设计与落石分析提供参考。     

Identification and detection sensitivity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Microcystis aeruginosa</Emphasis> from mixed and field samples using MALDI-TOF MS

To verify the applicability of identifying Microcystis aeruginosa by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), mixed and field samples were employed to study the sensitivity and the analysis power, respectively. Series diluted samples and artificially mixed samples by the M. aeruginosa NIES-843 strain were designed to verify the sensitivity. The lowest detection limit was 1.955?×?10⁶ cells in pure samples, while for mixed samples, the lowest detection limit and ratio of NIES-843 strain were 2.88?×?10⁶ cells and 33.7%, respectively. The results provided a reference for the reasonable volume of the water sample in which the M. aeruginosa could be detected. Ribosomal protein biomarkers for identifying M. aeruginosa which were successfully detected from the field samples in Taihu Lake, indicated that the identification of M. aeruginosa by MALDI-TOF MS could be applied in field samples. Furthermore, different genetic types of M. aeruginosa strains were also detected at different locations in Taihu Lake, which revealed the diversity of M. aeruginosa and the detection power of MALDI-TOF MS at the strain level for the field samples. The sensitivity and detection power in the analysis of M. aeruginosa by the MALDI-TOF MS demonstrated the applicability of this method in routine environmental monitoring.     

湖北省粮食产量与耕地非农化关系研究

利用计量经济分析方法,分析了湖北省粮食产量与耕地非农化之间的关系。结果表明,耕地非农化是湖北省粮食产量变化的影响因素,但并不是主要的影响因素,两者存在着低度负相关关系。耕地非农化会从耕地数量和质量上影响粮食播种面积和粮食单产,从而影响粮食产量总产的变化,因此需要从法律、制度、技术、行政和意识方面保护耕地,确保全省粮食安全。     

东江中游水质时空分异特征及影响因素研究

运用多元统计方法,对东江中游水质自动站（河源临江站和惠州剑潭站）2009-2012年水质监测数据进行时空分异特征及影响因素研究。结果表明：水站水质在Ⅰ类～Ⅲ类之间;空间特征差异为 T 与 TB 差异不显著,pH 值、EC、DO、IMn、NH3-N 及 TP均存在极显著差异;水期体征差异为河源临江站除 DO各水期差异显著外,其他指标差异不明显,惠州剑潭站 pH值、EC、IMn与 TP各水期均呈显著差异,NH3-N 水期差异不显著。Pearson 相关性分析表明,T 是制约河源临江站水体 DO的主要相关因子,营养盐作用相对较低;惠州剑潭站水体 DO 与 T、TP及 IMn呈极显著负相关关系。通过因子分析,识别出影响惠州剑潭水质的主因子,量化了水体理化性质、地表径流及人为污染对水质变化的贡献。     

气田富气回收工艺技术应用

2007年以前,新疆油田公司气田装置所产生的富气均通过火炬放空燃烧,既增加了CO_2排放量,对环境产生污染,同时也造成资源浪费。文章介绍了分子筛脱水、增压分离处理两种回收工艺技术及其适应性,通过现场实践,实现富气的自用和作为商品气外输,年回收利用富气2442×10~4m~3,实现了零排放,节能减排效果显著。     

高铁酸钾氧化降解水中的苯酚

以自制的固体K2FeO4作为氧化剂对水中的苯酚进行氧化降解.在苯酚初始浓度为0.10 mmol /L、溶液pH 为9、反应时间为30 min、n(K2FeO4)= n(苯酚)为15 的条件下,苯酚去除率可达99.8%.反应过程中,K2 FeO4的强氧化作用与其产物Fe(OH)3 的絮凝作用产生协同效应,提高了苯酚的降解...     

生态工业园低碳发展的指标与途径

在分析生态工业园碳流过程和低碳发展重点的基础上,提出了生态工业园低碳发展指导性指标,并从低碳能源、低碳技术、碳汇建设、低碳交通、低碳建筑、低碳管理等方面,提出了生态工业园的低碳发展途径。     

养殖废水SBR碳源投加实时控制研究

畜禽养殖废水是典型的高氨氮、低C/N比有机废水。常规生物处理工艺由于反硝化碳源不足导致脱氮效率较低。在2个平行运行的序批式反应器(SBR)中建立实时控制体系以研究投加猪粪浓浆作为外部碳源对脱氮除磷效果的影响。结果表明,根据ORP实时曲线特征优化碳源投加方案,可按水质变化情况适量补充所需碳源,增强体系脱氮效果,同时加强对磷的去除。在优化碳源投加的运行期NH4+-N及PO43-的去除率分别达到99%和69%。     

Treatment of 2-phenylamino-3-methyl-6-di-n-butylaminofluoran production effluent by combination of biological treatments and Fenton’s oxidation

High strength refractory organic stream is produced during the production of 2-phenylamino-3-methyl-6-di-n-butylaminofluoran (One Dye Black 2,abbr.ODB 2),a novel heat-sensitive material with a promising market.In this study,a combination of acidification- precipitation,primary biological treatment,Fenton's oxidation and another biological treatment was successfully used for the removal of COD from 18000-25000 mg/L to below 200 mg/L from the ODB 2 production wastewater in a pilot experiment.A COD removal of 70%-80% was achieved by acidification-precipitation under a pH of 2.5-3.0.The first step biodegradation permitted an average COD removal of 70% under an hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 30 h.By batch tests,the optimum conditions of Fenton's oxidation were acquired as:Fe~(2 ) dose 6.0 mmol/L;H_2O_2 dose 3000 mg/L;and reaction time 6 h.The second step biological treatment could ensure an effluent COD below 200 mg/L under an HRT of 10 h following the Fenton's treatment.     

黄河中下游水体中多环芳烃的分布及来源

对小浪底至山东东明段黄河干、支流水、悬浮物和沉积物进行了采样分析.结果表明,干流水相∑15PAHs浓度范围为179～369ng/L,其中除焦巩桥外其它断面苯并(a)芘均超过国家饮用水标准;支流水相浓度均高于相应干流,尤其是富含低环PAHs的孟州一干渠对干流沉积相浓度有较大影响.与水相相比,悬浮、沉积相中PAHs检出种类较多,干流悬浮相∑13PAHs浓度范围为54～155μg/kg,且各环PAHs与悬浮相中TOC含量间存在一定正相关.干流沉积相∑13PAHs浓度范围为31～133μg/kg,其4、5、6环P