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41.
Tsukimori K Uchi H Mitoma C Yasukawa F Chiba T Todaka T Kajiwara J Yoshimura T Hirata T Fukushima K Wake N Furue M 《Environment international》2012,38(1):79-86
Background
Studies on the association of maternal exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with decreased birth weight in humans have produced conflicting results. In Japan in 1968, an accidental human exposure to rice oil contaminated with PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs, led to the development of Yusho disease.Objective
The Yusho cohort was used to evaluate the effect of maternal exposure to PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs on birth weight.Methods
Blood samples, obtained from 101 Yusho women (190 births) who gave birth after exposure, were analyzed for congeners of seven PCDDs, ten PCDFs, and four non-ortho PCBs.Results
Total PCDD TEQ (adjusted beta = − 161.9 g; 95% CI, −265.3 to − 58.6), total PCDF TEQ (adjusted beta = − 105.9 g; 95% CI, −179.5 to − 32.2), and total non-ortho PCBs (adjusted beta = − 178.4 g; 95% CI, −318.3 to − 38.5) levels were inversely associated with birth weight. Significant inverse associations with birth weight were also found for total PCDD TEQ, total PCDF TEQ, and total non-ortho PCB TEQ levels among male, but not female, infants. Significant inverse associations with birth weight were also found for nine congeners among all infants; the adjusted beta coefficients were largest for 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD and smallest for 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF.Conclusion
In the setting of exposure to high levels of dioxins, maternal blood levels of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs are associated with lower birth weight in Yusho patients. The association exhibited gender-specific differences, as male infants are more susceptible than females to growth restriction induced by in utero dioxin exposures. 相似文献42.
Mbulisi Sibanda Timothy Dube Tariro Mubango Cletah Shoko 《Journal of Land Use Science》2016,11(4):384-400
Land tenure and land policies influence the spatial variations of land use/cover (LULC) at any given time or place. Thus, it is important to evaluate the role of land tenure policies on land cover changes. In this study, we evaluate the utility of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images in understanding the impacts of the 2000 fast track land reform (FTLR) policy on LULC in the eastern region, Zimbabwe. Landsat images for the year 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2011 were classified using traditional image classification techniques (i.e. the maximum likelihood (ML) classifier) in a geographic information system (GIS) environment. Results indicate that forested areas drastically decreased by approx. 30% between the year 2000 and 2005 (during and after the FTLR), while croplands marginally increased by (approx. 30%) the results further showed that slight increase in bare lands (degraded lands) and disturbed lands. The observed LULC changes after FTLR were mostly induced by human activities resulting from changes in land tenure. Overall, the findings of this study underscores the importance of remotely sensed data in assessing the impact of FTLR on forest resources for purposes of informed and sustainable forest management. 相似文献
43.
Tsukimori K Uchi H Mitoma C Yasukawa F Fukushima K Todaka T Kajiwara J Yoshimura T Hirata T Wake N Furue M 《Chemosphere》2011,84(7):928-935
Accumulated maternal dioxins are passed onto the fetus and neonate via the placenta and maternal milk. In Japan in 1968, an accidental human exposure to rice oil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other dioxin-related compounds, such as polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), led to development of Yusho oil disease. We investigated differences in blood dioxin concentrations in mother-children pairs affected by the Yusho incident. From 2002 to 2008, blood samples were collected from 26 pairs of Yusho mothers and their children (19 mothers, 26 children). Specific congeners of seven polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), ten PCDFs, and four non-ortho PCBs were analyzed. The children had significantly lower TEQ concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, and coplanar PCBs compared to their mothers. The mother-child difference in blood concentrations varied with the congeners; the largest for 2,3,4,7,8-pentaCDF and the smallest for 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptaCDD. The level for 2,3,4,7,8-pentaCDF, which characterizes Yusho oil disease, was approximately 17-30 times higher in the mothers than in the general population, whereas there were no significant differences between children in the formula-fed group and the general population. In contrast, the mean level for 2,3,4,7,8-pentaCDF in the breast-fed group was approximately 1.5 times, (range 0.5-6.5 times) higher than that in the general population. Over 30 years after the Yusho incident, the mean blood dioxin levels in the offspring were only a fraction of the levels in their mothers. This is more consistent with exposure via breast milk than via transplacental transfer in the Yusho incident. 相似文献
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46.
Fukushima T. Kureha M. Ozaki N. Fujimori Y. Harasawa H. 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2002,7(2):173-189
To evaluate the influences of air temperature change on ski activities, thechanges in the numbers of skiers visiting seven ski areas in Japan were predicted in conjunction with climate change. First, having built a model forpredicting snow depth based on the budgets of water and heat using the air temperature and precipitation data collected nationwide, we demonstrated goodagreement between the predicted and observed snow depths (p < 0.01 and the ratios for more than 81% cases ranged from 0.5 to 2). Second, the relationshipbetween the number of skiers and the depth of snow at one of the seven ski areaswas analyzed statistically on a daily basis. In addition, we did the same on amonthly basis at six other ski areas and compared the observed and predictednumbers of skiers (p < 0.01 and the ratios for more than 94% cases ranged from 0.5 to 2). Using this model and the relationship between daily snow depth andnumber of skiers, the changes in skier numbers in the seven ski areas werepredicted for several scenarios with respect to air temperature changes; e.g. a more than 30% drop in visiting skiers was forecast in almost all ski areas in Japan except northern region (Hokkaido) and/or high altitude regions (center of the Main Island) under the condition of a 3 °C increase in air temperature. The vulnerability of the ski industry and its adaptationto climate change are discussed. 相似文献
47.
Effect of ultraviolet-absorbing vinyl film on organophosphorus insecticides dichlorvos and fenitrothion residues in spinach 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Amano S Katami T Shibamoto T 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2002,37(4):291-296
Dichlorvos and fenitrothion residues found in spinach grown in greenhouse covered either by regular vinyl film or UV-absorbing vinyl film (UV-A) were analyzed by gas chromatography. After one day, dichlorvos residues in spinach covered with regular vinyl film and UV-A degraded by 97% and 80%, respectively, and degraded 100% after three days covered with regular vinyl film and six days covered with UV-A. After three days, fenitrothion residue in spinach covered with regular vinyl film degraded by 72% and then by 97% after six days; residue in spinach covered with UV-A degraded by 50% after three days and by 95% after six days. These results indicate that UV-A used to prevent the occurrence of insects and fungi in greenhouses reduced the degradation rates of dichlorvos and fenitrothion. 相似文献
48.
Effects of dissolved organic matter on toxicity and bioavailability of copper for lettuce sprouts 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
It is well known that dissolved organic matter in soil solution may affect the toxicity or bioavailability of heavy metals to plants, but existing information on various organic substances is insufficient for treating problems with heavy metal-contaminated soils. To clarify how dissolved organic matter alters the toxicity and bioavailability of metals, we germinated lettuce seeds exposed to solutions containing Cu and several kinds of dissolved organic matters. Low molecular weight organic acids (citric, malic, and oxalic acids) increased the toxicity and bioavailability of Cu, but low concentrations of the synthetic chelators ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) decreased the toxicity and bioavailability of Cu. In contrast, humic acid appeared to be the most effective organic substance for detoxifying Cu, even though it did not significantly decrease the bioavailability of Cu. Consequently, the bioavailability and toxic effects of Cu in soil depend on the nature of coexisting organic substances in the soil solution. 相似文献
49.
Mitsuo Yamamoto Masami Fukushima 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2014,16(4):731-738
Composting is a good method for recycling surplus manure and stabilizing organic matter from biowastes. Compost is used as a soil amendment and recently, for restoration of vegetation in barren areas. We investigated the relationship between the type of woody biomass (using Robinia pseudoacacia, Japanese larch and apple) and the humification index (HI) of the resulting compost. This study evaluated the difference in HI between the three compost types, and the structural features of composts and extracted humic acids (HAs). The HIs for R. pseudoacacia and apple were larger than that for Japanese larch after composting for 11 months. The structural features of the Japanese larch compost were also different from the apple and R. pseudoacacia, with a very high carbon/nitrogen ratio. The average molecular weights and ultraviolet–visible spectra (A600/C) of HAs extracted from composting samples at 0 and 11 months indicate that the humification rate of Japanese larch was slower than that of R. pseudoacacia and apple. During composting, the average molecular weights of apple and R. pseudoacacia decreased, while their A600/C values increased, but the reverse was observed for Japanese larch. The humification rate was found to depend on the type of woody biomass being composted. 相似文献
50.
Study on dechlorination technology for municipal waste plastics containing polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene terephthalate 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Masaaki Fukushima Beili Wu Hidetoshi Ibe Keiji Wakai Eiichi Sugiyama Hironobu Abe Kiyohiko Kitagawa Shigenori Tsuruga Katsumi Shimura Eiichi Ono 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2010,12(2):108-122
It is necessary to remove chlorine efficiently from municipal waste plastics (MWP) that contain polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and
other plastics containing chlorine. In this article we consider thermal degradation liquefaction technology. In Japan, the
chlorine content of reclamation oil products must be kept below 100 ppm owing to the quality standard for pyrolysis oil. Liquefaction
dechlorination technology for MWP is still an important issue to study. The twin-screw extruder that has been developed as
dechlorination technology for blast furnaces and coke ovens has a shorter residence time for dechlorination than other dechlorination
technologies. In this article, we used a single-screw extruder for the dechlorination process because it also has a short
residence time. Experiments on the dechlorination process were carried out by using a single-screw extruder to assess its
dechlorination performance. Practical use of the single-screw was demonstrated by the operation of a commercial oil reclamation
plant operated by Sapporo Plastic Recycle Co., Ltd. (SPR). Moreover, an investigation of cascade recycling was carried out
in 2008 in which material recycle wastes were mixed with MWP and processed by chemical recycling (liquefaction). It was demonstrated
that cascade recycling is an efficient recycling combination and contributes to local feedstock recycling. However, it was
shown that MR wastes affect the quality of the reclamation oil when they make up more than 40% of the feed mix. If the quantity
of MR wastes is kept below 40%, the reclamation oil is able to meet the quality standard. The SPR plant can be operated safely
and in a stable manner. 相似文献