Cysteine-enhanced reductive degradation of nitrobenzene using nano-sized zero-valent iron by accelerated electron transfer

As an aliphatic amino acid, cysteine (CYS) is diffuse in the living cells of plants and animals. However, little is known of its role in the reactivity of nano-sized zero-valent iron (NZVI) in the degradation of pollutants. This study shows that the introduction of CYS to the NZVI system can help improve the efficiency of reduction, with 30% more efficient degradation and a reaction rate constant nine times higher when nitrobenzene (NB) is used as probe compound. The rates of degradation of NB were positively correlated with the range of concentrations of CYS from 0 to 10 mmol/L. The introduction of CYS increased the maximum concentration of Fe(III) by 12 times and that of Fe(II) by four times in this system. A comparison of systems featuring only CYS or Fe(II) showed that the direct reduction of NB was not the main factor influencing its CYS-stimulated removal. The reduction in the concentration of CYS was accompanied by the generation of cystine (CY, the oxidized form of cysteine), and both eventually became stable. The introduction of CY also enhanced NB degradation due to NZVI, accompanied by the regeneration of CYS. This supports the claim that CYS can accelerate electron transfer from NZVI to NB, thus enhancing the efficiency of degradation of NB.     

加强污染源自动监测设备运行监管的若干思考

从日常监管、运营服务、设备性能等方面分析了污染源自动监测设备市场现状,针对在实际工作中存在的问题,从设备厂商、污染源企业、环保部门的角度提出了加强污染源自动监测设备运行监管的解决思路。     

《贵州省环境污染排放标准》中涉气项目修订原则与方法

以贵州省地方大气污染物排放标准为例,在充分分析其原标准存在问题的基础上,结合近年来颁布实施的环境质量标准、综合或行业污染物排放标准以及工作场所有害因素职业接触限值作为标准浓度限制值Cm,严格按照制定地方大气污染物排放标准的技术方法,重新计算了该省固定排放源的排放限值。计算时,首次以所涉行业区位商作为设置经济技术参数Ke值的重要依据,克服了对欠发达地区经济技术参数"一刀切"的缺点,增加了标准的经济技术可行性。通过计算,地方标准的排放限值更趋于合理,符合国家对地方标准的有关要求。     

徐州市污水厂内分泌干扰物的去除及生态风险评价

对徐州市3家不同处理工艺污水厂进出水中的17α-乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)、雌三醇(E3)、雌二醇(E2)、雌酮(E1)、双酚A(BPA)等5种雌激素物质进行了分析,采用固相萃取技术对这些物质进行富集分离,使用LC-MS对目标物进行检测。结果表明,3座污水厂的雌激素(除BPA)平均进出水浓度较高,污水厂对EE2和BPA的去除效果较好,分别为84.89%和98.38%;但对E3、E2、E1去除效果不够理想。经对内分泌干扰物的雌激素活性及生态风险进行评价,建议徐州地区应优先控制EE2、E1和E3。     

Water use sources of desert riparian Populus euphratica forests

Desert riparian forests are the main body of natural oases in the lower reaches of inland rivers; its growth and distribution are closely related to water use sources. However, how does the desert riparian forest obtains a stable water source and which water sources it uses to effectively avoid or overcome water stress to survive? This paper describes an analysis of the water sources, using the stable oxygen isotope technique and the linear mixed model of the isotopic values and of desert riparian Populus euphratica forests growing at sites with different groundwater depths and conditions. The results showed that the main water source of Populus euphratica changes from water in a single soil layer or groundwater to deep subsoil water and groundwater as the depth of groundwater increases. This appears to be an adaptive selection to arid and water-deficient conditions and is a primary reason for the long-term survival of P. euphratica in the desert riparian forest of an extremely arid region. Water contributions from the various soil layers and from groundwater differed and the desert riparian P. euphratica forests in different habitats had dissimilar water use strategies.     

Review on the NO removal from flue gas by oxidation methods

Due to the increasingly strict emission standards of NOx on various industries, many traditional flue gas treatment methods have been gradually improved. Except for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) methods to remove NOx from flue gas, theoxidation method is paying more attention to NOx removal now because of the potential to simultaneously remove multiple pollutants from flue gas. This paper summarizes the efficiency, reaction conditions, effect factors, and reaction mechanism of NO oxidation from the aspects of liquid-phase oxidation, gas-phase oxidation, plasma technology, and catalytic oxidation. The effects of free radicals and active components of catalysts on NO oxidation and the combination of various oxidation methods are discussed in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of different oxidation methods are summarized, and the suggestions for future research on NO oxidation are put forward at the end. The review on the NO removal by oxidation methods can provide new ideas for future studies on the NO removal from flue gas.     

废水处理与利用生态工程Ⅱ—类型及一些案例

文章列举了污水处理与利用生态工程的主要类型。包括城市污水就地、分散、小型、地埋式、无动力处理系统 ;快速渗滤土地处理与利用系统 ;慢速渗滤土地处理与利用系统 ;芦苇湿地渗滤系统集中处理与利用城市污水。工业废水的处理与利用 ,主要通过减量、回收、转化、回用和再循环。另提供了一些案例帮助说明各类型。     

广东省空气质量等级预报准确性评估

对广东省空气质量等级预报准确性评估进行了探讨,结果表明,在不区分污染等级的情况下,2016年夏季广东各市的预报准确性差异较大,中山预报准确性达92%,是全省唯一一个准确性超过90%的城市,云浮最低,为53%。在区分污染等级时,实测为轻度及以上污染级别的情况下,各市的准确性普遍较低,仅佛山、东莞与广州的准确性达50%以上,而有11个城市的准确性为0。综合考虑不同污染级别的准确性得分后,佛山市排名第1,较不区分污染等级时的排名提前9名。指出,采用区分污染等级的预报效果评估办法更加适合广东空气污染较轻的区域。在首要污染物为臭氧的情况下,广东省平均的等级预报准确性低于首要污染物为其他物种的情况。     

佛山市PM_(2.5)污染特征及诱发其高污染过程天气系统分析

利用2013年佛山市8个国控大气自动监测站点ρ(PM_(2.5))监测数据,分析佛山市PM_(2.5)污染的时空分布特征,并诊断诱发PM_(2.5)高污染过程的关键天气类型。结果表明,佛山市2013年PM_(2.5)年均值为53μg/m3,高于国家二级标准,污染主要集中在三水区中部、南海区中部和禅城区北部。佛山市ρ(PM_(2.5))表现出明显的季节变化和日变化特征,秋、冬季是PM_(2.5)的高污染季节,其值夜间略高于白天,呈典型的双峰型分布,08:00—09:00短暂出现一个浓度的小峰值,推测与上班交通高峰有关。对PM_(2.5)持续高污染发生的地面天气形势分析表明,高压出海是诱发佛山市PM_(2.5)高污染事件最主要的天气类型。     

A network approach to prioritize conservation efforts for migratory birds

Habitat loss can trigger migration network collapse by isolating migratory bird breeding grounds from nonbreeding grounds. Theoretically, habitat loss can have vastly different impacts depending on the site's importance within the migratory corridor. However, migration-network connectivity and the impacts of site loss are not completely understood. We used GPS tracking data on 4 bird species in the Asian flyways to construct migration networks and proposed a framework for assessing network connectivity for migratory species. We used a node-removal process to identify stopover sites with the highest impact on connectivity. In general, migration networks with fewer stopover sites were more vulnerable to habitat loss. Node removal in order from the highest to lowest degree of habitat loss yielded an increase of network resistance similar to random removal. In contrast, resistance increased more rapidly when removing nodes in order from the highest to lowest betweenness value (quantified by the number of shortest paths passing through the specific node). We quantified the risk of migration network collapse and identified crucial sites by first selecting sites with large contributions to network connectivity and then identifying which of those sites were likely to be removed from the network (i.e., sites with habitat loss). Among these crucial sites, 42% were not designated as protected areas. Setting priorities for site protection should account for a site's position in the migration network, rather than only site-specific characteristics. Our framework for assessing migration-network connectivity enables site prioritization for conservation of migratory species.