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21.
日本职业卫生管理及对中国的启示 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
依据中日合作项目<加强中国国家安全生产科学技术能力计划>成果,系统介绍了日本职业卫生监管机构、法规、职业病确定、作业环境管理等.同时,结合中国职业卫生管理体制尚未完全理顺、法规较滞后、专业人才不足、企业基础资料不全和自主管理体制不健全等现状,提出了进一步明确职业卫生管理体制、完善职业卫生法规、建立职业卫生统计制度、强化企业自主管理能力等建立健全中国职业卫生管理的对策和建议.本文对完善中国职业卫生管理具有重要的参考意义. 相似文献
22.
依据中日合作项目《加强中国国家安全生产科学技术能力计划》成果,系统介绍了日本职业卫生监管机构、法规、职业病确定、作业环境管理等。同时,结合中国职业卫生管理体制尚未完全理顺、法规较滞后、专业人才不足、企业基础资料不全和自主管理体制不健全等现状,提出了进一步明确职业卫生管理体制、完善职业卫生法规、建立职业卫生统计制度、强化企业自主管理能力等建立健全中国职业卫生管理的对策和建议。本文对完善中国职业卫生管理具有重要的参考意义。 相似文献
23.
Keiichi Honda Hiroyuki Takase Hisashi ?mura Hiroshi Honda 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2012,99(9):695-703
How to acquire sufficient quantity of nitrogen is a pivotal issue for herbivores, particularly for lepidopterans (butterflies and moths) of which diet quality greatly differs among their life stages. Male Lepidoptera often feed from mud puddles, dung, and carrion, a behavior known as puddling, which is thought to be supplementary feeding targeted chiefly at sodium. During copulation, males transfer a spermatophore to females that contains, besides sperm, nutrients (nuptial gifts) rich in sodium, proteins, and amino acids. However, it is still poorly understood how adults, mostly nectarivores, extract nitrogen from the environment. We examined the availability of two ubiquitous inorganic nitrogenous ions in nature, viz. ammonium (or ammonia) and nitrate ions, as nutrients in a butterfly, and show that exogenous ammonia ingested by adult males of the swallowtail, Papilio polytes, can serve as a resource for protein biosynthesis. Feeding experiments with 15N-labeled ammonium chloride revealed that nitrogen was incorporated into eupyrene spermatozoa, seminal protein, and thoracic muscle. Ammonia uptake by males significantly increased the number of eupyrene sperms in the reproductive tract tissues. The females also had the capacity to assimilate ammonia into egg protein. Consequently, it is evident that acquired ammonia is utilized for the replenishment of proteins allocable for reproduction and somatic maintenance. The active exploitation of exogenous ammonia as a nutrient by a butterfly would foster better understanding of the foraging and reproductive strategies in insects. 相似文献
24.
Summary. In the natural habitat of Papilio polytes, a
Rutaceae feeder utilizing Toddalia asiatica as a major host plant, some other rutaceous plants such as
Murraya paniculata
(abundant) and Glycosmis citrifolia (relatively rare)
occur sympatrically as potential hosts. Whereas
G. citrifolia
is occasionally infested in the field, M. paniculata
remains entirely unexploited by the butterfly. We thus examined the
phytochemical mechanisms that can explain the differential
acceptance of the two plants by ovipositing females of
P. polytes. The foliage of
G. citrifolia was found to readily
induce oviposition and females deposited eggs in response
to a methanolic extract of the plant. Stimulatory activity-directed
fractionation of the extract revealed the presence of
two characteristic compounds, trans-4-hydroxy-N-methylproline
and 2-C-methylerythronic acid, known to serve as
oviposition stimulants for the butterfly. In addition, larvae
performed as well or better onG. citrifolia
as on T. asiatica.
Similar examination of the inhibitory chemical constituents
of M. paniculata led to the isolation of an oviposition deterrent. The compound, identified as trigonelline
(N-methylpyridine-
3-carboxylic acid), exhibited moderate
oviposition deterrency to females. These results combined
with our previous data are in agreement with the observed
differential utilization of the two plants by
P. polytes in the field. 相似文献
25.
中日合作项目国内外危险化学品安全管理初步研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
按照中日合作项目《加强中国安全生产科学技术能力计划》,分析了日本、美国、加拿大、德国、欧盟和联合国等国际危险化学品安全管理现状,总结提出了实施风险评价、申报登记、风险控制、信息警示和员工培训等国际危险化学品安全管理方式及其特点。同时,结合中国危险化学品安全管理现状,提出了系统化建设危险化学品安全生产法规标准体系、制定作业场所危险化学品卫生要求、修订《危险化学品安全管理条例》等进一步建立健全中国危险化学品安全管理的对策和建议。这对完善中国危险化学品安全管理具有重要的参考意义。 相似文献
26.
Shun'ichi Honda Naoyuki Miyata Keisuke Iwahori 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2002,4(1):46-50
In our previous work, the primary sludge from wastewater treatment plants was shown to contain a considerable amount of cellulose
(about 20%, based on suspended solids) owing to the discharge of toilet paper. For the purpose of using the cellulose as a
biomass resource, this study examined a simple method for its recovery. When fibrous cellulose was suspended in 0.3% sulfuric
acid and autoclaved at 130°C for 60 min, 85%–88% of the initial solids remained without dissolving. Under these conditions,
an activated sludge sample not containing cellulose was strongly hydrolyzed and only 7% of the initial solids remained. The
prescribed amounts of cellulose added to the activated sludge sample were quantitatively recovered by the autoclaving treatment.
In the treatment of primary sludge containing >20% cellulose, residual solids with relatively high levels of cellulose (>69%)
could be obtained. The results indicate that the method proposed here could recover cellulose practically from waste sewage
sludge for biomass utilization.
Received: July 17, 2000 / Accepted: July 4, 2001 相似文献
27.
Guido Plaza Hideo Sakaji Hitoshi Honda Yuichi Hirota Kazuya Nashida 《Marine Biology》2007,152(5):1051-1064
Spawning pattern (assessed by seasonal changes in ovarian developmental stages) and type of fecundity (assessed by analysis
of oocyte-size frequency distributions) of the round herring Etrumeus teres were studied in relation to ovarian growth and seasonal changes in the gonadosomatic (GSI), hepatosomatic (HSI) and liposomatic
(LSI) index as well as the somatic condition of spawners (CS) in a spawning ground of southern Japan. Except for summer, mature
and recently spawned ovaries occurred all year round. Oogonia and primary oocytes were present in all ovaries, and cortical
alveoli stage (CA) oocytes occurred in all mature, hydrated and partially spent (PS) females (PS: females containing post-ovulatory
follicles). Before hydration, a clutch of larger yolked oocytes, undergoing synchronous growth (range 0.7–1.1 mm), was present
in mature ovaries which was completely separated from a more heterogeneous clutch of oogonia, primary and secondary oocytes
(<0.150 mm) and oocytes in the CA stage (range 0.15–0.60 mm). As vitellogenesis progressed, the yolked clutch increased in
size but the CA oocytes remained arrested. The latter entered into the secondary growth phase when hydration started in the
advanced batch. Ovarian growth was isometric in all developmental stages, validating the use of GSI, which showed a consistent
monthly evolution among years. Spawning stopped in summer (July and August) and peaked in winter and spring. HSI correlated
positively with GSI on both a monthly mean basis (r = 0.76) and individual fish basis (liver weight explained 67–83% of the variability in ovary weight when females were grouped
into 1-unit GSI intervals) suggesting a significant role of liver in vitellogenesis. LSI and CS also showed marked seasonal
changes peaking from summer to middle autumn. Overall results suggest that E. teres is a multiple spawner with a group-synchronous ovarian development and indeterminate annual fecundity, with the three processes
linked to an isometric growth of the ovary. We propose that such a reproductive pattern is an adaptation to produce batches
of large pelagic eggs through a protracted spawning season. 相似文献
28.
Marcela Prado Silva Ana Paula dos Santos Batista Sueli Ivone Borrely Vanessa Honda Ogihara Silva Antonio Carlos Silva Costa Teixeira 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(21):12135-12142
Photochemical advanced oxidation processes have been considered for the treatment of water and wastewater containing the herbicide atrazine (ATZ), a possible human carcinogen and endocrine disruptor. In this study, we investigated the effects of the photon emission rate and initial concentration on ATZ photolysis at 254 nm, an issue not usually detailed in literature. Moreover, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is discussed. Photon emission rates in the range 0.87?×?1018–3.6?×?1018 photons L?1 s?1 and [ATZ]0?=?5 and 20 mg L?1 were used. The results showed more than 65 % of ATZ removal after 30 min. ATZ photolysis followed apparent first-order kinetics with k values and percent removals decreasing with increasing herbicide initial concentration. A fivefold linear increase in specific degradation rate constants with photon emission rate was observed. Also, regardless the presence of persistent degradation products, toxicity was efficiently removed after 60-min exposure to UV radiation. Experiments confirmed a noticeable contribution of singlet oxygen and radical species to atrazine degradation during photolysis. These results may help understand the behavior of atrazine in different UV-driven photochemical degradation treatment processes. 相似文献
29.
A new automated cleanup system for the analysis of dioxins (PCDDs, PCDFs and DL-PCBs) has been developed. It was controlled by PLC through the touch-panel. This automated cleanup system can simultaneously treat six samples in 2h, using only about 30 mL of solvent. In this study, the recovery rates of the internal standard added as cleanup spiked were between 70% and 120% in the fly ash sample. The RSDs (relative standard deviations) were below 15%. The shortest analysis time from cleanup to calculation of concentration was approximately 6h. Moreover, this automated cleanup system eliminates personal error in sample preparation and training time for the analyst, and improves the accuracy of the experiment. Additionally, this automated cleanup system allowed rapid analysis and less consumption of organic solvent. 相似文献
30.
A sex pheromone component novel to Ostrinia identified from Ostrinia latipennis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Takuma Takanashi Suguru Ohno Yongping Huang Sadahiro Tatsuki Hiroshi Honda Yukio Ishikawa 《Chemoecology》2000,10(3):143-147
Summary. Extracts from the sex pheromone gland of Ostrinia latipennis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) were analyzed by gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and GC-mass spectrometry.
Only an EAD-active compound was detected in the extract, and it was identified as (E)-11-tetradecenol (E11-14:OH). In a wind-tunnel bioassay, E11-14:OH elicited a series of mate finding behaviors from males, although it was far less active than virgin females and crude
extract of the pheromone gland. The attractiveness of E11-14:OH to O. latipennis males was confirmed by field trapping experiments. Based on these findings, we concluded that E11-14:OH, which is novel to the genus Ostrinia, is a major component of the sex pheromone in O. latipennis. The significance of the use of alcohol in place of the usual acetates in Ostrinia is discussed in relation to the pheromone biosynthesis system.
Received 9 December 1999; accepted 14 March 2000 相似文献