BH1型混凝脱色剂处理针织印染废水的实验研究

采用新研制的BH1型混凝脱色剂对针织印染废水的脱色和COD去除效果进行了实验研究。结果表明,BH1型混凝脱色剂的最佳pH为8,最佳投药量为1．2ml／L,此时COD、色度去除率分别为64％、89％,与硫酸铝、硫酸亚铁等常规混凝剂相比,COD、色度的去除率均有明显提高,其中处理后出水的色度迭40倍以下,色度可满足《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978—1996）表4中的一级标准。     

京津冀重霾期间PM_(2.5)来源数值模拟研究

厘清PM2.5的来源是开展重霾污染防治的前提条件.本研究利用嵌套网格空气质量预报模式系统(NAQPMS)及其耦合的污染来源追踪技术,针对2013年1月我国中东部的重霾污染过程,定量模拟分析京津冀各城市PM2.5浓度的来源和相互贡献.研究结果表明,NAQPMS模式能够合理反映京津冀不同城市PM2.5浓度的变化特征.京津冀各城市近地面PM2.5浓度主要受本地排放影响,本地贡献率介于29.8%~63.7%.而800 m高空层各城市PM2.5浓度以外来贡献为主(69.3%~86.3%).在污染最严重的东南部地区(包括邢台、邯郸、沧州和衡水),PM2.5浓度受区域外的山东和河南的显著影响,贡献率可达25.2%~31.5%.因此,在京津冀区域内进行协同减排控制的同时,需进一步将山东、河南等省份纳入联防联控范围,才能有效防控重霾污染.     

Effect of water vapor on NH3-NO/NO2 SCR performance of fresh and aged MnOx-NbOx-CeO2 catalysts

A MnOx–NbOx–CeO2 catalyst for low temperature selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NOx with NH3 was prepared by a sol–gel method, and characterized by NH3–NO/NO2 SCR catalytic activity, NO/NH3 oxidation activity, NOx/NH3 TPD, XRD, BET, H2-TPR and in-situ Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy(DRIFTS). The results indicate that the Mn Ox–Nb Ox–CeO2 catalyst shows excellent low temperature NH3-SCR activity in the temperature range of 150–300℃. Water vapor inhibits the low temperature activity of the catalyst in standard SCR due to the inhibition of NOx adsorption. As the NO2 content increases in the feed, water vapor does not affect the activity in NO2 SCR. Meanwhile, water vapor significantly enhances the N2 selectivity of the fresh and the aged catalysts due to its inhibition of the decomposition of NH4NO3 into N2O.     

固液界面NOM吸附中疏水效应的影响研究

文章以腐殖酸和纳米Fe2O3为对象,着重研究了腐殖酸分子在纳米Fe2O3表面的吸附过程中的疏水效应,借助红外光谱和热重等分析方法研究了腐殖酸吸附前后的疏水性随溶液环境变化的规律。结果表明,当离子强度为0、0.005、0.01和0.05 mol/kg,pH值从7变到12时,纳米Fe2O3吸附溶解性腐殖酸分子后形成的复合体的热失重量随着pH值的升高先减小后增大。当pH值从7升高到10时,亲水性降低,疏水性增强;当pH值从10升高到12时,亲水性增强,疏水性降低。当离子强度为0.001 mol/kg,pH值从7变到12时,复合体的热失重量随着pH值的升高而减小,亲水性降低,疏水性增强。当pH值为定值,离子强度变化时,纳米Fe2O3吸附溶解性腐殖酸分子后形成的复合体的热失重量随着离子强度的增加不断变化,曲线呈现出波动趋势,亲、疏水性在交替变化。红外光谱分析结果说明,对纳米Fe2O3吸附溶解性腐殖酸分子后形成的复合体的亲疏水性起主要影响的官能团可能是亲水性的羟基-OH、羰基C=O和疏水性的CH2烷烃。     

Schooling decisions in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) are based on familiarity rather than kin recognition by phenotype matching

Evidence from a number of freshwater species indicates that fish prefer to school with familiar individuals. Do they also choose to associate with kin? Our experiment tested this idea using the Trinidadian guppy, Poecilia reticulata, a species whose reproductive biology favours the association of kin groups. Juveniles reared together were able to recognise one another on the basis of either visual or chemical cues, but showed no preference for schooling with unfamiliar kin. We therefore conclude that any naturally occurring kin groups in this species will occur as a result of familiarity rather than as a consequence of kin recognition based on phenotype matching.     

Nitrate removal to its fate in wetland mesocosm filled with sponge iron: Impact of influent COD/N ratio

• CW-Fe allowed a high-performance of NO₃^‒-N removal at the COD/N ratio of 0. • Higher COD/N resulted in lower chem-denitrification and higher bio-denitrification. • The application of s-Fe⁰ contributed to TIN removal in wetland mesocosm. • s-Fe⁰ changed the main denitrifiers in wetland mesocosm. Sponge iron (s-Fe⁰) is a porous metal with the potential to be an electron donor for denitrification. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using s-Fe⁰ as the substrate of wetland mesocosms. Here, wetland mesocosms with the addition of s-Fe⁰ particles (CW-Fe) and a blank control group (CW-CK) were established. The NO₃^‒-N reduction property and water quality parameters (pH, DO, and ORP) were examined at three COD/N ratios (0, 5, and 10). Results showed that the NO₃^‒-N removal efficiencies were significantly increased by 6.6 to 58.9% in the presence of s-Fe⁰. NH₄⁺-N was mainly produced by chemical denitrification, and approximately 50% of the NO₃^‒-N was reduced to NH₄⁺-N, at the COD/ratio of 0. An increase of the influent COD/N ratio resulted in lower chemical denitrification and higher bio-denitrification. Although chemical denitrification mediated by s-Fe⁰ led to an accumulation of NH₄⁺-N at COD/N ratios of 0 and 5, the TIN removal efficiencies increased by 4.5%‒12.4%. Moreover, the effluent pH, DO, and ORP values showed a significant negative correlation with total Fe and Fe (II) (P<0.01). High-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that Trichococcus (77.2%) was the most abundant microorganism in the CW-Fe mesocosm, while Thauera, Zoogloea, and Herbaspirillum were the primary denitrifying bacteria. The denitrifiers, Simplicispira, Dechloromonas, and Denitratisoma, were the dominant bacteria for CW-CK. This study provides a valuable method and an improved understanding of NO₃^‒-N reduction characteristics of s-Fe⁰ in a wetland mesocosm.     

太湖主要入湖河流多溴联苯醚和有机磷阻燃剂污染与风险评价

为了解多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）和有机磷阻燃剂（OPFRs）在太湖3条主要入湖河流（太滆运河、太滆南运河和漕桥河）中的污染现状,采集其水体和沉积物样品,利用GC-MS/MS和LC-MS/MS技术对介质中13种PBDEs同族体和9种OPFRs进行分析。结果表明,所有水样品中均检出OPFRs,其总质量浓度为165～504 ng/L,其中三（1-氯-2丙基）磷酸酯（TCPP）为最主要污染物,最高值为160 ng/L;PBDEs在所有沉积物样品中均有检出,总质量比为16.7～765 ng/g。沉积物中PBDEs和OPFRs存在显著的正相关性（p＜0.01）,说明这2种化合物的污染来源和环境归趋可能相类似。水中OPFRs基于无效应浓度（PNEC）的风险评价显示,部分化合物对藻类、蚤类和鱼类具有中等生态风险。指出,随着PBDEs的禁用,以及潜在的生物累积效应,OPFRs的环境污染须引起进一步的关注。     

长江流域国家级保护地空间分布特征及其国家公园廊道空间策略研究

长江流域国家级保护地数量庞大、保护类型多样,为了实现对长江流域自然资源的整体保护和管理的目的,从全域尺度分析其空间分布特征是梳理长江国家公园廊道构建的重要基础。通过数理统计与ArcGIS空间分析,结合中国自然地理表征和人文地理表征,对长江流域现有8类共计996处国家级保护地空间的分布特征进行了研究,结果表明：（1）长江流域国家级保护地总体呈集聚分布,并形成三江源区域、三江并流区域、川西高山高原区域、秦岭中段区域、渝西盆地区域、环洞庭湖区域、环鄱阳湖区域、黄山区域、环太湖区域9个集聚区;（2）长江流域国家级保护地主要集中在中切割高山区和中下游低山丘陵平原区,覆盖了河网密布、水资源丰富、植物种类繁多、土壤肥沃、可达性较高、人口密度适中及经济发展水平较高的东部和中部区域。基于其国家保护地空间分布特征,提出构建“长江源头—入海口”重要保护节点、“洞庭湖—鄱阳湖—巢湖—太湖”重要保护片区、“武当山—华釜山—大凉山、巫山—武陵山—药山”重要保护带的“三重要”模式与“国家公园先行区—国家级保护地聚集区—自然、社会、经济优势区—原生动植物本底”的“四层次”体系相结合的长江国家公园廊道空间策略     

臭氧氧化法连续处理焦化废水生化出水

采用连续通入废水和臭氧的方式,利用臭氧氧化法深度处理焦化废水生化出水(COD为151~183 mg/L、pH约为8),并通过添加羟基自由基抑制剂叔丁醇探究了臭氧氧化的机理。在不调节废水pH、臭氧投加量12.15mg/L、废水流量2 mL/min的最佳条件下,COD去除率达54.5%,出水COD达到GB 16171—2012《炼焦化学工业污染物排放标准》。稳定运行时,降解1 kg COD需投加臭氧741.1 mg。臭氧氧化过程中,臭氧自身氧化和羟基自由基氧化同时存在,且以羟基自由基氧化为主。反应过程符合准一级动力学模型,反应速率常数为0.01 min~(-1)。     

敌草快对藻类和溞类的急性毒性及其水中含量测定

敌草快是一种非选择性、广谱的联吡啶类触杀性除草剂,主要通过干扰植物细胞膜、破坏光合作用而快速发挥效果。为探究敌草快对水生生物的毒性,测定了该化合物对羊角月芽藻和大型溞的急性毒性,并建立了高效液相色谱法测定水中敌草快含量的方法。结果表明:检测方法在1.00×10-2~3.00×10-2mg a.i.·L-1范围内的线性相关系数为0.99995,添加回收率在90.3%~109%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.10%~10.3%,保留时间在7.2 min左右。按实测浓度和理论浓度分别计算敌草快对羊角月芽藻的72 h的半数效应浓度EyC50(72 h-EyC50),分别为3.16×10-2mg a.i.·L-1和3.32×10-2mg a.i.·L-1,均为高毒;对大型溞48 h的半数效应浓度EC50(48 h-EC50)分别为1.18×10-2mg a.i.·L-1和1.33×10-2mg a.i.·L-1,均为剧毒。