The influence of various additives on coagulation process at different dosing point: From a perspective of structure properties

Structure properties of flocs (size, fractal dimension (D_f), etc.) have a high impact on coagulation efficiency. In this work, the influences of three different additives (ferric salt (Fe), phosphate (P), and citric acid (CA)) on coagulation process/efficiency were investigated. Results showed that a small amount of extra Fe can facilitate the growth of Al flocs by providing more ‘active sites’. Although zeta potential and D_f showed a limited change, the average floc size increased apparently and the increment was more obvious when Fe was added after the formation of the flocs. In contrast, P addition during the rapid mixing period will decrease the final average floc size, while the influence is less significant when P was added after the growth of the flocs. In terms of CA, a more striking negative effect on the growth ability of the flocs was observed compared to P. The strong complexing/coordination interactions between CA and aluminum hydroxide is the main reason behind the influence. CA also significantly decreased the D_f value of the flocs compared to P, and D_f showed a comparatively higher decrease when P or CA was added during the rapid mixing stage compared to the addition after the flocs formation. These results indicated that the addition of CA or P during the rapid mixing stage ‘inactivated’ or occupied more ‘active sites’ on the preliminarily formed Al NPs during the hydrolysis process, and therefore presented stronger impact on the morphology/size of the formed flocs.     

印染废水处理技术研究进展探析

印染废水的主要特点是色度、BOD、COD、pH值、温度和浊度高,分子量大,生物降解性低,且废水成分复杂,含有有机高分子化合物和助凝剂等.综述了印染废水处理技术的研究及应用现状,介绍了印染废水中常用的物理处理法、化学处理法和生物法,分析了不同处理方法的研究及应用效果及优缺点,提出了各处理方法的技术缺陷及存在的问题,并对印染废水处理未来的研究方向进行了展望,不同处理方法间的组合可以较好地发挥它们各自的优点,是未来可靠处理印染废水的有效方法.     

一种新型聚四氟乙烯膜在油田采出水的试验研究

本实验装置原水为大庆油田采出水,经过0.1μm聚四氟乙烯膜处理后要求达到SS≤1.0 mg/L、粒径中值≤1μm和0il≤5.0 mg/L的标准,然后再回注。实验结果表明:在预处理出水稳定在0il≤15.0 mg/L、SS≤5.0 mg/L、粒径中值≤3μm条件下,该水质作为膜系统的进水时,膜的出水水质中粒径中值不达标,SS和oil含量能达到设计要求。在预处理出水水质超出设计范围时,膜的出水水质中SS超标,而oil和粒径中值能达标。     

燃煤热电厂掺烧城镇污泥的飞灰属性鉴别研究

污泥焚烧被认为是有具有良好发展前景的污泥减量化和资源化技术,已成为目前污泥处置的主流方式。印染废水处理设施和集中式生活污水处理厂产生的污泥环境风险属中度,推荐采用焚烧的处置方式。通过对燃煤热电厂掺烧污泥飞灰属性鉴别采样方法的分析和筛选,依据GB 5085.1—2007至GB 5085.6—2007等相关规范对飞灰进行鉴别,认为燃煤锅炉掺烧少量印染污泥和生活污泥后,其飞灰不具备危险固废特性,可按照一般固废进行综合利用。焚烧产生的飞灰特性取决于掺烧污泥的属性,要求污泥焚烧项目飞灰综合利用前应按要求开展危险废物鉴别。     

Strong enhancement of methylene blue removal from binary wastewater by in-situ ferrite process

Dye wastewater containing heavy metal ions is a common industrial effluent with complex physicochemical properties.The treatment of metal–dye binary wastewater is difficult.In this work,a novel in-situ ferrite process(IFP) was applied to treat Methylene Blue(MB)–Cu(II)binary wastewater,and the operational parameters were optimized for MB removal.Results showed that the optimum operating conditions were OH/M of 1.72,Cu~(2+)/Fe~(2+)ratio of 1/2.5,reaction time of 90 min,aeration intensity of 320 mL/min,and reaction temperature of40°C.Moreover,the presence of Ca~(2+)and Mg~(2+)moderately influenced the MB removal.Physical characterization results indicated that the precipitates yielded in IFP presented high surface area(232.50 m2/g) and a multi-porous structure.Based on the Langmuir model,the maximum adsorption capacity toward MB was 347.82 mg/g for the precipitates produced in IFP,which outperformed most other adsorbents.Furthermore,IFP rapidly sequestered MB with removal efficiency 5 to 10 times greater than that by general ferrite adsorption,which suggested a strong enhancement of MB removal by IFP.The MB removal process by IFP showed two different high removal stages,each with a corresponding removal mechanism.In the first brief stage(5 min),the initial high MB removal(~95%)was achieved by predominantly electrostatic interactions.Then the sweep effect and encapsulation were dominant in the second longer stage.     

2种拟除虫菊酯类农药对赤子爱胜蚓消化酶的毒性效应

拟除虫菊酯类农药已经逐渐代替有机磷等农药被大量使用,给土壤动物带来潜在生态风险.本研究选择了土壤模式生物赤子爱胜蚓为受试生物,考察2种拟除虫菊酯类农药(联苯菊酯和氟氯氰菊酯)对赤子爱胜蚓消化酶活性(α-葡萄糖苷酶和蛋白酶)的影响.结果表明,α-葡萄糖苷酶(α-Glu)活性在暴露初期被联苯菊酯诱导,随着时间的延长,出现抑...     

气升式内循环蜂窝陶瓷反应器高效快速修复地表水的研究

采用新型蜂窝陶瓷载体气升式内循环反应器(IAL-CHS)对受污染的城市地表水进行生物修复,该反应器能快速有效地修复受污染水体.考查了氨氮的变化历程、HRT与氨氮去除率间的关系,确定了最佳HRT为20 min.在HRT为20 min、接触反应时间仅为14 min条件下,该反应器对氨氮、TP、COD、TOC、浊度、UV254的去除率分别为86.7%～96.2%、4.5%～34.4%、15.5%～63.6%、5.8%～38.1%、9.4%～88.3%、3.8%～48.5%.     

上海市空气质量变化的多重分形分析

以上海市2000年7月至2006年6月的污染指数时间序列为基础数据,引入多重分形分析方法对上海市的大气污染特征及其变化趋势进行了研究.研究表明,上海市的3种主要大气污染物(SO2、NO2和PM10)在整个时间尺度上均表现出标度不变性,具有完全不同的多重分形特征.多重分形分析方法不仅能确认序列中的标度不变性,而且能说明3种大气污染物序列中概率分布的标度变化,这对于描述大气污染物时间序列的动力学变化具有现实意义.另外,进一步应用3个多重分形谱参数(B、△a和△f),研究了3种大气污染物各年的多重分形谱的变化,并结合上海市采取的大气环境治理措施,对其变化的原因进行了分析.结果表明,多重分形谱参数可作为一个评价城市空气质量演变程度的综合定量指标.为分析城市空气质量的演变提供了一条新的途径,对于认识上海市城市空气质量的变化过程和科学制订环境保护决策具有重要意义.     

Organochlorine pesticides in soils around Guanting Reservoir,China

Fifty-six representative samples of topsoil were collected around Guanting Reservoir, which is an important water source for Beijing. Concentrations of the insecticides HCH, DDT, and their metabolites were quantified by use of gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detection (ECD). Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are still present in surface soils in the Guanting area. DDT accounts for about 93% of the total OCP content. Concentrations of α/γ, β/γ, and DDT/DDE are the result not only of historical use, but also of more recent depositions. Statistical analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA), revealed associations between concentrations of OCPs and major soil characteristics. Geographical information system (GIS) technology was used to develop maps of the distributions of OCP concentrations. The areas of greatest contamination were primarily in the central part of the study area and were correlated with greater population density, heavier traffic, and more industrial activity.     

电化学法检测芴的细胞毒性

以小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(BALB/c 3T3)和中国仓鼠肺细胞(V79)为模型细胞,利用基于石墨烯量子点/玻碳电极(RGOQDs/GCE)的细胞电化学法研究多环芳烃(PAHs)类化合物芴的细胞毒性,并与四唑盐比色试验(MTT)对比,验证电化学法的可靠性.时间-效应研究结果表明,培养时间为30 h时,芴对2种细胞的毒性最强;剂量-效应研究结果表明,电化学法测得的芴对BALB/c 3T3和V79细胞毒性的半数抑制浓度(IC50)值分别为0.89 mmol·L-1和0.25 mmol·L-1,MTT法测得的IC50值分别为1.34 mmol·L-1和0.86 mmol·L-1.这说明芴对V79细胞的毒性效应更强,这可能是由于芴对V79细胞嘌呤核苷酸代谢影响更大.电化学法的检测结果与MTT法的结果趋势一致,且IC50值均低于MTT法,说明本文使用的电化学法可以有效灵敏地评价芴的细胞毒性.芴的细胞毒性作用机制可能是通过激活细胞中p53基因进而影响细胞嘌呤核苷酸代谢.本法通过检测细胞中嘌呤含量变化而评价芴的细胞毒性.