生态文明建设的善治结构:三明治模型

在评析西方社会变革"三明治模型"的基础上,将其扩展应用于生态文明建设。借鉴西方社会变革的成功经验,基于我国实际构建生态文明建设的善治结构设计,构建了由生态政府、生态社会和生态公民协同至善的"三明治模型",并详细阐述了这一模型的动态演进过程和治理运行机制,为深化这一领域的研究提供了新视角和新思路。在生态文明建设的善治结构中,生态政府的重要职责是增强国家力量,生态企业发挥主责作用,生态公民的草根运动则是最广泛的基础。     

有机无机配施下西北旱区麦田土壤N2O的排放特征及微生物特性

有机无机配施可为作物提供长效持续的营养物质来源,研究旱地农田有机无机配施带来的环境效应和土壤酶活性及微生物特性,对减少化肥面源污染,改善生态环境有重要意义.本试验以3个梯度氮水平(NO、N1、N2):0、150、300 kg·hm-2为主处理,单施化肥和有机无机配施(+M)为副处理,有机肥施用量为30 t·hm-2;测定了小麦生长季的温室气体N2O排放通量和土壤酶活性,硝态氮及铵态氮含量和土壤物理性质.结果表明,土壤N2O排放通量最高的为N2+M处理,排放通量达到0.190 4 mg·(m2·h)-1,N2+M处理较NO累计排放量提高了 255％;N2和N2+M处理N2O的排放通量和增温潜势高于N1和N1+M处理,而产量低于N1和N1+M处理;微生物量碳氮以N2+M处理分蘖期最多,分别为346.31 mg·kg-1和33.36 mg·kg-1;N2+M处理的土壤酶活性较高,其次是N2处理,NO和NO+M处理土壤酶活性较低;通径分析表明,铵态氮(NH4+-N)、土壤磷酸酶(AKP)和微生物量氮(MBN)对N2O排放通量的直接影响较大,其他间接影响较小可不予以考虑.研究旱地麦田有机无机配施的环境效益,与多方面因素相关,合理地配施有机肥可以平衡产量与土壤环境的综合效益.     

珠江三角洲土壤中的有机氯农药的分布特征

为确定珠江三角洲土壤中有机氯农药的含量、来源以及组成特点,对珠江三角洲中心地带广州、佛山、东莞城市群的土壤进行了采样、处理以及气象色谱分析,测定了其中有机氯农药的含量:其中,三地土壤中HCHs的含量范围是0.19～42.3,均值4.42 ng·g-1,而且在四种HCHs的单体中β-HCH的含量在三地的土壤中分布最高;三地土壤中DDTs的含量范围是3.58～831,均值82.1 ng·g-1,而DDT/(DDD+DDE)的比值在一些样品中大于2甚至更高,说明近期内仍然存在着DDTs的使用和排放.广州东莞佛山三地土壤中有机氯农药的总量分别为205、46和105 t,构成了一个潜在的南海有机氯农药污染源.     

Persistent organic pollutants in environment of the Pearl River Delta,China: an overview

In the Pearl River Delta of China, the rapidly developing industrial and agricultural activities, municipal development and use of chemicals caused serious environmental problems. This report summarizes the published scientific data on POPs in the environment of the Pearl River Delta, including the levels of POPs in the air, water, soil, river and estuarine sediments, the marine organisms like fish and shellfish in this region. The data preliminarily reveal the state of contamination in this region and give insight into the fate of POPs in this sub-tropical area. However, most research in this area is limited to a few kinds of POP compounds.     

抗生素类药物对土壤微生物呼吸的影响

为评价抗生素类药物对土壤生态环境的影响,通过室内直接吸收法测定了磺胺、四环素、大环内酯类等几类抗生素对水稻土土壤微生物呼吸的影响.结果表明,磺胺甲嘧啶、磺胺甲唑、氯四环素、四环素、泰乐菌素、甲氧苄啶对土壤呼吸的最大抑制率分别为34.33％、 34.43％、 2.71％、 3.08％、 7.13％、 38.08％,以磺胺甲唑和甲氧苄啶对土壤呼吸影响最大.在试验早期(0～2 d),磺胺甲嘧啶、磺胺甲唑和甲氧苄啶的≥10 mg·kg^-1处理显著抑制土壤呼吸.同一种抗生素随着浓度的增加对土壤呼吸的影响不同,磺胺甲唑与甲氧苄啶对土壤呼吸的影响表现出很好的剂量依赖效应.参考农药的安全性评价标准,可以认为试验中各抗生素属于低毒或无实际危害的药物.     

Simultaneous elution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals from contaminated soil by two amino acids derived from β-cyclodextrins

Two highly water-soluble amino acids, which derived from -CDs, i.e., glutamic acid- -cyclodextrin (GluCD) and ethylene-diamine- -cyclodextrin (EDCD), were synthesized and were examined for their e ect on solubilization of anthracene (ANT), complexation of cadmium (Cd2+), and elution removal of ANT and Cd2+ in soil. The results showed that GluCD and EDCD were powerful complexant for ANT and Cd2+. In the presence of 10 g/L GluCD and EDCD, the solubilization of ANT increased by 47.04 and 23.85 times compared to the control, respectively. GluCD resulted in approximately 90% complexation of Cd2+ while 70% complexation was observed for EDCD. Simultaneously, GluCD and EDCD could greatly enhance the elution removal of ANT and Cd2+ from soil. GluCD resulted in the highest elution e ciency of ANT and Cd2+.With the addition of 10 g/L GluCD, 53.5% of ANT and 85.6% of Cd2+ were eluted, respectively. The ANT had a negligible e ect on the Cd2+ removal due to di erent complexing sites of ANT and Cd2+, while Cd2+ enhanced the ANT removal under the addition of GluCD because Cd2+ neutralized the –COOH group of GluCD. Adversely, the removal of ANT was decreased with Cd2+ under the addition of EDCD, this was due to the fact that Cd2+ enhanced the polarity of EDCD molecule and inhibited the complexation between ANT and EDCD. The study suggested that GluCD could be preferred and be successfully applied to remediation of heavy metals or organic compounds in contaminated soil.     

基于EFDC城市景观湖泊水动力模拟研究

城市景观湖泊是生态城市建设的重要组成部分,其水流缓慢,水动力交换和自净能力较弱,水质易受城市排污、径流、人为活动等因素影响。本文应用EFDC(environment fluid dynamic code)三维模型研究分析了典型城市景观湖泊-天印湖的水动力特征,模拟了2011年9月至2013年12月水龄变化过程和时空分布,分析降雨径流和风力驱动对水龄的影响力。结果表明:天印湖的水动力主要驱动力为降雨径流,风力对水龄的影响很小。研究结论有助于理解城市景观水体的水动力特性以及进一步研究水动力对水质变化的影响,并为城市水环境建设和保护提供一定的方案支持。     

论中国水污染物排放标准的现状及特点

水污染物的排放对环境的不利影响越来越受到社会各界的高度重视,作为直接控制污染源排放技术依据的水污染物排放标准也成为关注的焦点。水污染物排放标准通过实行对浓度控制与总量控制相结合的原则制定排污浓度、数量的最高允许值,是国家环境法规的重要组成部分。通过回顾中国水污染物排放标准的发展历程,剖析了国内水污染物排放标准的现状及特点,指出了现行水污染物排放标准存在的问题,提出了完善中国水污染物排放标准体系的建议。     

价值链管理在企业集团财务控制中应用的可行性分析

企业集团是现代社会中重要的经济组织形式,而财务控制在整个企业集团的管理控制中起着举足轻重的作用,但是传统的企业集团财务控制从理论到实践操作当中都存在着许多不可忽视的问题和缺陷.价值链管理作为一种全新的管理理论,无论从目标到特征还是控制模式都符合现代企业集团对企业集团财务控制的要求,所以能够很好的应用于企业集团的财务控制中,在企业集团财务控制中应用的可行性也就不言而寓了.     

Determining the COVID-19 effects on spillover between oil market and stock exchange: a global perspective analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper investigates volatility spillovers between the global crude oil market and the stock markets of the global oil stock markets (Russian,...